江苏省滨海盐碱地籼粳杂交稻产量优势形成特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32034

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 1253-1270.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32034

江苏省滨海盐碱地籼粳杂交稻产量优势形成特征

耿孝宇¹(), 张翔¹, 刘洋¹, 左博源¹, 朱旺¹^,², 马唯一¹, 汪璐璐¹^,², 孟天瑶¹^,², 高平磊¹, 陈英龙¹, 许轲¹, 戴其根¹, 韦还和¹^,^*()

¹江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心 / 农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(滨海盐碱地)重点实验室 / 国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心华东中心 / 扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院 / 扬州大学, 江苏扬州 225009
²扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室 / 扬州大学农业科技发展研究院 / 扬州大学, 江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2023-08-13 接受日期:2024-01-12 出版日期:2024-05-12 网络出版日期:2024-01-30
通讯作者: *韦还和, E-mail: hhwei@yzu.edu.cn
作者简介:E-mail: 2511512002@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0113400);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500402);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2023355);国家自然科学基金项目(32001466);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(23)1020);江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究重大项目(23KJA210004);中国博士后面上项目(2020M671628);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(BE2022304);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(BE2022305);扬州大学‘青蓝工程’和江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

Grain yield and its characteristics of japonica/indica hybrids rice in coastal saline-alkali lands

GENG Xiao-Yu¹(), ZHANG Xiang¹, LIU Yang¹, ZUO Bo-Yuan¹, ZHU Wang¹^,², MA Wei-Yi¹, WANG Lu-Lu¹^,², MENG Tian-Yao¹^,², GAO Ping-Lei¹, CHEN Ying-Long¹, XU Ke¹, DAI Qi-Gen¹, WEI Huan-He¹^,^*()

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Jiangsu / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / East China Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice / Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
²Joint International Research Laboratory of Agri-culture and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Education / Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2023-08-13 Accepted:2024-01-12 Published:2024-05-12 Published online:2024-01-30
Contact: *E-mail: hhwei@yzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFE0113400);National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1500402);Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2023355);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001466);Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(23)1020);Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJA210004);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671628);Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund of Carbon Emissions Peak and Neutrality of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(BE2022304);Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund of Carbon Emissions Peak and Neutrality of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(BE2022305);Qinglan Project of Yangzhou University, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探明滨海盐碱地大田条件下籼粳杂交稻产量优势形成特征。2021—2022年, 在江苏省滨海盐碱地择取中度盐碱地(medium saline-alkali soil, MS, 土壤电导率平均2.7 dS m^-1)和重度盐碱地(high saline-alkali soil, HS, 土壤电导率平均7.2 dS m^-1)两类典型田块, 以籼粳杂交稻(甬优2640和甬优4949)、常规粳稻(南粳9108和淮稻5号)、杂交籼稻(丰优香占和Y两优372) 3种类型水稻品种为试材, 探究实地条件下盐胁迫对不同类型品种产量及其形成特征的影响。与中度盐碱地相比: (1) 重度盐碱地下各类型品种的穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均显著低于中度盐碱地。中度和重度盐碱地下, 籼粳杂交稻的产量均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻, 这主要是由于其较高的每穗粒数。(2) 重度盐碱地下各类型品种关键生育期(拔节、抽穗和成熟期)的群体茎蘖数及茎蘖成穗率均显著下降。中度和重度盐碱地下, 常规粳稻和杂交籼稻关键生育期的群体茎蘖数及茎蘖成穗率均高于籼粳杂交稻。(3) 重度盐碱地下各类型品种关键生育期的干物重均显著下降。中度及重度盐碱地下, 籼粳杂交稻抽穗期和成熟期干物重、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗—成熟期作物生长速率均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。重度盐碱地下各类型品种的收获指数呈上升趋势。籼粳杂交稻在重度盐碱地下的收获指数高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。(4) 重度盐碱地下各类型品种关键生育期的叶面积指数、播种期—拔节期、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗期—成熟期光合势均显著下降。中度和重度盐碱地下, 籼粳杂交稻成熟期叶面积指数和抽穗期—成熟期光合势均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻, 抽穗期—成熟期叶面积指数衰减率则呈相反趋势。(5) 重度盐碱地下各类型品种株高、上三叶叶长和叶宽、叶片SPAD值和光合速率均显著下降。中度和重度盐碱地下, 籼粳杂交稻上三叶叶长和叶宽、叶片SPAD值和光合速率均高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。本研究结果表明, 滨海盐碱地实地条件下, 盐胁迫显著影响水稻产量及其形成特征。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 籼粳杂交稻在滨海盐碱地仍具有较高的产量优势, 这主要得益于其较高的每穗粒数; 此外, 较高的作物生长速率、较大的上三叶叶面积及其较强的叶片持绿性也是籼粳杂交稻在滨海盐碱地具有较好产量优势的重要特征。

