灌溉方式对减轻水稻高温危害的作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00107

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明灌溉方式对减缓水稻高温危害的影响，以中籼水稻品种黄华占和双桂1号为材料，在抽穗灌浆期进行高温(白天/夜间平均温度为35.1℃/20.8℃)和正常温度(白天/夜间平均温度为29.0℃/20.8℃)处理并设置轻干湿交替灌溉(土壤落干至土水势为-15 kPa时复水)、重干湿交替灌溉(土壤落干至土水势为-30 kPa时复水)和水层灌溉(对照) 3种灌溉方式，观测产量和品质形成的特点。结果表明，在相同温度尤其是在高温胁迫下，与水层灌溉相比，轻干湿交替灌溉显著增加结实率、千粒重和产量，增加出糙率、精米率和整精米率，降低垩白米率和垩白度，增大崩解值，减小消减值，重干湿交替灌溉的结果则相反。两品种结果趋势基本一致。说明抽穗结实期遭受高温胁迫，采用轻干湿交替灌溉方式可以获得较高的产量和较好的稻米品质。冠层相对湿度降低、叶片活性氧(O₂^?)生成速率减小、抗氧化物质抗坏血酸和还原型谷胱甘肽含量增加、内源细胞分裂素浓度及籽粒亚精胺和精胺浓度的提高是轻干湿交替灌溉方式减轻水稻高温危害的重要生态生理原因。

关键词: 水稻, 高温, 灌溉方式, 产量, 品质, 生理机制

Abstract: Possible irrigation patterns to reduce the injury of high temperature to rice growth and development were studied using two mid-season indica cultivars of Huanghuazhan and Shuanggui 1. Both high temperature (mean temperature during the day/night at 35.1℃/20.8℃) and normal temperature (mean temperature during the day/night at 29.0℃/20.8℃) treatments and three irrigation patterns, including alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (MD, plants were re-watered when soil water potential reached to -15 kPa), alternate wetting and severe soil drying (SD, plants were re-watered when soil water potential reached to -30 kPa), and well-watered (control, continuously flooded), were conducted during heading and grain filling. The grain yield and quality of rice were investigated. The results showed that under either normal or high temperature, compared with the control, the MD significantly increased seed-setting rate, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, brown rice, milled rice and head rice, and reduced chalky grains and chalkiness degree. The MD also increased the break down viscosity and decreased the setback viscosity. The SD showed the opposite effects. The two cultivars behaved the same. These results indicated that the MD may maintain a higher grain yield and better quality of rice under high temperature. The reduction of relative humidity in the panicle canopy, decreased reactive oxygen (O₂^?) production rate, elevated contents of ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, and increased concentrations of cytokinins in leaves and spermidine and spermine in grains are the ecological and physiological reasons for reducing harms of high temperature to rice by the MD regime.

Key words: Rice, High temperature, Irrigation patterns, Grain yield, Quality, Physiological mechanism

段骅, 俞正华, 徐云姬, 王志琴, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 灌溉方式对减轻水稻高温危害的作用[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(01): 107-120.

DUAN Hua, SHU Zheng-Hua, XU Yun-Ji, WANG Zhi-Qin, LIU Li-Jun, YANG Jian-Chang. Role of Irrigation Patterns in Reducing Harms of High Temperature to Rice[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(01): 107-120.

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