大豆嫁接体系中砧木或接穗保留叶片数对接穗生长发育的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00650

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以早熟品种黑河27为砧木，晚熟品种自贡冬豆为接穗，通过嫁接并结合去叶处理，创造砧木和接穗叶片数各不相同的嫁接体，观察砧木及接穗的叶片数目对接穗发育的效应，分析大豆叶片中可传导开花诱导物质和抑制物质的有无、作用方式及其对植株发育的影响。结果表明，在长日照(16 h)条件下，与黑河27嫁接，导致自贡冬豆在嫁接后第30天(出苗后第41天)开花，而自体嫁接的自贡冬豆在试验结束前(>120 d)仍未开花，说明在非诱导光照条件(长日照)下，早熟品种黑河27的叶片可产生可传导的开花促进物质，并通过嫁接传导至晚熟品种自贡冬豆的顶端分生组织，诱导其实现成花转变。砧木诱导接穗开花的效应大小与其所保留的叶片数目呈正比，证明上述可传导物质对大豆开花的促进作用存在剂量效应。接穗去叶可导致自身花期提前，花数增加，显示晚熟接穗的叶片在长日照下可产生开花抑制物质。接穗上的花朵和荚果数目与其保留叶片数呈反比，证明开花抑制物质阻止生殖器官的发育，且其作用也具有剂量效应。接穗去叶部位对其成花发育状态亦有一定影响。本文提出，在大豆生长发育过程中，叶片根据光周期信号的变化，调节开花促进物质和开花抑制物质的多少和比例，进而协调营养生长和生殖生长的进度，保证生命周期的完成。

关键词: 大豆, 嫁接, 保留叶片数, 可传导开花物质, 剂量效应

Abstract: To elucidate whether there exist floral stimuli and inhibitors in flowering process, what the underlying mechanism is, and how they regulate plant growth and development, we used the early-maturing soybean cultivar Heihe 27 and late-maturing cultivar Zigongdongdou as stock and scion, respectively to make graf in which scions and stocks had different leaf numbers in combination with defoliation, and to study the effect of leaf number of stock and scion on the reproductive development. Under long-day (16 h) conditions, Zigongdongdou scions flowered at day 30 after being grafted onto Heihe 27 stocks, while its self-grafts failed to flower until the experiment finished (over 120 days). It suggested that under noninductive photoperiods (long-day), the transmissible floral stimuli were produced in the leaves of the early-maturing Heihe 27 and moved to the apical meristem of the late-maturing Zigongdongdou to induce the scion to flower. And the effect of the stock on the flowering of the scion was dependent on the number of leaves remained in the stock. It indicated that there exists an accumulative effect of the transmissible stimuli on soybean flowering. Defoliation on scions promoted flowering and increased flower number, which showed that some floral inhibitors were produced in the leaves of scions under long-day conditions. The number of flowers and pods on scions negatively correlated with the number of remained scion leaves. It indicated that the floral inhibitors suppress the development of the reproductive organs, and the inhibitions have an accumulative effect as well. The node location where scions were defoliated also had an effect on the flowering development. It was proposed that, during the growth and development of soybean, leaves regulate the amount and balance of floral stimuli and inhibitors based on photoperiodic signals, consequently trigger the proceeding from vegetative growth to the reproductive development to ensure the completion of life cycle.

Key words: Soybean, Graft, Maintained leaf number, Transmissible floral substance, Accumulative effect

贾贞, 吴存祥, 王妙, 孙洪波, 侯文胜, 蒋炳军, 韩天富. 大豆嫁接体系中砧木或接穗保留叶片数对接穗生长发育的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(04): 650-660.

GU Zhen, TUN Cun-Xiang, WANG Miao, SUN Hong-Bei, HOU Wen-Qing, JIANG Bing-Jun, HAN Tian-Fu. Effects of Leaf Number of Stock or Scion in Graft Union on Scion Growth and Development of Soybean[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(04): 650-660.

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