关键词: 滨海盐碱地, 水稻, 籼粳杂交稻, 产量形成

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the formation characteristics of yield advantage of japonica/indica hybrid rice under field conditions of coastal saline-alkali land. From 2021 to 2022, three types of rice cultivars, including japonica/indica hybrid rice (Yongyou 2640 and Yongyou 4949), conventional japonica rice (Nanjing 9108 and Huaidao 5), and hybrid indica rice (Fengyouxiangzhan and Y Liangyou 372), were grown in two typical fields of medium saline-alkali soil (MS, the average soil conductivity 2.7 dS m^-1) and heavy medium saline-alkali soil (HS, the average soil conductivity 7.2 dS m^-1) selected in coastal saline-alkali land of Jiangsu province to investigate the effects of salinity stress on the yield and formation characteristics of different types of cultivars under field conditions. Compared with MS: (1) The number of panicles, the spikelets per panicle, filled-grain percentage, and 1000-grain weight of three types of rice under HS were significantly lower than MS. The yield of japonica/indica hybrid rice was significantly higher than MS and HS, which was mainly attributed to its more spikelets per panicle. (2) Tiller number of rice population at the main growth stages (jointing, heading, and maturity stages) and the percentage of productive tiller of three types of cultivars decreased significantly HS. The conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice had consistently more tiller number of rice population at the main growth stages and percentage of productive tiller than japonica/indica hybrid rice. (3) Dry matter weight at the main growth stages of three types of cultivars were significantly reduced under HS. The japonica/indica hybrid rice had higher dry matter weight at heading and maturity stages, and the crop growth rate from jointing to heading and from heading to maturity than MS and HS. The japonica/indica hybrid rice had higher harvest index than conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice under HS. (4) Leaf area index at the main growth stages and leaf area duration from sowing to jointing, from jointing to heading, and from heading to maturity of three types of cultivars were significantly reduced under HS. The japonica/indica hybrid rice had higher leaf area index at maturity stage, and leaf area duration from heading to maturity, while the lower reduction rate of leaf area index from heading to maturity, than MS and HS. (5) The plant height, length and width of upper three leaves, leaf SPAD values, and leaf photosynthetic rate of three types of cultivars were decreased significantly under HS. The leaf length and leaf width, leaf SPAD value, and photosynthetic rate of indica-japonica hybrid rice were higher than MS and HS. The results demonstrated that salinity stress significantly affected rice yield and its formation characteristics under saline-alkali lands. Compared with conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice, japonica/indica hybrid rice still had a higher yield advantage under salinity stress, which was mainly due to the more spikelets per panicle. Besides, higher crop growth rate, larger upper three leaf area, and stronger stay-green characteristics after heading were important traits underlying superior yield performance of japonica/indica hybrids under saline-alkali lands.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali lands, rice, japonica/indica hybrid rice, yield formation

耿孝宇, 张翔, 刘洋, 左博源, 朱旺, 马唯一, 汪璐璐, 孟天瑶, 高平磊, 陈英龙, 许轲, 戴其根, 韦还和. 江苏省滨海盐碱地籼粳杂交稻产量优势形成特征[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(5): 1253-1270.

GENG Xiao-Yu, ZHANG Xiang, LIU Yang, ZUO Bo-Yuan, ZHU Wang, MA Wei-Yi, WANG Lu-Lu, MENG Tian-Yao, GAO Ping-Lei, CHEN Ying-Long, XU Ke, DAI Qi-Gen, WEI Huan-He. Grain yield and its characteristics of japonica/indica hybrids rice in coastal saline-alkali lands[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(5): 1253-1270.

