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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 209-218.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34039

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

乙烯利催熟对机采棉铃重和纤维品质的影响

刘韬奋1(), 罗单1(), 张启鹏1, 孙圆圆1, 李培松1, 田景山1,*(), 张旺锋1, 向导2, 张亚黎1, 杨明凤2, 勾玲1   

  1. 1石河子大学农学院 / 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832003
    2石河子气象局乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站, 新疆石河子 832003
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-27 接受日期:2023-06-29 出版日期:2024-01-12 网络出版日期:2023-07-20
  • 通讯作者: *田景山, E-mail: tianjs@shzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘韬奋, E-mail: liutaofen@stu.shzu.edu.cn; 罗单, E-mail: luodan510322@163.com

    **同等贡献

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001001);棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CB2022A26);新疆兵团财政科技计划项目(2021CB044)

Ethephon ripening affects boll weight and fiber quality of machine-harvested cotton

LIU Tao-Fen1(), LUO Dan1(), ZHANG Qi-Peng1, SUN Yuan-Yuan1, LI Pei-Song1, TIAN Jing-Shan1,*(), ZHANG Wang-Feng1, XIANG Dao2, ZHANG Ya-Li1, YANG Ming-Feng2, GOU Ling1   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Shihezi University / Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    2Wulanwusu Agrometeorological Experiment Station of Shihezi Meteorological Bureau, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2023-02-27 Accepted:2023-06-29 Published:2024-01-12 Published online:2023-07-20
  • Contact: *E-mail: tianjs@shzu.edu.cn
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this study
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1001001);Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology(CB2022A26);Financial Science and Technology Planning Project of the XPCC(2021CB044)

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摘要：

催熟剂乙烯利的使用可实现机采棉提前吐絮和集中吐絮。本研究选择催熟剂敏感性和棉铃形态差异较大的18个棉花品种(材料), 在棉铃发育不同阶段一次性喷施乙烯利, 分析棉铃铃期缩短对棉花铃重和纤维品质的影响及其关系。结果表明, 当棉铃铃期为47~69 d时, 在棉铃铃龄40.5~49.7 d喷施乙烯利可使棉铃提前3.5~5.7 d吐絮。在乙烯利催熟下纤维完全发育成熟需64.1~69.7 d, 棉籽则需54.8~60.5 d。棉铃吐絮时间提前1.5~6.2 d, 铃重与纤维品质均降低的概率高达58.0%~76.5%。生产中可选择在棉铃铃龄34.8~44.1 d喷施乙烯利, 此时棉株顶部棉铃铃重损失5% (损伤量<0.26 g)、纤维品质损失1% (长度损伤量<0.28 mm、断裂比强度损伤量<0.30 cN tex-1), 这是实现棉铃提前吐絮可接受的代价。此外, 部分品种经催熟剂处理后棉铃铃期缩短但其铃重、纤维长度和断裂比强度均增加, 此类情况的概率为9.5%~23.5%, 说明部分机采棉品种适时使用乙烯利能够实现机采棉棉铃铃期缩短与提高铃重和纤维品质的协同。

关键词: 棉花, 催熟, 单铃重, 纤维品质, 集中吐絮

Abstract:

The use of ethephon can achieve early and concentrated the machine-harvested cotton boll opening. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the boll-period shortening on the boll weight, fiber quality, and relationship, when the ethephon was sprayed at different stages of the boll development with a selection of 18 materials. The results showed that when the period of cotton was 47-69 days, spraying ethephon at the age of boll was 40.5-49.7 days, which could advance boll opening by 3.5-5.7 days. It took 64.1-69.7 days for fiber to fully mature under ethephon, while it took 54.8-60.5 days for cotton seed. When boll was opened 1.5-6.2 days earlier, the probability of boll weight and fiber quality decreasing was up to 58.0%-76.5%. To achieve an early opening of the boll, ethephon can be applied at the boll age of 34.8-44.1 days, when the boll weight (< 0.26 g) and fiber quality damage (length reduction < 0.28 mm and fiber strength < 0.30 cN tex-1) at the top of cotton plant are reduced by 5% and 1%, respectively. In addition, the boll period was shortened in some materials, but the boll weight, fiber length, and strength were increased, with the 9.5%-23.5% probability. Therefore, the reasonable use of ethephon in some cotton varieties can shorten the boll period and improve the boll weight and quality.

