欢迎访问作物学报,今天是

作物学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 121-128.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00121

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥水平和种植密度对冬小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响

王成雨,代兴龙,石玉华,王振林,陈晓光,贺明荣*   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院 / 作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2011-03-14 修回日期:2011-09-09 出版日期:2012-01-12 网络出版日期:2011-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 贺明荣, E-mail: mrhe@sdau.edu.cn, Tel: 0538-8242309
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118602)和国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103030)资助。

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Plant Density on Lodging Resistance in Winter Wheat

WANG Cheng-Yu, DAI Xing-Long, SHI Yu-Hua, WANG Zhen-Lin, CHEN Xiao-Guang,HE Ming-Rong*   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, 271018, China
  • Received:2011-03-14 Revised:2011-09-09 Published:2012-01-12 Published online:2011-09-29
  • Contact: 贺明荣, E-mail: mrhe@sdau.edu.cn, Tel: 0538-8242309

摘要: 以中穗型小麦品种山农15为材料,在2个氮肥水平(180 kg hm-2和240 kg hm-2)和2个密度(150×104 hm-2和225×104 hm-2)下,研究了抗倒性能相关的形态学特征、茎基部节间化学组分、抗倒指数(茎秆机械强度/茎秆重心高度)、木质素合成相关酶活性和籽粒产量的变化特点,以及抗倒指数与形态学和生化指标的相关性。结果表明,施氮水平和种植密度间存在显著的互作效应,当施氮水平由180 kg hm-2增至240 kg hm-2或种植密度由150×104 hm-2增加到225×104 hm-2时,茎秆重心高度、基部节间长度显著提高,基部节间直径、厚度、充实度、机械强度和抗倒指数显著降低,同时茎秆基部节间纤维素含量、木质素含量显著减少,含氮量显著升高,碳氮比(C/N比)以及木质素合成相关酶活性显著降低。逐步回归分析表明,氮肥水平对小麦抗倒性的影响大于种植密度。本试验条件下,氮肥水平180 kg hm-2和种植密度为150×104 hm-2的处理穗数较低,但穗粒数和千粒重显著高于其它处理,因而籽粒产量最高。建议在降低氮肥用量至180 kg hm-2的同时降低种植密度至150×104 hm-2,可在增强植株抗倒伏能力的同时获得高产。

关键词: 冬小麦, 氮肥水平, 种植密度, 抗倒性能, 产量

Abstract: To make clear on the effects of nitrogen (N) application and plant density on lodging resistance and grain yield of winter wheat, we carried out a field experiment with split-plot design using a middle-spike cultivar, Shannong 15, in Tai’an, Shandong Province, China in 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 growing seasons. The main plot was N application rate with levels of 180 (N1) and 240 kg ha-1 (N2), and the subplot was plant density with levels of 1.50 (D1) and 2.25 million plants per hectare (D2). The lodging-resistance-related traits including morphological characters, chemical components in basal internode, culm lodging resistance index (CLRI), activities of enzymes involved in lignin synthesis, and grain yield weremeasuredin different growth stages. The results showed that the grain yield was decreased with the increase of N rate or plant density, and the largest grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield were observed in the N1D1 treatment. The culm height of center of gravity and length of basal internode were larger in the N1 or D1 treatment than in the N2 or D2 treatment, whereas, the diameter, thickness, filling degree, and mechanical strength of the basal internode and the CLRI value showed an opposite trend. With the increase of N rate or plant density, the cellulose content, lignin content, C/N ratio of basal internode were decreased but the N content was increased. The interaction between N rate and plant density was significant, which resulted in poor lodging resistance under high N rate plus high plant density. Stepwize regression analysis indicated that N rate had more important effect on lodging resistance than plant density. Therefore, under the experimental condition in this study, the N1D1 treatment (180 kg ha-1 of pure N and 1.50 million plants per hectare) is a proper combination of N application and plant density, which may not only improve lodging resistance of winter wheat but also obtain high grain yield.

Key words: Winter wheat, Rate of nitrogen application, Plant density, Lodging resistance, Grain yield