图/表 10

表1

图1

表2

不同盐碱地下水稻产量及其构成因素"

年份/ 土壤类型 Year/soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	穗数 Number of panicles (×10⁴hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10⁷ hm^-2)	结实率 Filled-grain percentage (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	实产 Actual yield (t hm^-2)
2021
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	219	246	53.9	84.5	22.0	9.8
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	247	227	56.1	83.7	22.5	9.7
		平均 Mean	233 bc	237 a	55.0 a	84.1 c	22.3 cd	9.8 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	283	135	38.2	89.1	25.5	8.4
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	289	134	38.7	88.9	25.2	8.7
		平均 Mean	286 a	135 bc	38.5 c	89.0 a	25.4 a	8.6 b
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	237	164	38.9	87.3	23.7	7.5
		丰优香占 Fengyouxiangzhan	260	151	39.3	87.2	24.1	7.8
		平均 Mean	249 b	158 b	39.1 c	87.3 b	23.9 b	7.7 c
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	191	221	42.2	81.9	21.4	7.4
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	206	203	41.8	79.8	21.6	7.6
		平均 Mean	199 d	212 a	42.0 b	80.9 d	21.5 d	7.5 c
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	257	103	26.5	83.7	24.8	5.9
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	249	117	29.1	83.2	24.1	6.1
		平均 Mean	253 b	110 c	27.8 d	83.5 c	24.5 b	6.0 d
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	214	130	27.8	82.3	23.1	4.6
		丰优香占 Fengyouxiangzhan	210	133	27.9	81.8	22.9	4.9
		平均 Mean	212 cd	132 c	27.9 d	82.1 d	23.0 c	4.8 e
2022
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	227	238	54.0	83.7	21.4	9.0
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	235	225	52.9	83.1	21.9	9.5
		平均 Mean	231 cd	232 a	53.5 a	83.4 c	21.7 c	9.3 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	299	123	36.8	87.7	24.9	8.0
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	279	139	38.8	87.9	24.6	8.1
		平均 Mean	289 a	131 bc	37.8 c	87.8 a	24.8 a	8.1 b
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	249	156	38.8	86.1	23.5	7.3
		丰优香占 Fengyouxiangzhan	250	145	36.3	85.7	23.5	7.4
		平均 Mean	250 bc	151 b	37.6 c	85.9 b	23.5 b	7.4 c
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	199	213	42.4	79.3	20.4	6.8
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	218	193	42.1	79.0	20.8	7.0
		平均 Mean	209 d	203 a	42.3 b	79.2 f	20.6 d	6.9 d
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	271	99	26.8	82.5	24.0	5.3
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	263	111	29.2	82.4	23.5	5.7
		平均 Mean	267 ab	105 c	28.0 d	82.5 d	23.8 b	5.5 e
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	204	138	28.2	80.5	21.7	4.4
		丰优香占 Fengyouxiangzhan	218	121	26.4	80.6	22.1	4.5
		平均 Mean	211 d	130 bc	27.3 d	80.6 e	21.9 c	4.5 f

表2

表3

不同盐碱地下水稻群体茎蘖数及茎蘖成穗率"

年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	群体茎蘖数 Tiller number of rice population (×10⁴ hm^-2)			茎蘖成穗率 Percentage of productive tillers (%)
年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期Maturity	茎蘖成穗率 Percentage of productive tillers (%)
2021
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid ricee	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	363	251	233	64.2
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	376	272	257	68.4
		平均 Mean	370 b	262 bc	245 c	66.3 b
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	402	324	306	76.1
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	372	309	297	79.8
		平均 Mean	387 a	317 a	302 a	78.0 a
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	360	266	248	68.9
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	395	271	262	66.3
		平均 Mean	378 ab	269 b	255 bc	67.6 b
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	363	227	209	57.6
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	388	236	229	59.0
		平均 Mean	376 ab	232 d	219 d	58.3 c
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	377	294	277	73.5
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	368	278	269	73.1
		平均 Mean	373 b	286 b	273 b	73.3 a
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	340	236	225	66.2
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	364	246	234	65.2
		平均 Mean	352 c	241 cd	230 cd	65.7 b
2022
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	337	222	213	63.2
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	358	229	225	62.8
		平均 Mean	348 b	226 c	219 c	63.0 bc
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	384	287	275	71.6
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	366	278	270	73.8
		平均 Mean	375 a	283 a	273 a	72.7 a
中度盐碱地 MS	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	320	238	245	76.6
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	355	259	241	67.9
		平均 Mean	338 bc	249 b	243 bc	72.3 a
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	343	202	182	53.1
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	360	205	196	54.4
		平均 Mean	352 b	204 d	189 d	53.8 d
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	371	260	251	67.5
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	341	256	243	71.3
		平均 Mean	356 ab	258 b	247 b	69.4 ab
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	310	203	191	61.6
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	322	199	192	59.6
		平均 Mean	316 c	201 d	192 d	60.6 cd

