施氮量对垄作小麦氮肥利用率和土壤硝态氮含量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01107

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以平作为对照，研究了垄作种植方式下施氮量对冬小麦氮肥吸收利用、0~100 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量以及产量的影响。在一定范围内增加施氮量，小麦的氮肥利用率降低，土壤氮的贡献率降低，小麦植株内的氮素积累量增加，收获指数提高，产量增加。低氮(0~66 kg hm^-2)条件下，小麦生育期间土壤硝态氮淋洗损失的可能小，小麦收获后0~100 cm土体内不会累积大量硝态氮。施氮量在165~264 kg hm^-2时，60~100 cm土体内土壤硝态氮含量增加，出现硝态氮下移趋势。种植方式影响小麦的氮肥利用效率，垄作种植小麦氮肥利用率和产量均高于平作小麦。垄作种植麦田60~80 cm土体内土壤硝态氮含量相对较高，而平作种植麦田80~100 cm土层硝态氮含量相对较高。种植方式对氮肥利用率的影响大于施氮量的影响, 但施氮量对氮素收获指数、籽粒产量以及经济系数的影响大于种植方式的影响。本试验条件下，2种种植方式在施氮量为纯氮165 kg hm^-2时可以获得较高的氮肥利用率和氮素收获指数，平作小麦氮肥利用率为35.75%~36.41%，而垄作小麦为45.32%~47.25%; 但2种种植方式的小麦都是施氮量为纯氮264 kg hm^-2时获得最高产量, 平作和垄作小麦的最高产量分别达8 078.31 kg hm^-2和
8 212.27 kg hm^-2。

关键词: 种植方式, 冬小麦, 施氮量, 氮肥利用率, 土壤硝态氮

Abstract: The variation of nitrate-N content in soil was observed in winter wheat under bed planting, and the N use efficiency and yield were compared between cultivation patterns of bed planting and flat planting. The amount of N accumulation in wheat plant, N harvest index, and grain yield of wheat were increased with the increase of N application rate, but the N use efficiency and the soil N contribution tended to decrease. At low N application rate (0–66 kg ha^-1), the possibility of nitrate-N leaching was declined with no massive accumulation at 0–100 cm soil layer. At high N application rate (165–264 kg ha^-1), the content of nitrate-N in 60–100 cm soil layer increased and began to move down in the soil. Cultivation pattern had an effect on N use efficiency, of which bed planting showed higher N use efficiency and wheat yield than flat planting. In flat planting pattern, nitrate-N was mostly accumulated in soil of 60–80 cm depth, which was shallower than that in flat planting (80–100 cm).Cultivation pattern had larger effect on N use efficiency than N application rate; whereas, N application had larger effect on N harvest index, grain yield, and harvest index than cultivation pattern. Under the experimental condition, high N use efficiency and N harvest index were observed in N application treatment of 165 kg ha^-1, and the N use efficiency of wheat was significantly higher in bed planting (45.32–47.25%) than in flat planting (35.75–36.41%). The highest grain yields were 8 078.31 kg ha^{-1 in flat planting and 8 212.27 kg ha-1 in bed planting, which were both obtained in N application treatment of 264 kg ha-1}.

Key words: Cultivation pattern, Winter wheat, Nitrogen application level, Nitrogen use efficiency, Nitrate-N in soil

冯波，孔令安，张宾，司纪升，李升东，王法宏. 施氮量对垄作小麦氮肥利用率和土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(06): 1107-1114.

FENG Bo,KONG Ling-An,ZHANG Bin,SI Ji-Sheng,LI Sheng-Dong,WANG Fa-Hong. Effect of Nitrogen Application Level on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat and Soil Nitrate-N Content under Bed Planting Condition[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(06): 1107-1114.

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