小麦抗倒指数遗传及其与茎秆特性的相关分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00452

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为给小麦抗倒育种提供参考依据，利用7个茎秆抗倒指数不同的小麦品种为亲本，按Griffing双列杂交法Ⅱ配制21个杂交组合，研究小麦抗倒指数的遗传及其与茎秆特性的相关。结果表明，在7个小麦品种中，扬麦9号和宁麦8号抗倒指数的一般配合力最好，能极显著地提高杂种后代的抗倒指数。小麦抗倒指数的遗传符合加性-显性模型，同时受加性和显性效应的作用，且显性效应更重要，显性程度为完全显性到超显性。控制抗倒指数遗传的增效等位基因为隐性，增、减效等位基因频率在亲本中的分配无明显差异。扬麦9号和宁麦8号具有较多控制抗倒指数遗传的隐性基因，而望水白和苏麦3号具有控制抗倒指数遗传较多的显性基因。抗倒指数可能受3~4对主效基因的控制，狭义遗传力中等。相关分析表明，抗倒指数与基部第二节间粗、基部第一、二节间充实度呈显著或极显著遗传正相关；与基部第一、二节间长、穗下节间长、株高和重心高度呈极显著遗传负相关。

关键词: 小麦, 抗倒指数, 加性-显性模型, 茎秆特性

Abstract: Lodging is a big problem in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, which severely influences wheat yield and quality. Lodging resistance varies among wheat varieties, and its inheritance has been rarely studied yet. The objecive of this study was to explore the genetic mechanism of culm lodging resistance index (CLRI) and its correlations with culm traitistics. Using seven wheat cultivars with diverse resistance to lodging (CLRI varying from 6.31 to 13.87), 21 crosses were obtained by the Griffing diallel-cross design. Parents Yangmai 9 and Ningmai 8 had the largest general combining ability for CLRI and significantly increased the CLRI in their crossing progenies. The inheritance of CLRI was in agreement with the additive–dominance model. Both additive and dominant effects were significant, and dominant effect was more important than the additive effect. The degree of dominance was from complete dominance to superdominance. The alleles increasing CLRI were recessive. The frequencies of alleles that increased or reduced CLRI were not significantly different among the seven parents. Yangmai 9 and Ningmai 8 had more recessive genes controlling CLRI, while Wangshuibai and Sumai 3 had more dominant genes. CLRI might be controlled by three or four pairs of major recessive genes with moderate narrow sense heritability. Correlation analysis showed that CLRI was positively correlated with diameter of the second basal internode (r = 0.4062, P < 0.05), filling degree of the first basal internode (r = 0.7743, P < 0.01), and filling degree of the second basal internode (r = 0.8712, P < 0.01); but negatively correlated with length of the first basal internode (r = -0.7064, P < 0.01), length of the second basal internode (r = -0.8182, P < 0.01), length of internode below spike (r = -0.8432, P < 0.01), plant height (r = -0.8737, P < 0.01), and height of gravity center (r = -0.9259, P < 0.01). Yangmai 9 and Ningmai 8 are recommended as important parents in logding-resistant breeding. Because CLRI is controlled by recessive genes and its narrow sense heritability is moderate, a relatively large population is suggested in early breeding generations and the phenotypic selection should not be too intensive.

Key words: Wheat, Lodging resistance index, Additive-dominance model, Culm traitistics

姚金保, 张平平, 任丽娟, 杨学明, 马鸿翔, 姚国才, 张鹏, 周淼平. 小麦抗倒指数遗传及其与茎秆特性的相关分析[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(03): 452-458.

TAO Jin-Bao, ZHANG Ping-Ping, REN Li-Juan, YANG Xue-Ming, MA Hong-Xiang, YAO Guo-Cai, ZHANG Peng, ZHOU Miao-Ping. Inheritance of Lodging Resistance Index and Its Correlations with Culm Traits in Wheat[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(03): 452-458.

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