小麦幼苗从低光到强光适应过程中光合和抗氧化酶变化

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00449

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究小麦对强光的响应过程，以小偃54幼苗为试材，检测了强光处理0、1、3、8、24和48 h的光合速率、叶绿素含量、最大光化学效率、抗氧化酶活性及色素结合蛋白基因的表达变化。结果表明，当小麦从低光转入强光后，净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)变化呈单峰曲线，均在强光8 h达到最大值，而在强光48 h下降至强光处理前的水平；叶绿素b含量降低，叶绿素a/b升高；PSII最大光化学效率降低，热耗散增强；抗氧化酶如SOD、CAT、APX和GR活力诱导增强，均在强光处理48 h达最大值。强光处理8 h后LHCII亚基基因表达受到明显抑制，强光处理48 h降至最低，早期光诱导蛋白基因在强光处理3 h诱导表达，而在强光处理8 h后表达量降低，叶黄素循环的关键酶VDE和ZEP基因的表达也在强光处理48 h降至最低。

关键词: 小麦, 强光, 光氧化, 基因表达

Abstract:

When plants absorb excessive light energy, a large number of reactive oxygen species is generally produced resulting in the degradation of DNA, proteins, and pigments in plants. For wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in North China, the photooxidation induced by high light (HL) during grain-filling period usually causes great losses in grain yield. It is important to understand the mechanism of wheat plant in response to HL for HL-tolerant breeding in wheat. Xiaoyan 54, a wheat cultivar with high resistance to HL, is an ideal material to disclose photosynthesis characteristics of wheat when exposed to HL. In this study, the third-leaf seedlings of Xiaoyan 54 were grown under the condition low light to HL in a growth chamber. The seedlings were sampled at 0, 1, 3, 8, 24, and 48 h of HL treatment. Simultaneously, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), chlorophyll content (Chl), and fluorescence parameters were measured with the second leaf. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), were also determined. In addition, expression pattern of the pigment binding protein related genes were evaluated. The results showed that P_n increased in the photosynthetic induction stage that was from 0 h to 8 h of HL treatment, but decreased continuously during the photoinhibition stage that was from 8 h to 48 h of HL treatment. The maximum P_n value of 18 μmol CO₂ m^-2s^-1 was observed at the 8 h timepoint of HL treatment. The parameters G_s, C_i, and T_r changed similarly to P_n and reached the peaks at the 8 h timepoint of treatment. The contents of total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a only changed slightly during the 48 h of HL treatment. In contrast, chlorophyll b reduced significantly from 24 h to 48 h of treatment, and the ratio of chlorophyll a/b increased from 8 h to 48 h of HL treatment. At one hour of HL treatment, the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (F_v/F_m), the maximum fluorescence (F_m), and variable fluorescence (F_v) were down-regulated significantly, when the heat dissipation was enhanced. The activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR were induced to higher levels with the highest value at 24 h timepoint of HL treatment. From 8 h to 48 h of HL treatment, the Talhcb genes, encoding LHCII subunits, were down-regulated at the RNA levels. At the early stage of HL treatment (0–3 h), TaELIP1 and TaELIP3 were induced, but repressed from 8 h to 48 h. As key enzymes in xanthophyll cycle, the transcripts of TaVDE and TaZEP responded differently to HL treatment. The expression of TaVDE decreased remarkably at 8 h of HL treatment and maintained a rather low level till 48 h. However, the expression of TaZEP showed an increase trend from 3 h to 24 h, and decreased at 48 h. In conclusion, when wheat seedlings exposed to continuous HL for 48 h, photooxidative stress occurred resulting in reductions of P_n, F_v/F_m, Chl b, and the expressions of pigment binding protein genes, but activation of the antioxidantenzymes.

Key words: Wheat, High light, Photooxidation, Gene expression

李宏伟，李滨，郑琪，李振声. 小麦幼苗从低光到强光适应过程中光合和抗氧化酶变化[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(3): 449-456.

LI Hong-Wei,LI Bin,ZHENG Qi,LI Zhen-Sheng. Variation in Photosynthetic Traits and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Wheat Seedlings Transferred from Low to High Light Growth Condition[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(3): 449-456.

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