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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 1970-1978.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.04010

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

5个工业大麻品种对5种重金属污染土壤的修复潜力

许艳萍1,2(), 杨明2, 郭鸿彦2, 杨清辉1,*()   

  1. 1云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院, 云南昆明 650201
    2云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所, 云南昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-13 接受日期:2020-08-19 出版日期:2020-09-04 网络出版日期:2020-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 杨清辉
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31660351);国家现代农业产业技术体系(麻类作物)建设专项(CARS-19-E05)

Phytoremediation potential of five industrial hemp varieties on five heavy metal polluted soils

Yan-Ping XU1,2(), Ming YANG2, Hong-Yan GUO2, Qing-Hui YANG1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
    2Industrial Crop Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2020-01-13 Accepted:2020-08-19 Published:2020-09-04 Published online:2020-09-25
  • Contact: Qing-Hui YANG
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660351);China Agriculture Research System for Bast and Leaf Fiber Crops(CARS-19-E05)

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摘要：

为探究不同工业大麻品种在苗期与工艺成熟期对铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)与砷(As)的富集和转运能力。本研究以5个主栽工业大麻品种为试验材料, 开展云南矿区重金属污染农田修复试验。结果表明, 5个工业大麻品种积累5种重金属的能力均较强。根系对5种重金属的富集在工艺成熟期高于苗期; 茎叶对重金属Pb、As和Cd的富集在工艺成熟期高于苗期, 但对Cu、Zn的富集却表现为苗期高于工艺成熟期。转移系数表明, 在苗期, 茎叶对5种重金属的转运系数均>1, 说明其对5种重金属的转运能力均较强; 在工艺成熟期, 5个工业大麻品种的茎叶对Pb、As和Cd的转运能力较强, 对Cu、Zn的转运能力较弱。5个工业大麻品种在工艺成熟期对Pb、As、Cu、Cd和Zn的绝对富集量存在差异, 分别为431.65~644.29、365.14~624.25、180.65~194.06、15.13~24.40、540.07~684.27 g hm -2, 云麻1号和云麻5号对Pb、As、Cd、Zn的绝对富集量最高, 显著高于其他品种。综上所述, 云麻1号和云麻5号富集转运系数和修复效率均高于云麻2号、云麻3号和云麻4号。因此云麻1号和云麻5号为5种重金属的富集能力最强潜力品种, 适宜在云南重金属污染地区推广种植, 为当地土壤重金属污染治理提供了理论参考和技术依据。

关键词: 工业大麻, 重金属, 修复潜力

Abstract:

Uptake and translocation of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in industrial hemp genotypes were investigated at seedling and physiological maturity, in order to provide an insight for phytoremediation of mining soils in Yunnan. The experiment was conducted using five main varieties of industrial hemp viz., Yunma (ym)1, ym2, ym3, ym4, and ym5 under mining areas of Yunnan. Results showed that uptake and translocation of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and As in all hemp genotypes were high at the seedling stage. Accumulation of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and As contents in hemp roots were higher at physiological maturity as compared to seedling stage. However, comparing to seedling stage, Pb, As, and Cd contents in stems and leaves were higher at physiological maturity stage. Translocation factor coefficients of hemp stem and leaf to all heavy metals were more than 1.0 at seedling stage. At physiological maturity stage, translocation of Pb, As and Cd in stems and leaves of all hemp varieties were higher compared with Cu and Zn. The accumulated contents of Pb, As, Cu, Cd, and Zn in plants were 31.65-644.29, 365.14-624.25, 180.65-194.06, 15.13-24.40, and 540.07-684.27 g hm -2, respectively. However, highest contents of Pb, As, Cd, and Zn were observed in hemp variety Yunma 1 and Yunma 5, which suggested that these two varieties had significantly higher metal accumulation and translocation compared to other varieties. In conclusion, the bioconcentration ratios, translocation factor and phytoremediation ability of hemp variety Yunma 1 and Yunma 5 were higher than those of Yunma 2, Yunma 3, and Yunma 4. These results showed that both Yunma 1 and Yunma 5 were potential candidates for remediation of heavy metal polluted areas in Yunnan.

Key words: industrial hemp, heavy metals, remediation potential

图1

不同工业大麻品种不同时期根系重金属的含量 A: 根系Pb含量; B: 根系As含量; C: 根系Cu的含量; D: 根系Cd的含量; E: 根系Zn的含量。ym1: 云麻1号; ym2: 云麻2号; ym3: 云麻3号; ym4: 云麻4号; ym5: 云麻5号。图中不同字母表示在0.05水平上的差异显著。"

图2

不同工业大麻品种不同时期茎叶重金属的含量 A: 茎叶Pb含量; B: 茎叶As含量; C: 茎叶Cu的含量; D: 茎叶Cd的含量; E: 茎叶Zn的含量。ym1: 云麻1号; ym2: 云麻2号; ym3: 云麻3号; ym4: 云麻4号; ym5: 云麻5号。图中不同字母表示在0.05水平上的差异显著。"

表1

苗期重金属在不同器官的富集系数(BCF)"

