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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1760-1770.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.04079

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯生长和渗透调节能力的影响

张海燕1(), 汪宝卿1(), 冯向阳2, 李广亮3, 解备涛1, 董顺旭1, 段文学1,*(), 张立明4,*()   

  1. 1 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 / 农业农村部黄淮海薯类科学观测实验站 / 特色作物山东省工程实验室, 山东济南 250100
    2 昌乐县农业农村局, 山东昌乐 262400
    3 邹城市张庄镇农技站, 山东邹城 273507
    4 山东省农业科学院, 山东济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-27 接受日期:2020-07-02 出版日期:2020-11-12 网络出版日期:2020-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 段文学,张立明
  • 作者简介:张海燕,E-mail:zhang_haiyan02@163.com|汪宝卿,E-mail:76853722@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由山东省薯类产业创新团队项目(SDAIT-16-09);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-10-B08);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016A05);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ022)

Effects of drought treatments at different growth stages on growth and the activity of osmotic adjustment in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]

ZHANG Hai-Yan1(), WANG Bao-Qing1(), FENG Xiang-Yang2, LI Guang-Liang3, XIE Bei-Tao1, DONG Shun-Xu1, DUAN Wen-Xue1,*(), ZHANG Li-Ming4,*()   

  1. 1 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tubers and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Featured Crops, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
    2 Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Changle, Changle 262400, Shandong, China
    3 Zhangzhuang Town Agrotechnical Station of Zoucheng City, Zoucheng 273507, Shandong, China
    4 Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-03-27 Accepted:2020-07-02 Published:2020-11-12 Published online:2020-07-14
  • Contact: Wen-Xue DUAN,Li-Ming ZHANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Shandong Province Modern Agricultural Technology System Tubers and Root Crops Innovation Team(SDAIT-16-09);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-10-B08);the Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016A05);and the Major Agricultural Application Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province(SD2019ZZ022)

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摘要：

在人工控水条件下, 以抗旱品种济薯21和不抗旱品种济紫薯1号为试验材料,每个品种设全生育期正常灌水(WW, 对照)、发根分枝期干旱胁迫(DS1)、蔓薯并长期干旱胁迫(DS2)、快速膨大期干旱胁迫(DS3) 4个水分处理,研究不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯生长和渗透调节能力的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫导致甘薯鲜薯产量显著下降,不同时期干旱胁迫比较,以发根分枝期干旱胁迫(DS1)下降幅度最大,品种间比较,以不抗旱品种下降幅度最大。从3年平均数据来看, DS1处理, 济薯21和济紫薯1号的鲜薯产量分别比对照降低28.59%和38.77%; DS2处理分别比对照降低25.20%和33.50%; DS3处理分别比对照降低14.55%和19.56%。干旱胁迫导致甘薯生物量显著下降,栽后100d,DS1、DS2、DS3的地上部生物量与对照相比,济薯21分别降低32.68%、20.79%、11.72%,济紫薯1号分别降低46.45%、31.89%、18.43%;地下部生物量与对照相比,济薯21分别降低37.69%、25.86%、10.67%,济紫薯1号分别降低54.34%、33.48%、14.20%。干旱胁迫条件下,甘薯功能叶相对含水量下降,功能叶、纤维根和块根中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸总量和脯氨酸等渗透调节物质含量均上升, 干旱胁迫时间越早,下降或升高的幅度越大。前期干旱胁迫对渗透调节能力的影响无法在复水后得到有效恢复,而后期干旱胁迫对渗透调节能力的影响可在复水后恢复到对照水平。

关键词: 甘薯, 干旱胁迫, 渗透调节能力

Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted using two sweet potato cultivars (Jishu 21, a drought-tolerant cultivar, and Jizishu 1, a drought-sensitive cultivar) with four water treatments to investigate the effects of drought treatments at different growth stages on growth and the activity of osmotic adjustment in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], including well-watered treatment during the whole growth period (WW, control), drought stress during the establishment stage (DS1), drought stress during the storage root initial stage (DS2), and drought stress during the storage root bulking stage (DS3). Drought stress resulted in significant decrease of fresh weight of storage roots in sweet potato. Compared with drought stress in different periods, drought stress during the establishment stage (DS1) decreased the fresh weight most. Compared between cultivars, drought-sensitive cultivar decreased the fresh weight most. The average in three years, compared with the control, the fresh weight of drought-tolerant cultivar (Jishu 21) and drought-sensitive cultivar (Jizishu 1) decreased 28.59% and 38.77% in DS1 treatment, respectively, while 25.20% and 33.50% in DS2 treatment, respectively and 14.55% and 19.56% in DS3 treatment, respectively. Drought stress resulted in significant decrease of biomass of storage roots in sweet potato. One hundred days after planting, compared with the control, the biomass of aboveground part of Jishu 21 in DS1, DS2, and DS3 decreased 32.68%, 20.79%, and 11.72%, respectively, while Jizishu 1 decreased 46.45%, 31.89%, and 18.43%, respectively. The biomass of underground part of Jishu 21 in DS1, DS2, and DS3 decreased 37.69%, 25.86%, and 10.67%, respectively, while Jizishu 1 decreased 54.34%, 33.48%, and 14.20%, respectively. Under drought stress, the relative water content of functional leaves decreased, and the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, free amino acid and proline in functional leaves, fibrous roots and storage roots increased. The earlier the application of drought stress, the greater the decrease or increase. The effects of drought stress applied at early stages on osmotic adjustment could not be effectively recovered after re-watering, while the osmotic adjustment could be recovered to the control level after re-watering when drought stress was applied at later stage.

