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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (02): 269-279.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.93015

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同成膜剂对玉米噻虫啉悬浮种衣剂的持效性及安全性影响

姚晨涛1,2,4,乔治华1,2,宋雪慧1,2,张风文1,2,孙晓1,2,李刚1,李向东1,张吉旺3,姜兴印1,2,*()   

  1. 1 山东农业大学植物保护学院, 山东泰安271018
    2 山东农业大学植物保护学院农药毒理与应用技术省级重点实验室, 山东泰安271018
    3 山东农业大学作物国家重点实验室, 山东泰安271018
    4 苏州富美实植物保护剂有限公司, 上海 201203
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-08 接受日期:2019-09-26 出版日期:2020-02-12 网络出版日期:2019-10-12
  • 通讯作者: 姜兴印
  • 作者简介:E-mail: yaoct2009@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划重点项目(2018YFD0200604);山东“双一流”奖补项目(农作物病虫害绿色防控)(SYL2017XTTD11);山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目资助(SDAIT-02-10)

Effect of different film-forming agents on the persistence and safety of thiacloprid suspension concentrate for seed coating for maize

YAO Chen-Tao1,2,4,QIAO Zhi-Hua1,2,SONG Xue-Hui1,2,ZHANG Feng-Wen1,2,SUN Xiao1,2,LI Gang1,LI Xiang-Dong1,ZHANG Ji-Wang3,JIANG Xing-Yin1,2,*()   

  1. 1 College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2 College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    3 Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    4 Suzhou FMC Plant Protection Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
  • Received:2019-03-08 Accepted:2019-09-26 Published:2020-02-12 Published online:2019-10-12
  • Contact: Xing-Yin JIANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFD0200604);the Provincial Major Technological Innovation Program of Agricultural Application in Shandong, the Shandong “Double First-class” Award(SYL2017XTTD11);the National Modern Agricultural Technology & Industry System(SDAIT-02-10)

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摘要：

为明确含不同成膜剂的噻虫啉种衣剂处理玉米种子后在土壤和植株中的持效性及其对刺吸式害虫的防治效果, 选择3种不同成膜剂加工成的噻虫啉悬浮种衣剂以400 g a.i. 100 kg -1种子浓度包衣处理, 分别于室内和田间条件下测定其对玉米出苗率、生长量和生理生化等方面的影响, 及噻虫啉在玉米叶片和土壤中的持效期, 并评价其对刺吸式害虫的防治效果。结果表明, ZY904-3和ZY904-5成膜剂的噻虫啉种衣剂处理对玉米出苗没有影响, 3种成膜剂的噻虫啉拌种对玉米生长量和生理生化活性均有不同程度促进, 玉米叶片和土壤中的噻虫啉持效期较未加成膜剂有一定延长, ZY904-1、ZY904-3和ZY904-5处理的噻虫啉悬浮种衣剂(FS)在叶片和土壤中持效期分别延长了20~40 d、20~30 d和10~20 d。3种成膜剂处理可有效防治玉米刺吸式害虫, ZY904-1和ZY904-3成膜剂的噻虫啉种衣剂处理对玉米刺吸式害虫数量有很好的控制作用, 分别于播种80 d (室内)和60 d (田间)后防效仍达50%以上, 但ZY904-1成膜剂的噻虫啉种衣剂推迟出苗时间。综合各个方面, ZY904-3成膜剂的噻虫啉种衣剂拌种效果最好。

关键词: 噻虫啉, 玉米, 不同成膜剂, 持效期, 安全性, HPLC-MS/MS

Abstract:

To definite the persistence of thiacloprid seed coating with different film-forming agents in soil and plants and the efficacy in controling piercing-sucking insects, we tested the effects of the thiacloprid FS, with three different film-forming agents at a concentration of 400 g a.i. 100 kg -1, on the emergence rate, growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize at laboratory and in the field respectively, and evaluated controlling effect on piercing-sucking insects by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The ZY904-3 and ZY904-5 film-forming agent treatments had no influence on emergence rate of maize. The seedling growth and activities in physiology and biochemistry were promoted to various degrees by thiacloprid seed dressing with three different film-forming agents. Compared with no film-forming agent treatments, the persistent periods of ZY904-1, ZY904-3, and ZY904-5 treatments were extended by 20-40 days, 20-30 days, and 10-20 days in leaves of maize and in the soil respectively. The maize piercing-sucking insects were controlled significantly by three film-forming agent treatments. ZY904-1 and ZY904-3 treatments had good control effects on the amount of piercing-sucking insects in the growth stage of maize which coat still over 50% at 80 d (laboratory test) and 60 d (field test) after sowing, respectively. However, ZY904-1 treatment delayed the emergence of seeds. Taking all factors as a whole, ZY904-3 film-forming agent has the best seed dressing effect.

Key words: thiacloprid, maize, film-forming agent, persistent period, safety, liquid chromatography-mass

表1

梯度洗脱程序"

时间
Time
(min)		 流速
Flow rate
(mL min-1)		 流动相 Mobile phase (%)
0.1%甲酸水溶液
0.1% formic acid
solution		 乙腈
Acetonitrile
0 0.50 90 10
1 0.50 90 10
2 0.50 10 90
3 0.50 10 90
4 0.50 90 10
5 0.50 90 10

表2

不同成膜剂噻虫啉种衣剂对玉米出苗率的影响"

成膜剂
Film-forming agent		 有效成分
Active ingredients
(g a.i. 100 kg-1)		 室内试验
Laboratory
test		 大田试验Field test
2 d 4 d 6 d 8 d 10 d
ZY904-1 400 80.27±1.35 b 56.26±1.65 b 76.81±2.67 c 78.56±2.30 c 84.31±1.74 b 84.63±1.32 b
ZY904-3 400 96.58±2.26 a 63.17±2.64 a 85.60±1.62 a 92.61±0.98 a 93.48±3.19 a 93.48±1.19 a
ZY904-5 400 95.42±1.74 a 63.40±1.37 a 85.35±2.09 a 91.49±1.35 a 92.24±2.34 a 92.24±2.34 a
未添加成膜剂对照NCK 400 96.33±2.88 a 64.24±0.96 a 86.77±1.79 a 91.70±3.36 a 93.38±3.18 a 93.38±3.18 a
清水对照CK — 97.31±2.57 a 58.63±4.74 b 82.91±1.42 b 86.56±2.34 b 90.77±1.54 ab 90.77±4.54 ab

表3

不同成膜剂噻虫啉拌种对玉米幼苗生长指标的影响(室内试验)"

成膜剂
Film-forming agent		 有效成分
Active ingredients
(g a.i. 100 kg-1)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 根长
Root length
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem thick
(cm)		 须根数
Fibrous root number		 鲜重
Fresh weight
(g)
ZY904-1 400 30.60±2.31 b 18.62±2.46 a 6.18±0.53 a 5.2±0.32 a 4.91±0.28 a
ZY904-3 400 32.35±1.34 a 19.85±1.28 a 6.42±0.47 a 5.7±0.62 a 5.07±0.46 a
ZY904-5 400 32.26±1.86 a 18.23±3.25 a 6.23±0.38 a 5.3±0.35 a 4.73±0.19 ab
未添加成膜剂对照NCK 400 33.21±1.81 a 18.64±2.45 a 6.55±0.41 a 5.2±0.28 a 4.63±0.24 ab
清水对照CK — 33.47±1.69 a 18.98±3.12 a 6.83±0.48 a 5.1±0.19 a 4.25±0.64 b

表4

不同成膜剂噻虫啉拌种对玉米幼苗生长指标的影响(大田试验)"

成膜剂
Film-forming agent		 有效成分
Active ingredients
(g a.i. 100 kg-1)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 根长
Root length
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem thick
(cm)		 须根数
Fibrous root number		 鲜重
Fresh weight
(g)
ZY904-1 400 29.64±1.32 a 11.65±0.56 a 7.80±0.35 a 6.1±0.02 a 4.76±0.33 a
ZY904-3 400 27.32±0.82 a 11.85±0.36 a 8.61±0.56 a 5.8±0.06 a 4.83±0.54 a
ZY904-5 400 29.47±0.66 a 11.42±1.10 a 9.00±0.44 a 6.0±0.00 a 5.04±0.28 a
未添加成膜剂对照NCK 400 30.36±1.98 a 12.56±0.45 a 8.55±0.32 a 6.0±0.03 a 5.06±0.42 a
清水对照CK — 23.24±1.33 b 8.71±1.32 b 5.83±0.24 a 5.2±0.05 a 3.77±0.74 b