表3

表4

不同盐碱地下水稻干物重、作物生长速率及收获指数"

年份/ 土壤类型 Year/ soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	群体干物重 Dry matter weight of population (t hm^-2)			作物生长速率 Crop growth rate (g m^-2 d^-1)		收获指数 Harvest index
年份/ 土壤类型 Year/ soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	拔节期至抽穗期 Jointing-Heading	抽穗期至成熟期 Heading-Maturity	收获指数 Harvest index
2021
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/ indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	4.7	10.7	17.7	22.2	8.1	0.476
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	4.6	10.5	17.5	23.6	7.9	0.477
		平均 Mean	4.7 a	10.6 a	17.6 a	22.9 a	8.0 a	0.477 c
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	5.0	8.9	14.1	15.6	5.8	0.512
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	4.7	9.0	14.4	17.9	5.9	0.520
		平均 Mean	4.9 a	9.0 b	14.3 b	16.8 b	5.9 b	0.516 b
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	5.2	8.3	13.0	10.3	6.1	0.496
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	4.8	8.6	13.7	13.1	6.4	0.490
		平均 Mean	5.0 a	8.5 c	13.4 c	11.7 c	6.3 b	0.493 c
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/ indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	3.0	7.7	11.8	15.7	5.3	0.539
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	3.5	7.9	12.0	15.2	5.1	0.545
		平均 Mean	3.3 b	7.8 d	11.9 d	15.5 b	5.2 c	0.542 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	3.4	6.2	9.5	7.8	4.9	0.534
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	3.8	6.3	10.1	6.8	5.4	0.519
		平均 Mean	3.6 b	6.3 e	9.8 e	7.3 d	5.2 c	0.527 ab
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	3.5	5.0	7.8	5.0	3.7	0.507
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	3.2	5.3	8.0	7.2	3.4	0.529
		平均 Mean	3.4 b	5.2 f	7.9 f	6.1 d	3.6 d	0.518 b
2022
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/ indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	4.5	10.1	16.5	20.7	7.4	0.469
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	4.6	10.7	16.5	24.4	6.5	0.495
		平均 Mean	4.6 a	10.4 a	16.5 a	22.6 a	7.0 a	0.482 b
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	4.8	8.3	13.7	14.0	6.1	0.502
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	4.4	8.8	14.2	18.3	5.9	0.491
		平均 Mean	4.6 a	8.6 b	14.0 b	16.2 b	6.0 b	0.497 ab
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	5.0	7.7	12.8	9.0	6.6	0.490
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	4.8	7.8	12.5	10.3	5.9	0.509
		平均 Mean	4.9 a	7.8 c	12.7 c	9.7 cd	6.3 b	0.500 ab
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/ indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	3.4	6.9	11.6	11.7	6.0	0.504
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	3.5	6.9	11.6	11.7	5.8	0.519
		平均 Mean	3.5 b	6.9 d	11.6 d	11.7 c	5.9 b	0.512 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	3.2	5.4	8.9	6.1	5.1	0.512
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	3.4	5.9	9.5	6.8	5.1	0.516
		平均 Mean	3.3 b	5.7 e	9.2 e	6.5 de	5.1 c	0.514 a
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	3.3	4.4	7.6	3.7	4.2	0.498
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	3.2	4.5	7.8	4.5	4.1	0.496
		平均 Mean	3.3 b	4.5 f	7.7 f	4.1 e	4.2 d	0.497 ab

表4

表5

不同盐碱地下水稻叶面积指数"

