施氮量对垄作小麦氮肥利用率和土壤硝态氮含量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01107

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以平作为对照，研究了垄作种植方式下施氮量对冬小麦氮肥吸收利用、0~100 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量以及产量的影响。在一定范围内增加施氮量，小麦的氮肥利用率降低，土壤氮的贡献率降低，小麦植株内的氮素积累量增加，收获指数提高，产量增加。低氮(0~66 kg hm^-2)条件下，小麦生育期间土壤硝态氮淋洗损失的可能小，小麦收获后0~100 cm土体内不会累积大量硝态氮。施氮量在165~264 kg hm^-2时，60~100 cm土体内土壤硝态氮含量增加，出现硝态氮下移趋势。种植方式影响小麦的氮肥利用效率，垄作种植小麦氮肥利用率和产量均高于平作小麦。垄作种植麦田60~80 cm土体内土壤硝态氮含量相对较高，而平作种植麦田80~100 cm土层硝态氮含量相对较高。种植方式对氮肥利用率的影响大于施氮量的影响, 但施氮量对氮素收获指数、籽粒产量以及经济系数的影响大于种植方式的影响。本试验条件下，2种种植方式在施氮量为纯氮165 kg hm^-2时可以获得较高的氮肥利用率和氮素收获指数，平作小麦氮肥利用率为35.75%~36.41%，而垄作小麦为45.32%~47.25%; 但2种种植方式的小麦都是施氮量为纯氮264 kg hm^-2时获得最高产量, 平作和垄作小麦的最高产量分别达8 078.31 kg hm^-2和
8 212.27 kg hm^-2。

关键词: 种植方式, 冬小麦, 施氮量, 氮肥利用率, 土壤硝态氮

Abstract: The variation of nitrate-N content in soil was observed in winter wheat under bed planting, and the N use efficiency and yield were compared between cultivation patterns of bed planting and flat planting. The amount of N accumulation in wheat plant, N harvest index, and grain yield of wheat were increased with the increase of N application rate, but the N use efficiency and the soil N contribution tended to decrease. At low N application rate (0–66 kg ha^-1), the possibility of nitrate-N leaching was declined with no massive accumulation at 0–100 cm soil layer. At high N application rate (165–264 kg ha^-1), the content of nitrate-N in 60–100 cm soil layer increased and began to move down in the soil. Cultivation pattern had an effect on N use efficiency, of which bed planting showed higher N use efficiency and wheat yield than flat planting. In flat planting pattern, nitrate-N was mostly accumulated in soil of 60–80 cm depth, which was shallower than that in flat planting (80–100 cm).Cultivation pattern had larger effect on N use efficiency than N application rate; whereas, N application had larger effect on N harvest index, grain yield, and harvest index than cultivation pattern. Under the experimental condition, high N use efficiency and N harvest index were observed in N application treatment of 165 kg ha^-1, and the N use efficiency of wheat was significantly higher in bed planting (45.32–47.25%) than in flat planting (35.75–36.41%). The highest grain yields were 8 078.31 kg ha^{-1 in flat planting and 8 212.27 kg ha-1 in bed planting, which were both obtained in N application treatment of 264 kg ha-1}.

Key words: Cultivation pattern, Winter wheat, Nitrogen application level, Nitrogen use efficiency, Nitrate-N in soil

冯波，孔令安，张宾，司纪升，李升东，王法宏. 施氮量对垄作小麦氮肥利用率和土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(06): 1107-1114.

FENG Bo,KONG Ling-An,ZHANG Bin,SI Ji-Sheng,LI Sheng-Dong,WANG Fa-Hong. Effect of Nitrogen Application Level on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat and Soil Nitrate-N Content under Bed Planting Condition[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(06): 1107-1114.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01107

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2012/V38/I06/1107

参考文献

[1]Zhang G-L(张国梁), Zhang S(章申). Progress on nitrogen leaching loss of field. Soils (土壤), 1998, (6): 291–297 (in Chinese)

[2]Cao R-L(曹仁林), Jia X-K(贾晓葵). The questions and countermeasures of prevent and cure on nitrogen pollution in Chinese contracted farming. Soil & Fert (土壤与肥料), 2001, (3): 3–6 (in Chinese)

[3]Liu H-B(刘宏斌), Zhang Y-G(张云贵), Li Z-H (李志宏), Zhang W-L(张维理), Lin B(林葆). Nitrate contamination of deep groundwater in rural plain areas of Beijing. Acta Pedol Sin (土壤学报), 2005, 42(3): 411–418 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[4]Xiong Z-Q(熊正琴), Xing G-X(邢光熹), Shen G-Y(沈光裕). Research on pollution of nitrogen in water of Taihu area and well. Ecol Environ Village (农村生态环境), 2002, 18(2): 29–33 (in Chinese)