[1]Wei F-Z(魏凤珍), Li J-C(李金才), Wang C-Y(王成雨), Qu H-J(屈会娟), Shen X-S(沈学善). Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer application model on culm lodging resistance in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2008, 34(6): 1080-1085 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]Li J-C(李金才), Yin J(尹钧), Wei F-Z(魏凤珍). Effects of planting density on characters of culm and culm lodging resistant index in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2005, 31(5): 662-666 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Cui Z L, Zhang F S, Chen X P, Dou Z X, Li J L. In-season nitrogen management strategy for winter wheat: maximizing yields, minimizing environmental impact in an over-fertilization context. Field Crops Res, 2010, 116: 140-146
[4]Zhang F-S(张福锁), Wang J-Q(王激清), Zhang W-F(张卫峰), Cui Z-L(崔振岭), Ma W-Q(马文奇), Chen X-P(陈新平), Jiang R-F(江荣风). Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedol Sin (土壤学报), 2008, 45(5): 915-923 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Tripathi S C, Sayre K D, Kaul J N, Narang R S. Growth and morphology of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) culms and their association with lodging: effects of genotypes, N levels and ethephon. Field Crops Res, 2003, 84: 271-290
[6]Fang Y, Xu B C, Turner N C, Li F M. Grain yield, dry matter accumulation and remobilization, and root respiration in winter wheat and affected by seeding rate and root pruning. Eur J Agron, 2010, 33: 257-268
[7]Hiltbrunner J, Streit B, Liedgens M. Are seeding densities an opportunity to increase grain yield of winter wheat in a living mulch of white clover? Field Crops Res, 2007, 102: 163-171
[8]Berry P M, Griffin J M, Sylvester-Bradley R, Scott R K, Spink J H, Baker C J, Clare R W. Controlling plant form through husbandry to minimize lodging in wheat. Field Crops Res, 2000, 67: 59-81
[9]Wang F-H(王法宏), Wang X-Q(王旭清), Ren D-C(任德昌), Cao H-X(曹宏鑫), Dong Y-H(董玉红), Sayre K. Study and ridge culture technique in irrigated winter wheat. J Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2004, 24(2): 68-72 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Zhao G-C(赵广才). Key technics of winter wheat management in spring. Crops (作物杂志), 2007, (1): 40 (in Chinese)
[11]Tang Q Y, Peng S B, Buresh R J, Zou Y B, Castilla N P, Mew T W, Zhong X H. Rice varietal difference in sheath blight development and its association with yield loss at different levels of N fertilization. Field Crops Res, 2007, 102: 219-227
[12]Wang Y(王勇), Li Q-Q(李晴棋), Li C-H(李朝恒), Li A-F(李安飞). Studies on culm quality and anatomy of wheat varieties. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1998, 24(4): 452-458 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Berry P M, Spink J, Sterling M, Agarwal U P, Atalla R H. Methods for rapidly measuring the lodging resistance of wheat cultivars. J Agron Crop Sci, 2003, 189: 390-401
[14]Crook M J, Ennos A R. The effect of nitrogen and growth regulators on stem and root characteristics associated with lodging in two cultivars of winter wheat. J Exp Bot, 1995, 46: 931-938
[15]Li H C, Li L, Wegenast T, Longin C F, Xu X W, Melchinger A E, Chen S J. Effect of N supply on stalk quality in maize hybrids. Field Crops Res, 2010, 118: 208-214
[16]Updegraff D M. Semimicro determination of cellulose in biological materials. Anal Biochem, 1969, 32: 420-424
[17]Esechie H A, Rodriguez V, Al-Asmi H. Comparison of local and exotic maize varieties for stalk lodging components in a desert climate. Eur J Agron, 2004, 21:21-30
[18]Li X J, Li S Y, Li J X. Effects of GA3 on lignin and auxin contents and the correlated enzyme activities in bayberry (Myrica rubra Bieb.) during flower-bud induction. Plant Sci, 2003, 164: 549-556
[19]Jing C-Q(井长勤), Zhou Z(周忠), Zhang Y(张永). A Study of the effect of nitrogen application on the lodging of wheat. J Xuzhou Normal Univ (徐州师范大学学报), 2003, 21(4): 46-49 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Xiong Y-S(熊又升), Yuan J-F(袁家富), Hao F-X(郝福新), Ruan J-Z(阮际洲), Zhao S-J(赵书军), Wang Z-H(王朝辉). Effect of nitrogen dosage on the yield and quality of wheat. J Huazhong Agric Univ (华中农业大学学报), 2009, 28(6): 697-700 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Cao C-F(曹承富), Kong L-C(孔令聪), Wang J-L(汪建来), Zhao B(赵斌), Zhao Z(赵竹). Effects of nitrogen on yield, quality and nutritive absorption of middle and strong gluten wheat. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2005, 11(1): 46-50 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Liu P(刘萍), Guo W-S(郭文善), Xu Y-M(徐月明), Feng C-N(封超年), Zhu X-K(朱新开), Peng Y-X(彭永欣). Effect of planting density on grain yield and quality of weak-gluten and medium-gluten wheat. J Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2006, 26(5): 117-121 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Wang Z-J(王之杰), Guo T-C(郭天财), Wang H-C(王化岑), Wang Y-H(王永华). Effect of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of super-high-yield winter wheat at late growth stages. J Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2001, 21(3): 64-67 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Bhaskara Reddy M V, Arul J, Angers P, Couture L. Chitosan treatment of wheat seeds induces resistance to Fusarium graminearum and improves seed quality. J Agric Food Chem, 1999, 47: 1208-1216