年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	叶面积指数 Leaf area index (m² m^-2)			抽穗至成熟期叶面积指数衰减率 Reduction of leaf area index from heading to maturity (m² d^-1 m^-2)
年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity
2021
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	4.14	7.24	3.21	4.5
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	4.02	7.10	3.10	4.4
		平均 Mean	4.08 ab	7.17 a	3.16 a	4.5 c
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	3.66	7.06	2.88	5.2
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	3.75	7.27	2.99	5.3
		平均 Mean	3.71 c	7.17 a	2.94 b	5.3 b
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	4.47	7.34	2.62	6.7
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	4.18	7.25	2.51	5.9
		平均 Mean	4.33 a	7.30 a	2.57 d	6.3 a
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	3.31	6.28	2.89	3.9
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	3.26	6.26	2.77	3.9
		平均 Mean	3.29 d	6.27 bc	2.83 b	3.9 c
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	3.15	6.15	2.62	4.6
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	3.19	6.12	2.66	4.4
		平均 Mean	3.17 d	6.14 c	2.64 d	4.5 c
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	3.93	6.34	2.29	6.0
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	3.61	6.46	2.36	5.4
		平均 Mean	3.77 bc	6.40 b	2.33 e	5.7 ab
2022
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	3.86	7.18	3.09	4.6
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	3.80	7.00	3.02	4.4
		平均 Mean	3.83 b	7.09 a	3.06 a	4.5 c
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	3.52	7.00	2.76	5.3
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	3.67	7.13	2.95	5.2
		平均 Mean	3.60 b	7.07 a	2.86 b	5.3 b
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	4.21	7.28	2.50	6.8
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	4.08	7.17	2.45	5.9
		平均 Mean	4.15 a	7.23 a	2.48 d	6.4 a
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	3.13	6.20	2.80	4.0
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	3.02	6.20	2.69	3.9
		平均 Mean	3.08 c	6.20 bc	2.75 b	4.0 c
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	3.03	6.01	2.56	4.5
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	3.15	6.04	2.64	4.4
		平均 Mean	3.09 c	6.03 c	2.60 c	4.5 c
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	3.71	6.20	2.19	5.9
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	3.49	6.34	2.24	5.4
		平均 Mean	3.60 b	6.27 bc	2.22 e	5.7 b

表5

表6

不同盐碱地下水稻光合势"

年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	光合势 Leaf area duration (m² d m^-2)
年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	播种期至拔节期 Sowing-Jointing	拔节期至抽穗期 Jointing-Heading	抽穗期至成熟期 Heading-Maturity
2021
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	74.5	142.3	465.0
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	70.4	133.4	464.1
		平均 Mean	72.4 cd	137.9 bc	464.6 a
	常规粳稻Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	82.4	155.4	397.6
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	82.5	159.8	415.5
		平均 Mean	82.5 b	157.6 abc	406.6 b
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	98.3	218.5	348.6
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	87.8	165.7	390.4
		平均 Mean	93.1 a	192.1 a	369.5 cd
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	59.6	129.5	394.3
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	57.1	119.0	401.8
		平均 Mean	58.4 e	124.3 c	398.1 bc
	常规粳稻Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	70.9	139.5	337.6
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	70.2	139.7	342.4
		平均 Mean	70.6 d	139.6 bc	340.0 de
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	86.5	184.9	293.4
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	75.8	151.1	335.2
		平均 Mean	81.2 bc	168.0 ab	314.3 e
2022
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	69.5	138.0	457.0
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	66.5	129.6	455.9
		平均 Mean	68.0 c	133.8 bc	456.5 a
	常规粳稻Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	79.2	152.5	390.4
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	80.7	156.6	408.2
		平均 Mean	80.0 b	154.6 abc	399.3 b
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	92.6	212.6	342.3
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	85.7	163.1	384.8
		平均 Mean	89.2 a	187.9 a	363.6 cd
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	56.3	126.0	387.0
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	52.9	115.3	395.6
		平均 Mean	54.6 d	120.7 c	391.3 bc
	常规粳稻Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	68.2	135.6	329.9
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	69.3	137.9	338.5
		平均 Mean	68.7 c	136.8 bc	334.2 de
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	81.6	178.4	285.3
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	73.3	147.5	326.0
		平均 Mean	77.5 b	163.0 ab	305.7 e

表6

表7

不同盐碱地下水稻株高及上三叶形态"