[5]Liu G-D(刘光栋), Wu W-L(吴文良). Research on slim of soil NO3-N and population of groundwater in high yield field of Huantai. Chin J Eco-agric (中国生态农业学报), 2002, 10(4): 71–74 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[6]Li S-Q(李世清), Li S-X(李生秀). Leaching loss of nitrate from semiarid area agro-ecosystem. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 2000, 11(2): 240–242 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[7]Riley W. J, Ortiz-Monasterio I, Matson P A. Nitrogen leaching and soil nitrate, nitrite and ammonium levels under irrigated wheat in northern Mexico. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 2001, 61: 223–236

[8]Zhou S-L(周顺利), Zhang F-S(张福锁), Wang X-R(王兴仁). Studies on the spastic-temporal variations of soil NO3-N and apparent budget of soil nitrogen: I. Winter wheat. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 2001, 21(11): 1782–1789 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[9]Shi Y(石玉), Yu Z-W(于振文). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and ratio of base and topdressing on yield of wheat, content of soil nitrate and nitrogen balance. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 2006, 26(11): 3662–3669 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[10]Ma X-H(马兴华), Yu Z-W(于振文), Liang X-F(梁晓芳), Yan H(严红), Shi G-P(施桂萍). Effects of nitrogen application rate and its basal/top-dressing ratio on spatio-temporal variations of soil NO3-N and NH4-N contents. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 2006, 17(4): 630–634 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[11]Laflen J M, Baker J L, Hartwig R O, Buchele W F, Johnsonl H P. Soil and water loss from conservation tillage systems. Trans ASAE, 1978, 21: 881–885

[12]Hamlett J M, Baker J L, Horton R. Water and anion movement under ridge tillage: a field study. Trans ASAE, 1990, 33: 1859–1866

[13]Bargar B, Swan J B, Jsynes D. Soil water recharge under uncropped ridges and furrows. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1999, 63: 1290–l299

[14]Jaynes D B, Swan J B. Solute movement in uncropped ridge-tilled soil under natural rainfall. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1999, 63: 264–269

[15]Ress1er D E, Horton R, Kaspar T C. Localized soil management in fertilizer injection zone to reduce nitrate leaching. Agron J, 1998, 90: 747–752

[16]Zhao Y-G(赵允格), Shao M-A(邵明安), Zhang X-C(张兴昌). Impact of localized compaction and ridge fertilization on field nitrate transport and nitrate use efficiency. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 2004, 15(1): 68–72 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[17]Limon-Ortega A, Sayre K D, Francis C A. Wheat nitrogen use efficiency in a bed planting system in northwest Mexico. Agron J, 2000, 92: 303–308

[18]Wang F H, Wang X Q, Sayre K. Comparison of conventional, flood irrigated, flat planting with furrow irrigated, raised bed planting for winter wheat in China. Field Crops Res, 2004, 87: 35–42

[19]Huo Z-Y(霍中洋), Ge X(葛鑫), Zhang H-C(张洪程), Dai Q-G(戴其根), Xu K(许轲), Gong Z-K(龚振恺). Effect of different nitrogen application types on n-absorption and utilization rate of specific use cultivars of wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2004, 30(5): 270–277 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[20]Zhang Q-J(张庆江), Zhang L-Y(张立言), Bi H-W(毕桓武). The absorption, accumulation and translocation of nitrogen and their relationships to grain protein content in spring wheat variety. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1997, 23(6): 712–717 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[21]Li J-C(李金才), Qu H-J(屈会娟), Wei F-Z(魏凤珍). Effects of nitrogen application techniques on grain yield and quality in winter wheat. J Henan Agric Sci (河南农业科学), 2005, (2): 27–33 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[22]Raun W R, Johnson G V. Improving nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production. Agron J, 1999, 91: 357–364

