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作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (04): 694-702.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00694

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖北双季稻区免耕直播油菜生长及产量形成

王翠翠,陈爱武,王积军,张冬晓,汤松,周广生*,胡立勇,吴江生,傅廷栋   

  1. 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院，湖北武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2010-09-09 修回日期:2011-01-06 出版日期:2011-04-12 网络出版日期:2011-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 周广生, E-mail: zhougs@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家科技支撑计划项目(2010BAD01B09)和国家油菜现代产业技术体系项目(nycytx-00510)资助。

Growth and Yield Formation of No-Tillage Direct-Seeding Rapeseed in Hubei Double Cropping Rice Area

WANG Cui-Cui,CHEN Ai-Wu,WANG Ji-Jun,ZHANG Dong-Xiao,TANG Song,ZHOU Guang-Sheng*,HU Li-Yong,WU Jiang-Sheng,FU Ting-Dong   

  1. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Received:2010-09-09 Revised:2011-01-06 Published:2011-04-12 Published online:2011-02-24
  • Contact: 周广生, E-mail: zhougs@mail.hzau.edu.cn

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1553

被引次数

46

摘要： 长江流域双季稻区因茬口紧、土壤黏重，晚稻收获后大都未种植下茬作物而形成冬闲田。本研究以华双5号油菜品种为材料，在湖北双季稻区三试验点进行裂区试验，测定油菜各生育期在不同氮素及密度水平下的个体及群体指标，成熟期考察经济性状及产量构成，为双季稻区免耕直播油菜示范及管理提供依据。结果表明：(1)双季稻区免耕直播油菜全生育期尤其是苗期显著缩短，苗期生长量严重不足，蕾薹期至开花期油菜生长快，春发特性明显；(2)氮肥及种植密度水平对双季稻区免耕直播油菜生长及产量有着显著影响，增施氮肥可改善个体素质、增加产量，提高密度可提高群体素质、增加产量；(3)湖北各试点每公顷纯氮用量270 kg、种植密度为45万株及60万株处理的产量均接近或达到2 250 kg hm–2，超湖北平均单产，说明油菜免耕直播栽培模式可在湖北双季稻区试验示范；(4)生产实践中，应重视氮肥与密度的双重调节，以肥促长、以密补迟，相互配合。

关键词: 油菜, 双季稻区, 免耕直播, 产量

Abstract: After harvest of late rice, most farmlands in the Yangtze River basin are often fallow through winter due to tight rotation and heavy clay soil. For evaluating the possibility in application of the no-tillage and direct-seeding model for rapeseed production in the double cropping rice area, the split-plot experiments were carried out in the three locations in double cropping rice area of Hubei. Several parameters related to growth in terms of plant individual and population, grain yield and its components were measured under the three nitrogen levels and at four planting densities. The results showed that: (1) the no-tillage and direct-seeding decreased  growth duration, especially the seedling stage, and biomass accumulation from emergence to the early budding stage, while increased growth at the late budding stage in spring; (2) nitrogen rate and planting density had significant effects on growth and yield of rapeseed by improving the individual and population qualities; (3) the yields of rapeseed achieved 2 250 kg ha–1 at the planting densities of 45×104–60×104 plants hm–2 under the nitrogen level of 270 kg ha–1, which exceeded the average yield in Hubei. The results suggested the no-tillage and direct seeding model for rape planting could be applied in double cropping rice area of Hubei, and the optimization in nitrogen rate and planting density could result in high yield of rapeseed.

Key words: Rapeseed, Double cropping rice area, No-tillage directly seed, Yield

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