作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1760-1770.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.04079
张海燕1(), 汪宝卿1(), 冯向阳2, 李广亮3, 解备涛1, 董顺旭1, 段文学1,*(), 张立明4,*()
ZHANG Hai-Yan1(), WANG Bao-Qing1(), FENG Xiang-Yang2, LI Guang-Liang3, XIE Bei-Tao1, DONG Shun-Xu1, DUAN Wen-Xue1,*(), ZHANG Li-Ming4,*()
摘要:
在人工控水条件下, 以抗旱品种济薯21和不抗旱品种济紫薯1号为试验材料,每个品种设全生育期正常灌水(WW, 对照)、发根分枝期干旱胁迫(DS1)、蔓薯并长期干旱胁迫(DS2)、快速膨大期干旱胁迫(DS3) 4个水分处理,研究不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯生长和渗透调节能力的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫导致甘薯鲜薯产量显著下降,不同时期干旱胁迫比较,以发根分枝期干旱胁迫(DS1)下降幅度最大,品种间比较,以不抗旱品种下降幅度最大。从3年平均数据来看, DS1处理, 济薯21和济紫薯1号的鲜薯产量分别比对照降低28.59%和38.77%; DS2处理分别比对照降低25.20%和33.50%; DS3处理分别比对照降低14.55%和19.56%。干旱胁迫导致甘薯生物量显著下降,栽后100d,DS1、DS2、DS3的地上部生物量与对照相比,济薯21分别降低32.68%、20.79%、11.72%,济紫薯1号分别降低46.45%、31.89%、18.43%;地下部生物量与对照相比,济薯21分别降低37.69%、25.86%、10.67%,济紫薯1号分别降低54.34%、33.48%、14.20%。干旱胁迫条件下,甘薯功能叶相对含水量下降,功能叶、纤维根和块根中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸总量和脯氨酸等渗透调节物质含量均上升, 干旱胁迫时间越早,下降或升高的幅度越大。前期干旱胁迫对渗透调节能力的影响无法在复水后得到有效恢复,而后期干旱胁迫对渗透调节能力的影响可在复水后恢复到对照水平。
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