作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (04): 571-580.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00571
张淑敏,宁堂原,刘振,王斌,孙涛,张学鹏,贺贞昆,杨燕,米庆华
ZHANG Shu-Min,NING Tang-Yuan,LIU Zhen,WANG Bin,SUN Tao,ZHANG Xue-Peng,HE Zhen-Kun,YANG Yan,MI Qing-Hua
摘要:
地膜覆盖被广泛应用于马铃薯栽培中,随之而来的白色污染以及杂草问题十分严重。为筛选适宜黄淮海地区的马铃薯专用地膜,以马铃薯品种荷兰15为供试材料,在2013—2015年进行大田定位试验,设置黑白配色地膜(BW)、透明生物降解地膜(BI)和普通聚乙烯地膜(CK)覆盖3个处理,研究其抑草与水热效应及其对马铃薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,BW和BI分别减少杂草密度44.1%~58.5%和26.7%~38.3%。马铃薯生育前期,CK增温效果明显;在淀粉积累期,BW的温度日变化幅度较小,控温效果显著。干旱年份(2014) BW保墒效果显著优于BI和CK。与CK相比,降水正常(2013)和干旱年份BW分别增产6.2%和8.2%;干旱年份BI增产7.1%;而湿润年份(2015),不同地膜处理间马铃薯产量无显著差异。与CK相比,BW处理淀粉含量提高18.3%~37.6%,BI提高7.0%~28.9%;BW维生素C含量提高1.0%~4.3%;BW与BI均显著降低了马铃薯块茎中蛋白质含量。因此,用黑白配色地膜和生物降解地膜替代普通地膜,可降低膜下杂草密度,创造更适宜的土壤温度和水分条件,有利于马铃薯增产和改善品质。
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