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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1750-1759.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.04097

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施钾量条件下甘薯块根形成的内源激素变化及其与块根数量的关系

姜仲禹(), 唐丽雪, 柳洪鹃, 史春余*()   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院 / 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-24 接受日期:2020-07-02 出版日期:2020-11-12 网络出版日期:2020-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 史春余
  • 作者简介:E-mail:jiangzhongyuyy@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31371577);本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31701357);山东省薯类产业创新团队首席专家项目(SDAIT-16-01)

Changes of endogenous hormones on storage root formation and its relationship with storage root number under different potassium application rates of sweet potato

JIANG Zhong-Yu(), TANG Li-Xue, LIU Hong-Juan, SHI Chun-Yu*()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’ an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-04-24 Accepted:2020-07-02 Published:2020-11-12 Published online:2020-07-15
  • Contact: Chun-Yu SHI
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371577);This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701357);the Potato Innovation Program for Chief Expert of Shandong Province(SDAIT-16-01)

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摘要：

为探讨不同施钾量条件下甘薯块根形成的内源激素变化及其与块根数量的关系, 本试验以结薯数差异显著的鲜食型甘薯品种‘烟薯25’和‘北京553’为试验材料, 以氧化钾(K2O)为供试肥料, 设置0 (K0)、120 (K1)、240 (K2)和360 kg hm-2 (K3) 4个钾肥梯度, 研究不同施钾量对甘薯块根形成期粗根中的内源激素含量及相关代谢酶活性、收获期块根数量、块根整齐度等的影响。结果表明, 与不施钾肥处理(K0)相比, 施用钾肥降低了块根形成期粗根中吲哚乙酸氧化酶(indoleacetic acid oxidase, IAAO)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)的活性, 提高了生长素(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)含量; 同时, 增加了玉米素核苷(zeatin riboside, ZR)含量, 降低了赤霉素(gibberellins, GA3)含量。施钾通过调控甘薯粗根中的内源激素水平, 提升了初生形成层的活动能力, 促进了不定根向块根的分化。与CK相比, 增施钾肥显著提高了收获期烟薯25和北京553的单株结薯数与单薯重, 提高了块根产量; 烟薯25和北京553的单株结薯数增幅分别为3.16%~25.40%和3.85%~33.11%, 产量增幅分别为4.22%~17.31%和3.94%~18.45%。2个品种各施钾处理相比, 均为K2处理的单株结薯数最多, 单薯重和块根产量最高, 块根整齐度最好。

关键词: 甘薯, 施钾量, 内源激素, 初生形成层, 块根数量, 块根整齐度

Abstract:

In order to explore the changes of endogenous hormones on storage root formation and its relationship with storage root number under different potassium application rates of sweet potato root, sweet potato varieties ‘Yanshu 25’ and ‘Beijing 553’ with significant differences in storage root number were used as experimental materials, potassium oxide (K2O) was used as fertilizer, and four potassium fertilizer gradients of 0 (K0), 120 (K2), 240 (K3), and 360 kg hm-2 (K4) were set. The effects of different potassium application rates on the contents of endogenous hormones, the activity of related metabolic enzymes, the number of storage root and root evenness in swelling roots of sweet potato during root formation and harvest stage were studied. Compared with the treatment without potassium fertilizer (K0), the application of potassium fertilizer decreased the enzyme activities of indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) and peroxidase (POD), increased the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), increased the content of zeatin riboside (ZR) and decreased the content of gibberellins (GA3). Potassium application enhanced the activity of primary cambium and promoted the differentiation from adventitious root to storage root by regulating the content of endogenous hormones in swelling roots of sweet potato. Compared with the control, the application of potash fertilizer significantly increased the number and weight of storage roots per plant and root yield of ‘Yanshu 25’ and ‘Beijing 553’. The number of storage roots per plant of ‘Yanshu 25’ and ‘Beijing 553’ increased by 3.16%-25.40% and 3.85%-33.11%, respectively, and the yield increased by 4.22%-17.31% and 3.94%-18.45%, respectively. Compared with the potassium application treatments of the two varieties, the K2 treatment had the highest storage roots number per plant, the highest weight and yield of storage roots, with the best root evenness.