年份/ 土壤类型 Year/ soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	株高 Plant height	叶长 Leaf length (cm)			叶宽 Leaf width (cm)
年份/ 土壤类型 Year/ soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	株高 Plant height	倒一叶 Flag leaf	倒二叶 Top second leaf	倒三叶 Top third leaf	倒一叶 Flag leaf	倒二叶 Top second leaf	倒三叶 Top third leaf
2021
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	108.3	38.7	43.6	45.6	2.1	1.7	1.8
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	125.4	40.6	54.8	57.0	2.0	1.6	1.3
		平均 Mean	116.9 a	39.7 a	49.2 a	51.3 a	2.1 a	1.7 a	1.6 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	89.7	32.0	36.8	35.3	1.4	1.1	0.9
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	103.4	32.7	38.7	34.5	1.4	1.0	1.1
		平均 Mean	95.6 b	32.4 b	37.8 bc	34.9 c	1.4 bc	1.1 b	1.0 bc
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	114.2	34.5	44.0	34.2	1.6	1.2	1.1
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	124.0	38.0	41.9	45.6	1.6	1.1	1.3
		平均 Mean	119.1 a	36.3 a	43.0 b	39.9 bc	1.6 b	1.2 b	1.2 bc
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	85.5	33.7	43.3	44.4	2.1	1.8	1.5
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	110.8	39.9	53.6	56.1	2.1	1.6	1.4
		平均 Mean	98.2 b	36.8 a	48.5 a	50.3 a	2.1 a	1.7 a	1.5 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	85.3	26.4	32.6	32.8	1.0	0.9	0.8
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	89.6	22.9	31.5	31.2	1.3	1.1	0.8
		平均 Mean	87.5 c	24.7 bc	32.1 c	32.0 c	1.2 c	1.0 b	0.8 c
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	101.6	18.4	27.4	29.8	1.1	1.2	1.1
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	116.5	27.2	36.1	42.3	1.4	1.2	1.1
		平均 Mean	109.1 ab	22.8 c	31.8 c	36.1 bc	1.3 c	1.2 b	1.1 bc
2022
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	113.3	40.3	44.4	44.8	2.1	1.9	1.6
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	114.6	39.4	53.0	56.2	1.9	1.6	1.3
		平均 Mean	114.0 a	39.9 a	48.7 a	50.5 a	2.0 a	1.8 a	1.5 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	82.1	30.2	35.2	34.1	1.6	1.1	0.9
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	97.0	29.3	36.1	31.7	1.2	1.2	1.0
		平均 Mean	89.6 b	29.8 bc	36.7 b	32.9 c	1.4 c	1.2 c	1.0 b
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	116.8	34.9	47.2	36.2	1.6	1.4	1.1
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	128.8	39.2	45.7	41.4	1.8	1.3	0.9
		平均 Mean	122.8 a	37.1 b	46.5 b	38.8 bc	1.7 b	1.4 bc	1.0 b
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	88.1	36.1	43.5	43.2	2.1	1.6	1.5
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	103.2	38.5	51.8	55.1	2.0	1.6	1.4
		平均 Mean	95.7 b	37.3 b	47.7 a	49.2 ab	2.1 a	1.6 ab	1.5 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	82.9	25.0	31.8	30.8	1.2	0.9	0.8
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	87.7	21.5	30.1	30.0	1.1	1.1	0.9
		平均 Mean	85.3 b	23.3 c	31.0 b	30.4 c	1.2 c	1.0 c	0.9 b
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	104.4	21.0	29.2	27.6	0.9	1.0	0.9
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	124.7	28.6	37.1	39.5	1.6	1.2	1.1
		平均 Mean	114.6 a	24.8 c	33.2 b	33.6 c	1.3 c	1.1 c	1.0 b

表7

表8

不同盐碱地下水稻叶片SPAD值"

