作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1708-1720.
钟晓媛1,赵敏1,李俊杰2,陈多1,田青兰1,王丽1,黄光忠3,任万军1,*
ZHONG Xiao-Yuan1,ZHAO Min1,LI Jun-Jie 2,CHEN Duo1,TIAN Qing-Lan1,Wang Li1,HUANG Guang-Zhong3,REN Wan-Jun1,*
摘要:
为探讨不同播栽期对机插超级杂交籼稻分蘖成穗的影响,以F优498和宜香优2115两个超级杂交籼稻品种为材料, 设置3月21日(S1)、3月31日(S2)、4月10日(S3)、4月20日(S4)和4月30日(S5) 5个播期,秧龄均为30 d,移栽期依次为4月21日、5月1日、5月11日、5月21日和5月31日,研究其分蘖发生成穗特点及与气象因子的关系。结果表明,不同播栽期水稻产量差异显著,随着播栽期推迟,产量呈降低趋势,早播S1的产量最高、迟播S5的产量最低。不同播栽期处理下水稻主茎对产量的贡献表现为(S1~S4) < S5,一、二次分蘖总和对产量的贡献表现为(S1~S4) > S5,S1优势蘖位为第3~第6叶,而S2~S5优势蘖位为第3~第5叶。随播栽期推迟,分蘖发生和成穗叶位趋于集中,F优498一次分蘖发生在S1~S4以3/0~7/0为主,而在S5以3/0~6/0为主;宜香优2115 在S1以3/0~7/0为主,在S2~S5以3/0~6/0为主。一次分蘖成穗率在S1以3/0~6/0为主,而在S2~S5以3/0~5/0为主;二次分蘖发生和成穗以第3~第4叶为主。气象因子对分蘖发生和成穗的影响为一、二次分蘖发生率与日平均相对湿度呈显著负相关,而与平均气温日较差、积温、日照时数呈显著或极显著正相关;一次分蘖成穗率与分蘖期日平均相对湿度、平均气温呈显著负相关,与分蘖期平均气温日较差、积温、日照时数呈显著正相关,与幼穗分化期日平均相对湿度呈显著负相关,与抽穗开花期日照时数呈显著正相关。综合看来,成都平原地区机插超级杂交籼稻在4月11日前播种5月11日前移栽有利于产量的提高,在4月21日前播种5月21日前移栽有利于稳产,在4月21日以后播种5月21日后移栽产量显著降低。
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