Key words: sweet potato, potassium application rate, endogenous hormone, primary cambium, root number, root evenness

表1

甘薯块根产量及其构成因素"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 单株结薯数
Storage root		 单薯重
Fresh weight
(g lump-1)		 块根产量
Storage root yield
(kg hm-2)
2017 烟薯25 YS25 K0 2.52 d 286.56 c 39,558.35 c
K1 2.75 c 304.47 b 41,227.94 bc
K2 3.16 a 341.81 a 46,407.27 a
K3 2.93 b 334.22 a 44,457.46 ab
北京553 BJ553 K0 1.51 c 292.96 c 22,632.30 c
K1 1.69 b 311.82 b 23,890.75 b
K2 2.01 a 328.95 a 26,807.34 a
K3 1.94 a 319.61 ab 26,503.20 a
2018 烟薯25 YS25 K0 4.59 c 137.02 b 34,072.14 b
K1 4.74 c 152.22 ab 37,139.85 b
K2 4.94 a 165.89 a 39,836.92 ab
K3 4.80 ab 163.20 a 39,090.54 a
北京553 BJ553 K0 3.00 b 212.06 b 34,850.80 c
K1 3.12 ab 225.75 ab 36,222.25 bc
K2 3.31 a 240.72 a 40,063.04 a
K3 3.20 ab 233.91 a 38,467.80 ab

表2

收获期甘薯大、中、小型薯块产量及薯率(2018年)"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 大型薯产量
Large potato yield
(kg hm-2)		 大型薯率
Large potato ratio
(%)		 中型薯产量
Medium potato yield
(kg hm-2)		 中型薯
Medium potato ratio
(%)		 小型薯产量Small potato
yield
(kg hm-2)		 小型薯率
Small potato ratio
(%)
烟薯25 YS25 K0 12,180.75 35.75 18,862.35 55.36 3025.65 8.88
K1 9,183.45 25.09 21,663.60 58.33 6157.80 16.58
K2 6,093.60 15.61 28,754.55 73.66 4188.60 10.73
K3 11,221.20 28.13 22,242.90 55.76 6426.30 16.11
北京553 BJ553 K0 21,553.80 61.06 12,484.05 34.93 1433.25 4.01
K1 21,693.90 59.64 12,666.90 34.97 1952.40 5.39
K2 14,583.45 36.08 22,579.50 56.36 3024.75 7.55
K3 14,241.45 39.03 20,291.10 55.13 2149.50 5.84

表3

收获期甘薯块根整齐度(2018年)"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 单薯重
Fresh weight		 块根长度
Storage root length		 块根直径
Storage root diameter
(g lump-1) CV (%) (cm lump-1) CV (%) (mm lump-1) CV (%)
烟薯25
YS25		 K0 137.02 d 13.86 22.33 c 26.73 44.39 c 43.09
K1 152.22 c 11.78 24.00 ab 19.12 50.23 b 28.16
K2 160.84 a 8.72 24.50 a 14.68 53.57 a 18.85
K3 156.02 b 9.24 23.50 b 26.09 49.92 b 25.16
北京553
BJ553		 K0 202.74 d 12.05 19.46 c 28.33 70.28 a 28.83
K1 225.75 c 6.03 22.46 ab 22.09 65.45 b 26.58
K2 239.59 a 5.16 23.79 a 20.56 55.40 c 25.61
K3 214.63 c 7.76 21.39 b 23.84 66.21 b 27.78

图1

施钾量对甘薯粗根中生长素含量的影响(2018年) 以不同字母的值在处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。处理和缩写同表1。"

图2

施钾量对甘薯粗根中玉米核苷含量的影响(2018年) 标以不同字母的值在处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。处理和缩写同表1。"

图3

施钾量对甘薯粗根中赤霉素含量的影响(2018年) 标以不同字母的值在处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。处理和缩写同表1。"

图4

增施钾肥对甘薯粗根中吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性的影响(2018年) 标以不同字母的值在处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。处理和缩写同表1。"

图5

增施钾肥对甘薯粗根中过氧化物酶活性的影响(2018年) 标以不同字母的值在处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。处理和缩写同表1。"

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