[25]Zhang Z-L(张志良), Qu W-J(瞿伟菁). Experimental Methods of Plant Physiology (植物生理学实验指导), 3rd edn. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2003. pp 277-279 (in Chinese)
[26]Liu X-Y(刘晓燕), Jin J-Y(金继运), He P(何萍), Gao W(高伟), Li W-J(李文娟). Effects of potassium chloride on lignin metabolism and its relation to resistance of corn to stalk rot. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2007, 40(12): 2780-2787 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]Knobloch K H, Hahlbrock K. Isoenzymes of p-coumarate: CoA ligase form cell suspension cultures of Glycine max. Eur J Biochem, 1975, 52: 311-320
[28]Morrison T A, Kessler J R, Hatfield R D, Buxton D R. Activity of two lignin biosynthesis enzymes during development of a maize internode. J Sci Food Agric, 1994, 65: 133-139
[29]Fageria N K, Baligar V C, Clark R B. Physiology of Crop Production. New York: Food Products Press, 2005, pp 8-12
[30]Yu Z-W(于振文). Cultivation of Field Crops in North China (作物栽培学各论). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2003. pp 31-34 (in Chinese)
[31]Wang B-S(王宝山). Plant Physiology (植物生理学). Beijing: Science Press, 2004. pp 141-151(in Chinese)
[32]Guo W-J(郭维俊), Wang F-E(王芬娥), Huang G-B(黄高宝), Zhang W-F(张锋伟), Wei S-L(魏时来). Experiment on mechanical properties and chemical compositions of wheat stems. Trans Chin Soc Agric Machinery (农业机械学报), 2009, 40(2): 110-114 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]Grima-Pettenati J, Goffner D. Lignin genetic engineering revisited. Plant Sci, 1999, 145: 51-65
[34]Vanholme R, Morreel K, Ralph J, Boerjan W. Lignin engineering. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2008, 11: 278-285
[35]Sewalt V J H, Ni W, Blount J W. Reduced lignin content and altered lignin composition in transgenic tobacco down-regulated in expression of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase or cinnamate 4-hydroxylase. Plant Physiol, 1997, 115: 41-50
[36]Lee D, Kmeyer K, Kchapple C. Down-regulation of 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL) in Arabidopsis effect on lignin composition and implication for the control of monlignol biosynthesis. Plant Cell, 1997, 9: 1985-1998
[37]Kajita S, Hishiyama S, Tommura Y. Structural characterization of modified lignin in transgenic tobacco plants in which the activity of 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase is depressed. Plant Physiol, 1997, 114: 871-879
[38]Jacqueline G P, Deborah G. Lignin genetic engineering revisited. Plant Sci, 1999, 145: 51-65
[39]Zhong R Q, Ripperger A, Ye Z H. Ectopic deposition of lignin in the pith of stems of two arabidopsis mutants. Plant Physiol, 2000, 23: 59-70
[1] 王丹, 周宝元, 马玮, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450.
[2] 王旺年, 葛均筑, 杨海昌, 阴法庭, 黄太利, 蒯婕, 王晶, 汪波, 周广生, 傅廷栋. 大田作物在不同盐碱地的饲料价值评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1451-1462.
[3] 颜佳倩, 顾逸彪, 薛张逸, 周天阳, 葛芊芊, 张耗, 刘立军, 王志琴, 顾骏飞, 杨建昌, 周振玲, 徐大勇. 耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其机制[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1463-1475.
[4] 杨欢, 周颖, 陈平, 杜青, 郑本川, 蒲甜, 温晶, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487.
[5] 陈静, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 叶面喷施甜菜碱对不同播期夏玉米产量形成及抗氧化能力的调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515.
[6] 李祎君, 吕厚荃. 气候变化背景下农业气象灾害对东北地区春玉米产量影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1537-1545.
[7] 郭星宇, 刘朋召, 王瑞, 王小利, 李军. 旱地冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素平衡对降水年型与施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1262-1272.
[8] 石艳艳, 马志花, 吴春花, 周永瑾, 李荣. 垄作沟覆地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1288-1297.
[9] 闫晓宇, 郭文君, 秦都林, 王双磊, 聂军军, 赵娜, 祁杰, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽, 孙学振. 滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1235-1247.
[10] 柯健, 陈婷婷, 吴周, 朱铁忠, 孙杰, 何海兵, 尤翠翠, 朱德泉, 武立权. 沿江双季稻北缘区晚稻适宜品种类型及高产群体特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 1005-1016.
[11] 李瑞东, 尹阳阳, 宋雯雯, 武婷婷, 孙石, 韩天富, 徐彩龙, 吴存祥, 胡水秀. 增密对不同分枝类型大豆品种同化物积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 942-951.
[12] 王吕, 崔月贞, 吴玉红, 郝兴顺, 张春辉, 王俊义, 刘怡欣, 李小刚, 秦宇航. 绿肥稻秆协同还田下氮肥减量的增产和培肥短期效应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 952-961.
[13] 杜浩, 程玉汉, 李泰, 侯智红, 黎永力, 南海洋, 董利东, 刘宝辉, 程群. 利用Ln位点进行分子设计提高大豆单荚粒数[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 565-571.
[14] 陈云, 李思宇, 朱安, 刘昆, 张亚军, 张耗, 顾骏飞, 张伟杨, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 播种量和穗肥施氮量对优质食味直播水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 656-666.
[15] 袁嘉琦, 刘艳阳, 许轲, 李国辉, 陈天晔, 周虎毅, 郭保卫, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 张洪程. 氮密处理提高迟播栽粳稻资源利用和产量[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 667-681.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!