表5

不同成膜剂噻虫啉拌种对玉米常规生理指标的影响"

成膜剂
Film-forming agent		 有效成分
Active
ingredient
(g a.i. 100 kg-1)		 叶绿素
Chlorophyll
(mg g-1 FW)		 根系活力
Root activity
(g h-1 FW)		 游离脯氨酸
Free proline accumulation
(μg g-1 DW)
室内试验
Laboratory		 田间试验
Field		 室内试验
Laboratory		 田间试验
Field		 室内试验
Laboratory		 田间试验
Field
ZY904-1 400 2.21±0.11 a 2.34±0.03 a 0.35±0.04 a 0.54±0.01 a 57.24±0.94 b 87.37±1.21 a
ZY904-3 400 2.16±0.27 a 2.33±0.02 a 0.38±0.08 a 0.55±0.03 a 62.39±1.32 a 87.11±1.29 a
ZY904-5 400 2.19±0.09 a 2.34±0.03 a 0.37±0.08 a 0.52±0.02 ab 59.22±0.72 b 86.82±0.65 a
未添加成膜剂对照NCK 400 2.04±0.07 ab 2.23±0.08 a 0.32±0.02 a 0.50±0.06 a 57.49±1.32 b 80.46±0.95 a
清水对照CK — 1.94±0.11 b 1.85±0.07 b 0.24±0.02 b 0.46±0.03 b 42.16±0.64 c 54.90±1.47 b

表6

不同成膜剂噻虫啉拌种对玉米抗氧化酶活性的影响"

成膜剂
Film-forming agent		 有效成分
Active ingredient
(g a.i. 100 kg-1)		 超氧化物歧化酶活性
SOD activity
(U g-1 FW min-1)		 过氧化氢酶活性
CAT activity
(U g-1 FW min-1)		 过氧化物酶活性
POD activity
(U g-1 FW min-1)
室内试验
Laboratory		 田间试验
Field		 室内试验
Laboratory		 田间试验
Field		 室内试验
Laboratory		 田间试验
Field
ZY904-1 400 71.36±2.32 a 50.85±0.96 a 134.23±4.28 a 81.74±2.47 a 64.82±4.53 a 55.30±2.12 a
ZY904-3 400 76.53±3.46 a 51.62±1.30 a 147.65±6.42 a 79.84±0.30 a 60.17±5.26 a 55.06±3.45 a
ZY904-5 400 80.32±2.49 a 50.06±0.84 a 130.27±8.24 a 80.70±2.44 a 64.22±2.79 a 54.23±1.41 a
未添加成膜剂对照NCK 400 74.21±4.12 a 46.32±1.31 a 140.59±7.33 a 74.33±2.44 a 62.47±4.62 a 45.29±2.63 ab
清水对照CK — 58.34±1.91 b 35.64±1.09 b 80.69±9.28 b 64.64±1.62 b 47.82±4.33b 36.53±2.34 c

表7

噻虫啉在玉米叶片和土壤中的添加回收率"

添加水平
Spiked level
(mg kg-1)		 标准曲线
Calibration curve		 土壤Soil 玉米植株Maize plant
平均回收率
Average recovery (%)		 相对标准偏差
RSD (%)		 平均回收率
Average recovery (%)		 相对标准偏差
RSD (%)
0.01 y = 3775.92x + 6978240
R2 = 0.9931		 89.42 6.4 86.07 7.9
0.1 94.64 3.4 95.36 2.9
1.0 96.78 3.2 95.36 5.6

图1

噻虫啉标样质谱图"

图2

不同成膜剂噻虫啉拌种处理在玉米叶片中的消解动态"

图3

不同成膜剂噻虫啉拌种处理在土壤中的残留动态"

图4

不同成膜剂噻虫啉拌种对刺吸式害虫数量的影响"

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