作物学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (07): 1183-1191.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01183
王红光,于振文*,张永丽,王东
WANG Hong-Guang,YU Zhen-Wen*,ZHANG Yong-Li,WANG Dong
摘要:
于2007—2008和2008—2009小麦生长季, 以高产中筋冬小麦品种济麦22为材料, 采用测墒补灌的方法, 研究推迟拔节水及不同灌水水平对冬小麦耗水量、耗水来源、单位土地面积上旗叶叶面积和蒸腾速率、株间蒸发量、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明, 测墒补灌后0~140 cm土层能够达到目标含水量。相同补灌时期, 随补灌水平的提高, 拔节至开花阶段日耗水量增大, 0~120 cm土层贮水消耗量减小, 生育期总灌水量和田间耗水量增加, 土壤贮水消耗量先增加后减小, 土壤贮水消耗量和降水量占田间耗水量的比例降低。相同补灌水平, 由拔节期推迟至拔节后10 d补灌则麦田日耗水量减小, 挑旗期日耗水量增大, 拔节至开花阶段80~120 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量增加, 生育期总灌水量和田间耗水量亦增加, 降水量、灌水量和土壤贮水消耗量占田间耗水量的比例不变; 灌浆初期单位土地面积上旗叶叶面积和蒸腾速率降低, 株间蒸发量增加; 公顷穗数降低, 穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量、水分利用效率和灌水生产效率增加。本试验条件下, 在拔节后10 d补灌至0~140 cm土层平均土壤相对含水量为75%, 开花期补灌至70% (2007—2008年度)是兼顾节水、高产的最优处理。
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