品种
Variety		 Pb As Cu Cd Zn
根
Root		 茎叶
Stem and leaf		 根
Root		 茎叶
Stem and leaf		 根
Root		 茎叶
Stem and leaf		 根
Root		 茎叶
Stem and leaf		 根
Root		 茎叶
Stem and leaf
ym1 0.09 a 0.27 a 0.05 b 0.39 a 0.28 c 0.73 a 0.05 c 1.20 a 0.34 b 0.74 a
ym2 0.08 a 0.22 c 0.08 ab 0.41 a 0.32 a 0.81 a 0.09 c 0.93 a 0.40 a 0.61 a
ym3 0.08 a 0.24 b 0.08 ab 0.42 a 0.30 bc 0.83 a 0.03 c 0.96 a 0.38 a 0.69 a
ym4 0.09 a 0.19 d 0.10 a 0.28 b 0.33 a 0.86 a 0.18 b 0.78 a 0.37 a 0.62 a
ym5 0.09 a 0.26 ab 0.09 a 0.42 a 0.31 ab 0.82 a 0.30 a 1.15 a 0.40 a 0.77 a

表2

苗期重金属在不同器官的转运系数(TF)"

品种
Variety		 Pb茎叶/根
Pb TF in stem and leaf/root		 As茎叶/根
As TF in stem and leaf/root		 Cu茎叶/根
Cu TF in stem and leaf/root		 Cd茎叶/根
Cd TF in stem and leaf/root		 Zn茎叶/根
Zn TF in stem and leaf/root
ym1 2.93 a 8.68 a 2.65 a 24.88 ab 2.19 a
ym2 2.78 a 5.22 bc 2.53 a 13.81 bc 1.55 b
ym3 2.86 a 5.83 b 2.81 a 32.53 a 1.83 ab
ym4 2.18 b 2.94 c 2.64 a 5.48 c 1.66 ab
ym5 2.93 a 4.96 bc 2.69 a 3.84 c 1.92 ab

表3

工艺成熟期重金属在不同器官的富集系数(BCF)"

品种
Variety		 Pb As Cu Cd Zn
根
Root		 茎叶
Stem and leaf		 根
Root		 茎叶
Stem and leaf		 根
Root		 茎叶
Stem and leaf		 根
Root		 茎叶
Stem and leaf		 根
Root		 茎叶
Stem and leaf
ym1 0.22 a 0.26 a 0.15 c 0.51 a 0.32 b 0.24 b 0.65 b 0.92 a 0.42 c 0.45 b
ym2 0.13 c 0.27 a 0.37 a 0.30 c 0.32 b 0.28 a 0.81 ab 0.90 a 0.48 bc 0.65 a
ym3 0.15 bc 0.19 ab 0.23 b 0.36 bc 0.39 ab 0.29 a 0.63 b 0.52 b 0.55 ab 0.42 b
ym4 0.19 ab 0.22 ab 0.36 a 0.41 b 0.48 a 0.26 ab 1.09 a 0.80 a 0.58 ab 0.44 b
ym5 0.17 bc 0.18 b 0.31 a 0.48 a 0.46 ab 0.24 b 0.49 b 0.74 a 0.51 a 0.45 b

表4

工艺成熟期重金属在不同器官的转运系数(TF)"

品种
Variety		 Pb茎叶/根
Pb TF of stem and leaf/root		 As茎叶/根
As TF of stem and leaf/root		 Cu茎叶/根
Cu TF of stem and leaf/root		 Cd茎叶/根
Cd TF of stem and leaf/root		 Zn茎叶/根
Zn TF of stem and leaf/root
ym1 1.21 b 3.30 a 0.76 ab 1.52 ab 1.08 b
ym2 2.02 a 0.77 b 0.89 a 1.20 ab 1.36 a
ym3 1.23 b 1.74 b 0.74 ab 0.91 ab 0.77 d
ym4 1.23 b 1.05 b 0.56 b 0.77 b 0.76 d
ym5 1.03 b 1.48 b 0.54 b 1.77 a 0.88 c

表5

工业大麻对重金属的绝对富集量"

时期
Stage		 品种
Variety		 Pb As Cu Cd Zn
苗期
Seeding stage		 ym1 43.59 a 27.83 a 31.61 b 2.13 a 96.20 a
ym2 29.10 c 23.51 b 26.56 c 1.32 b 63.61 e
ym3 32.18 b 22.79 b 26.93 c 1.38 b 71.32 d
ym4 21.98 d 16.55 c 13.63 d 1.35 b 22.71 c
ym5 42.84 a 29.88 a 34.41 a 2.05 a 92.87 b
工艺成熟期
Physiological maturity stage		 ym1 644.29 a 624.25 a 194.06 a 24.40 a 669.15 a
ym2 431.65 d 365.14 c 179.67 a 16.64 b 560.11 b
ym3 477.83 c 393.77 c 197.21 a 15.13 b 577.06 b
ym4 440.33 d 371.86 c 180.65 a 16.35 b 540.07 b
ym5 535.77 b 550.76 b 180.94 a 22.60 a 684.27 a
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