年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	叶片SPAD值Leaf SPAD value
年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	抽穗期 Heading	抽穗后15 d 15 days after heading	抽穗后30 d 30 days after heading	抽穗后45 d 45 days after heading	成熟期 Maturity
2021
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	47.7	49.0	44.6	32.0	12.5
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	48.6	46.7	44.3	32.4	13.1
		平均 Mean	48.2 a	47.9 a	44.5 a	32.2 a	12.8 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	48.9	46.9	45.6	35.4	12.8
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	47.3	48.0	42.7	34.2	12.4
		平均 Mean	48.1 a	47.5 a	44.2 a	34.8 a	12.6 a
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	40.6	40.2	26.1	16.5	7.8
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	36.5	37.4	25.6	17.0	6.8
		平均 Mean	38.6 b	38.8 ab	25.9 bc	16.8 c	7.3 c
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	48.3	48.7	35.9	24.5	10.2
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	47.6	44.5	40.5	25.7	11.2
		平均 Mean	48.0 a	46.6 a	38.2 a	25.1 b	10.7 b
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	45.3	45.3	33.6	27.0	8.9
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	46.3	44.8	28.5	24.4	7.1
		平均 Mean	45.8 a	45.1 a	31.1 b	25.7 b	8.0 c
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	37.5	27.8	25.2	15.4	7.5
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	38.4	37.2	20.7	10.3	5.9
		平均 Mean	38.0 b	32.5 b	23.0 c	12.9 c	6.7 d
2022
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	50.3	52.2	47.4	30.6	10.7
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	44.8	41.9	40.5	27.8	12.1
		平均 Mean	47.6 a	47.1 a	44.0 a	29.2 b	11.4 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	44.9	44.1	45.2	32.2	11.5
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	48.7	47.4	39.7	32.6	11.7
		平均 Mean	46.8 a	45.8 a	42.5 a	32.4 a	11.6 a
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	39.6	38.0	24.9	19.1	7.2
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	38.1	37.8	23.4	16.6	7.7
		平均 Mean	38.9 b	37.9 ab	24.2 c	17.9 d	7.5 bc
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	49.1	47.1	33.1	23.3	9.0
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	45.4	43.5	38.9	22.7	10.7
		平均 Mean	47.3 a	45.3 a	36.0 ab	23.0 c	9.9 b
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	47.3	42.1	30.4	24.8	8.6
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	43.3	42.2	26.3	24.0	8.9
		平均 Mean	45.3 a	42.2 ab	28.4 bc	24.4 c	8.8 b
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	40.1	22.6	21.6	15.2	7.1
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	36.0	34.2	21.8	13.5	6.7
		平均 Mean	38.1 b	28.4 b	21.7 c	14.4 e	6.9 c

表8

表9

不同盐碱地下水稻叶片光合速率"

年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种 Cultivar	叶片光合速率 Leaf photosynthetic rate (µmol m^-2 s^-1)
			抽穗后20 d 20 days after heading	抽穗后40 d 40 days after heading
			2021
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	22.1	15.7
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	21.9	14.1
		平均 Mean	22.0 a	14.9 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	21.6	13.8
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	21.4	13.5
		平均 Mean	21.5 a	13.7 ab
中度盐碱地 MS	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	20.7	12.7
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	20.3	13.1
		平均 Mean	20.5 b	12.9 b
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	17.1	11.2
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	16.7	10.3
		平均 Mean	16.9 c	10.8 c
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	15.2	9.5
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	16.0	9.3
		平均 Mean	15.6 d	9.4 d
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	15.1	9.6
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	14.4	9.2
		平均 Mean	14.8 d	9.4 d
2022
中度盐碱地 MS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	23.1	15.1
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	21.5	13.3
		平均 Mean	22.3 a	14.2 a
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	21.0	13.2
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	22.4	13.1
		平均 Mean	21.7 a	13.2 a
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	21.5	13.7
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	20.9	12.5
		平均 Mean	21.2 a	13.1 a
重度盐碱地 HS	籼粳杂交稻 Japonica/indica hybrid rice	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	16.3	12.0
		甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	17.7	10.5
		平均 Mean	17.0 b	11.3 b
	常规粳稻 Conventional japonica rice	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	16.0	10.1
		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	15.8	9.9
		平均 Mean	15.9 b	10.0 bc
	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372	14.1	9.2
		丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan	15.6	8.8
		平均 Mean	14.9 b	9.0 c

表9

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江苏省滨海盐碱地籼粳杂交稻产量优势形成特征

Grain yield and its characteristics of japonica/indica hybrids rice in coastal saline-alkali lands

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年份 Year	土壤类型 Soil type	pH	饱和浸提液电导率 ECe (dS m^-1)	有机质含量 Organic carbon content (g kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg kg^-1)
2021	中度盐碱地MS	7.9	2.3	16.7	1.1	25.3	70.6
	重度盐碱地HS	8.3	7.9	10.3	0.4	15.9	88.1
2022	中度盐碱地MS	7.7	2.5	17.1	1.1	24.8	72.4
	重度盐碱地HS	8.5	7.5	11.2	0.5	16.3	86.9

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