Key words: sweet potato, drought stress, activity of osmotic adjustment

表1

不同时期的土壤相对含水量"

生长期
Growth stage		 栽插后天数
Days from planting (d)		 土壤相对含水量Relative soil water content (%)
WW DS1 DS2 DS3
发根分枝期Establishment stage 0-30 75±5 35±5 75±5 75±5
蔓薯并长期Storage root initial stage 30-60 75±5 75±5 35±5 75±5
快速膨大期Storage root bulking stage 60-90 75±5 75±5 75±5 35±5

表2

不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯鲜薯产量的影响"

处理
Treatment		 济薯21 Jishu 21 济紫薯1号 Jizishu 1
鲜薯产量
Fresh weight (kg hm-2)		 比对照
Compared with CK (%)		 鲜薯产量
Fresh weight (kg hm-2)		 比对照
Compared with CK (%)
WW 14,084.29±425.30 a — 12,091.02±450.74 a —
DS1 10,057.41±359.92 c -28.59 7403.10±362.38 c -38.77
DS2 10,535.46±368.99 c -25.20 8040.26±371.05 c -33.50
DS3 12,034.76±389.41 b -14.55 9725.62±349.28 b -19.56

表3

不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯地上部和地下部生物量的影响"

品种
Variety		 栽植后天数
Days after planting (d)		 处理 Treatment
WW DS1 DS2 DS3
地上部生物量
Biomass of aboveground part (g plant-1)		 济薯21
Jishu 21		 40 156.47±26.53 a 101.58±22.84 b 150.85±27.02 a 153.95±24.68 a
60 536.65±24.25 a 289.13±21.31 c 457.06±20.26 b 537.19±20.69 a
80 697.55±24.15 a 446.87±21.87 d 534.30±22.74 c 607.51±21.34 b
100 738.86±27.77 a 497.41±23.48 d 585.23±20.14 c 652.23±21.65 b
济紫薯1号
Jizishu 1		 40 156.28±21.84 a 89.08±20.69 b 150.20±21.37 a 155.60±23.56a
60 648.93±26.54 a 328.34±23.24 c 452.25±22.76 b 605.27±28.67 a
80 817.86±21.73 a 435.04±26.58 d 525.66±22.76 c 672.33±25.67 b
100 867.39±24.81 a 464.49±22.16 d 590.75±25.09 c 707.52±28.45 b
地下部生物量
Biomass of underground part (g plant-1)		 济薯21
Jishu 21		 40 14.23±1.26 a 8.25.±1.35 c 11.78±1.13 b 13.67±1.77 ab
60 29.94±1.36 a 21.19±1.09 c 26.15±1.68 b 31.68±1.96 a
80 89.46±2.76 a 56.07±3.87 d 68.42±1.86 c 80.87±1.96 b
100 137.50±4.89 a 85.67±3.15 d 101.94±4.06 c 122.83±3.04 b
济紫薯1号
Jizishu 1		 40 13.73±2.46 a 6.73±1.07 c 10.44±1.84 b 13.97±1.58 a
60 34.03±1.56 a 16.97±1.26 c 22.02±2.77 b 31.39±2.67 a
80 68.36±3.24 a 35.30±3.68 d 49.21±3.37 c 61.64±3.24 b
100 118.50±3.25 a 54.11±3.12 d 78.83±5.98 c 101.67±5.06 b

图1

不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯功能叶相对含水量的影响 JS21: 济薯21; JZ1: 济紫薯1号。误差线表示3次重复的标准差。处理同表1。"

图2

不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯功能叶可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量的影响 JS21: 济薯21; JZ1: 济紫薯1号。误差线表示3次重复的标准差。处理同表1。"

图3

不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯纤维根可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量的影响 JS21: 济薯21; JZ1: 济紫薯1号。误差线表示3次重复的标准差。处理同表1。"

图4

不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯块根可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量的影响 JS21: 济薯21; JZ1: 济紫薯1号。误差线表示3次重复的标准差。处理同表1。"

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