Key words: cotton, ripening, boll weight, fiber quality, concentrated boll-opening

表1

催熟剂试验的材料、棉铃铃期、挂花日期和处理时间"

年份
Year		 品种(材料)
Cotton cultivars (materials)		 对照棉铃铃期
(d, CK)		 挂花日期(月/日)
Marked date
(month/day)		 催熟剂喷施
时间处理
Treatment time
2020 苏K202, 巴1, 巴2, 巴4, 巴6, 巴8, 新陆早33号,
新陆早50号, 新陆早57号, 新陆早61号, 新陆早74号, 新陆早80号, 65-38, 16566, 2A0620, 80511, 80506, 3413
Su K202, Ba 1, Ba 2, Ba 4, Ba 6, Ba 8, Xinluzao 33, Xinluzao 50, Xinluzao 57, Xinluzao 61, Xinluzao 74, Xinluzao 80, 65-38, 16566, 2A0620, 80511, 80506, 3413		 47, 50, 48, 51, 47, 51, 52, 50, 47, 50, 51, 52, 60, 60, 64, 57, 60, 69 7/6 Rd/b 0.82
7/11 Rd/b 0.72
7/16 Rd/b 0.62
2021 苏K202, 巴8, 新陆早33号, 新陆早50号,
新陆早80号, 16566, 2A0620, 80506, 3413
Su K202, Ba 8, Xinluzao 33, Xinluzao 50,
Xinluzao 80, 16566, 2A0620, 80506, 3413		 47, 51, 52, 57, 60,
60, 64, 60, 69		 7/11 Rd/b 0.82
7/16 Rd/b 0.72
7/21 Rd/b 0.62
7/25 Rd/b 0.52

图1

催熟剂乙烯利对棉铃铃期的影响 图中粗实线表示该组数据的平均值。Rd/b(0.82, 0.72, 0.62, 0.52)的样本数n分别为25、25、25和9。**表示不同喷施药剂处理间差异显著(P < 0.01)。棉铃铃期缩短天数是喷施乙烯利试样的棉铃铃期与对照的差值。每个喷施时间均有一个对照处理(CK)。"

图2

乙烯利催熟条件下根据棉铃铃期缩短天数对单铃纤维重及单铃棉籽重的损伤量进行分类 图中数字表示测定指标在某象限内的样本数。总样本数n=84, 其中Rd/b (0.82, 0.72, 0.62, 0.52)的样本数n分别为25、25、25和9。单铃纤维重和单铃棉籽重的损伤量是喷施乙烯利试样的单铃纤维重和单铃棉籽重与对照的差值。"

图3

乙烯利催熟条件下棉铃铃期及其缩短天数与单铃纤维重和单铃棉籽重损伤量的关系 总样本数n = 84。单铃纤维重和单铃棉籽重的损伤量是喷施乙烯利试样的单铃纤维重和单铃棉籽重与对照的差值。"

图4

乙烯利催熟条件下根据棉铃铃期缩短天数对纤维品质的损伤量进行分类 图中数字表示测定指标在某象限内的样本数。总样本数n = 81, 其中Rd/b (0.82, 0.72, 0.62, 0.52)的样本数n分别为25, 25, 25, 9。纤维品质损伤量是喷施乙烯利试样的纤维品质指标与对照的差值。"

图5

乙烯利催熟条件下棉铃铃期及其缩短天数与纤维品质损伤量的关系 总样本数为81。纤维品质损伤量是喷施乙烯利试样的纤维品质指标与对照的差值。"

表2

乙烯利催熟条件下棉铃铃期缩短对纤维长度、断裂比强度和单铃重的影响"

品种(材料)
Cotton cultivars (materials)		 催熟剂喷施时间
Treatment time		 喷施处理
Treatment		 棉铃铃期
Boll period days (d)		 纤维长度
Fiber length (mm)		 断裂比强度
Fiber strength
(cN tex-1)		 单铃重
Fiber weight
(g per boll)
苏K202
Su K202		 Rd/b 0.82 对照 CK 60.3±0.91 a 29.1±0.28 b 30.7±0.12 b 4.77±0.67 a
乙烯利 Ethephon 57.1±0.87 b 30.1±0.18 a 31.2±0.15 a 4.87±0.72 a
新陆早61号
Xinluzao 61		 Rd/b 0.82 对照 CK 57.1±0.87 a 26.2±0.37 b 27.4±0.92 a 4.50±0.10 a
乙烯利 Ethephon 54.6±1.25 a 28.1±0.01 a 28.1±1.15 a 4.60±0.17 a
新陆早74号
Xinluzao 74		 Rd/b 0.82 对照 CK 61.8±1.04 a 27.7±0.70 a 29.3±0.58 a 5.07±0.67 a
乙烯利 Ethephon 61.3±0.78 a 28.6±0.57 a 29.8±0.58 a 4.27±0.30 a
新陆早74号
Xinluzao 74		 Rd/b 0.72 对照 CK 58.6±0.93 a 27.8±0.15 b 31.7±0.36 a 5.03±0.13 a
乙烯利 Ethephon 55.8±0.18 a 29.4±0.50 a 29.5±0.58 b 4.40±0.20 a
新陆早57号
Xinluzao 57		 Rd/b 0.62 对照 CK 57.2±1.09 a 29.2±0.58 a 29.1±0.49 b 5.37±0.18 a
乙烯利 Ethephon 51.4±0.85 b 29.3±0.58 a 31.2±0.33 a 5.10±0.21 a
3413 Rd/b 0.62 对照 CK 49.1±0.42 a 27.2±0.78 a 25.7±0.52 b 3.40±0.26 a
乙烯利 Ethephon 47.2±0.86 a 28.0±0.58 a 28.1±0.64 a 4.13±0.24 a
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