[23]Liu X-X(刘晓欣), Hu C-S(胡春胜), Cheng Y-S(程一松). Effects of different fertilizers on crop yields and nitrate accumulation. Agric Res Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2003, 21(3): 38–42 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[24]Fan J(樊军), Hao M-D(郝明德), Dang T-H(党廷辉). Effect of long-term fertilization on distribution and accumulation of NO3-N in profile of dry-land. Soil & Environ (土壤与环境), 2000, 9(1): 23–26 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[25]Liu X-J(刘学军), Ju X-T(巨晓棠), Zhang F-S(张福锁). Effect of reduced application on nitrogen utilization and balance in winter wheat-summer maize cropping system. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 2004, 15(3): 458–462 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[26]Sun C-F(孙传范), Dai T-B(戴廷波), Cao W-X(曹卫星). Effect of the enhanced ammonium nutrition on the growth and nitrogen utilization of wheat under different levels. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2003, 9(1): 33–38 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[27]Zhang S-L(张树兰), Tong Y-A(同延安), Liang D-L(梁东丽), Lü D-Q(吕殿青). Nitrate-N movement in the soil profile as influenced by rate and timing of nitrogen application. Acta Pedol Sin (土壤学报), 2004, 41(2): 270–277 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[28]Lü D-Q(吕殿青), Tong Y-A(同延安). Effect of nitrogen fertilization application on environment pollution. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 1998, 4(1): 8–15 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[29]Zhou S-L(周顺利), Zhang F-S(张福锁), Wang X-R(王兴仁), Mi G-H(米国华), Mao D-R(毛达如). Research of comparison on nitrogen absorption and utilization in different varieties of winter wheat on high yield conditions. Soil & Fert (土壤肥料), 2000, (6): 20–23 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[30]Zhang G-P(张国平), Zhang G-H(张光恒). Studies on variation among wheat genotype in N utilization. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 1996, 2(4): 331–336 (in Chinese with English abstract)

相关文章 15

[1]	高沛阳, 李瑾璇, 董宇奎, 石玉, 张振, 张永丽. 测墒补灌下小麦分蘖发生和成穗对施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1847-1858.
[2]	王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521.
[3]	乔宇馨, 李程越, 康晓玉, 张鑫琪, 贾绍辉, 刘倩, 曹亚丽, 史鑫蕊, 郝兴宇, 李萍. 基于APSIM模型的长期免耕秸秆覆盖对旱地小麦增产效应研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1181-1192.
[4]	陈如雪, 孙丽芳, 张芯源, 牟海萌, 张永新, 袁丽雪, 彭仕乐, 王壮壮, 王永华. 秸秆还田与微生物菌剂配施对冬小麦旗叶碳氮代谢及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1901-1913.
[5]	吴柳格, 陈坚, 张鑫, 邓艾兴, 宋振伟, 郑成岩, 张卫建. 近二十年国审冬小麦品种的产量与品质性状变化趋势研究[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1814-1826.
[6]	赵刚, 张建军, 党翼, 樊廷录, 王磊, 周刚, 王淑英, 李兴茂, 倪胜利, 米文博, 周旭姣, 程万莉, 李尚中. 黄土旱塬区秸秆覆盖量对不同降雨年型土壤水温效应和冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1643-1653.
[7]	王东, 王森, 尚丽, 冯浩伟, 张永巧, 崔佳鸣, 李爽, 章佳聪, 车欢. 补灌对黄土高原半湿润区冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1312-1325.
[8]	王娇, 白海霞, 韩语燕, 梁惠, 冯雅楠, 张东升, 李萍, 宗毓铮, 史鑫蕊, 郝兴宇. CO₂浓度升高、升温及其交互作用对良星99冬小麦叶片碳氮代谢的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(4): 1061-1076.
[9]	张冬玲, 于爱忠, 吕汉强, 杨学慧, 王玉珑, 王鹏飞, 尚永盼, 尹波, 刘亚龙, 王凤. 绿肥还田结合减量施氮对绿洲灌区麦田N₂O排放和小麦产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(4): 1005-1021.
[10]	张妍妍, 李迎, 刘栩辰, 黄超, 吕佳宁, 周海佳, 马守田, 秦安振, 高子乐, 吴光辉, 陈丹, 姬夏楠, 刘战东. 深松耕作条件下滴灌对冬小麦花后干物质积累及灌浆特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(11): 3065-3079.
[11]	张军, 胡川, 周起晖, 任开明, 董誓言, 刘傲寒, 吴金芝, 黄明, 李友军. 减氮及有机肥替代对旱地冬小麦干物质积累、转运、分配和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(1): 207-220.
[12]	延飞龙, 张振, 赵俊晔, 石玉, 于振文. 宽幅精播下施氮量对冬小麦耗水特性和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(8): 2014-2024.
[13]	付景, 马梦娟, 张骐飞, 段居琦, 王越涛, 王付华, 王生轩, 白涛, 尹海庆, 王亚. 干湿交替灌溉和施氮量对粳稻光合特性和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(7): 1787-1804.
[14]	马艳明, 娄鸿耀, 王威, 孙娜, 颜国荣, 张胜军, 刘杰, 倪中福, 徐麟. 新疆冬小麦籽粒品质性状遗传差异与关联分析[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(6): 1394-1405.
[15]	唐清芸, 杨晶晶, 赵蕾, 宋志文, 王国栋, 李玉祥. 施氮量对滴灌水稻根系形态构型和分形特征的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(6): 1540-1553.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed