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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 728-737.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04146

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

苗期重金属胁迫下蓖麻生长、生理和重金属积累效应

吕冬梅1,2(), 朱广龙1(), 王玥1, 施雨1, 卢发光1, 任桢1, 刘昱茜1, 顾立峰1, 卢海潼1, Irshad Ahmad1, 焦秀荣1, 孟天瑶1, 周桂生1,*()   

  1. 1扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
    2加拿大麦吉尔大学植物科学系, 加拿大蒙特利尔H9X3V9
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-03 接受日期:2020-10-14 出版日期:2021-04-12 网络出版日期:2020-11-18
  • 通讯作者: 周桂生
  • 作者简介:吕冬梅, E-mail: dongmei. lyu@mail.mcgill.ca;|朱广龙, E-mail: zhuguang2007@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0108100);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800201);扬州大学科技创新培育基金(2019CXJ198);江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ[2019]47);扬州市绿扬金凤人才计划(2018)

Growth, physiological, and heavy metal accumulation traits at seedling stage under heavy metal stress in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

LYU Dong-Mei1,2(), ZHU Guang-Long1(), WANG Yue1, SHI Yu1, LU Fa-Guang1, REN Zhen1, LIU Yu-Qian1, GU Li-Feng1, LU Hai-Tong1, Irshad Ahmad1, JIAO Xiu-Rong1, MENG Tian-Yao1, ZHOU Gui-Sheng1,*()   

  1. 1Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology in Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal H9X3V9, Canada
  • Received:2020-07-03 Accepted:2020-10-14 Published:2021-04-12 Published online:2020-11-18
  • Contact: ZHOU Gui-Sheng
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0108100);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0800201);Science and Technology Innovation Cultivating Fund of Yangzhou University(2019CXJ198);Innovation and Promotion of Forestry Science and Technology Program of Jiangsu Province(LYKJ[2019]47);Talent Project of ‘LyuYangJinFeng’ of Yangzhou Government(2018)

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摘要：

农业面源和重金属污染日益加剧, 严重威胁农业生态环境与人类健康。探究作物对重金属的累积效应及生理机制对重金属污染的治理意义重大。本文以淄蓖5号为材料, 研究重金属处理下(Cu、Zn、Cd, 处理浓度分别为0、30、60、120 mg L-1)蓖麻幼苗对各重金属的积累效应及相关生理机制, 为重金属污染土壤的修复与防治奠定基础。重金属处理显著影响蓖麻植株的生长、生理及对重金属的积累。随着重金属浓度的增加, 株高先增后降, 在60 mg L-1时达最大值; 根长、鲜重、干重显著降低。叶片中SOD活性先降后增, 在10 DAS (播种后天数) 120 mg L-1 Cu和Zn处理下活性最高, 分别增加了45.5%和31.8%; POD活性在10 DAS先降后增, 而在25 DAS和45 DAS显著增加, 且POD活性随生长进程的推进增加显著。可溶性蛋白含量仅在120 mg L-1Cu处理下显著增加, 分别增加了18.8%、66.7%和83.3%。MDA含量随着处理浓度的增加显著增加, 随生育进程的推进而显著降低, 且Cd处理下的MDA含量显著高于Cu和Zn处理。蓖麻植株对Cu、Zn、Cd的积累量随处理浓度的增加而递增, 在120 mg L-1浓度下积累量最大, 其中对Zn的积累量最高, Cd次之, 各器官对重金属的积累量表现为根>茎>叶。表明蓖麻对重金属具有一定的耐受性, 蓖麻植株主要通过提高抗氧化酶活性缓解重金属胁迫; 蓖麻对不同重金属的积累具有器官特异性; 种植蓖麻可作为修复Cu、Zn、Cd等重金属污染土壤的有效途径之一。

关键词: 蓖麻, 重金属胁迫, 生长特性, 重金属积累, 生理机制

Abstract:

Agricultural ecology environment and human health are seriously threated by aggravating agricultural non-point source and heavy metals pollution. It is of great significance to explore the cumulative effect of crops on heavy metal pollution and its physiological mechanism. A castor (Ricinus communis L.) variety Zibi 5 was used to study the accumulation effect of heavy metals and associated physiological mechanism under heavy metals treatments (Cu, Zn and Cd at 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg L-1 concentrations). The results showed that seedling growth, physiological traits and heavy metals accumulation significantly affected by heavy metal treatments. Plant height was increased to the maximum with 60 mg L-1 and then decreased. However, root length, fresh weight and dry weight were all decreased under heavy metal treatments. In general, SOD activity was decreased at low treatment concentration but increased at high treatment concentration, the highest activity was showed at 120 mg L-1 under Cu and Zn treatments at 10 DAS (days after sowing), which were 45.5% and 31.8% higher than that under CK, respectively. POD activity was first decreased and then increased on 10 DAS, but significantly increased in both 25 DAS and 45 DAS, as well as prominently increased with prolonged the growth periods. Soluble protein was only significantly increased under 120 mg L-1 Cu treatment, and increased by 18.8%, 66.7%, and 83.3% at each growth stage, respectively. MDA content was significantly increased with the increase of treatment concentration and significantly decreased with prolonged the growth periods, and MDA content was significant higher under Cd treatment than that under Cu and Zn treatments. The accumulation contents of Cu, Zn, and Cd in castor plant were gradually increased with the increase of treatment concentration, and the maximum accumulation was at 120 mg L-1 concentration. Among of them, the accumulation of treatment concentration increased, and the maximum accumulation showed at 120 mg L-1 concentration. Among them, the accumulation of Zn was the highest, followed by Cd. The accumulation content of heavy metals in each organ was shown as root > stem > leaf. This study suggested that castor has a certain tolerance to heavy metals, which was increased the antioxidase activity to alleviate heavy metals stress. The castor has organ specificity in heavy metals accumulation. It is an effective approach to plant castor to repair soil pollution by heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, and Cd.

Key words: castor, heavy metal stress, growth trait, heavy metal accumulation, physiological mechanism

图1

重金属处理下蓖麻幼苗株高的变化 10 DAS: 播种后第10天; 25 DAS: 播种后第25天。柱上同一时期不同大、小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。"

图2

重金属处理下蓖麻幼苗的根长变化 10 DAS: 播种后第10天; 25 DAS: 播种后第25天。柱上同一时期不同大、小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。"

表1

重金属处理下蓖麻幼苗植株的鲜重和干重变化"

处理
Treatment		 浓度
Concentration
(mg L-1)		 10 DAS 25 DAS
鲜重
Fresh weight
(g plant-1)		 干重
Dry weight
(g plant-1)		 鲜重
Fresh weight
(g plant-1)		 干重
Dry weight
(g plant-1)
Cu 0 2.14 a 0.30 a 3.11 c 0.61 c
30 1.87 b 0.21 d 3.33 b 0.71 b
60 1.35 d 0.26 b 3.00 d 0.55 d
120 1.69 c 0.24 c 3.75 a 0.81 a
Zn 0 2.14 a 0.30 a 3.11 b 0.61 a
30 1.61 c 0.26 b 2.79 c 0.42 cd
60 2.03 b 0.29 a 3.28 a 0.55 b
120 1.29 d 0.20 c 3.08 bc 0.47 c
Cd 0 2.14 a 0.30 a 3.11 a 0.61 a
30 1.88 b 0.22 c 1.86 d 0.54 b
60 1.04 d 0.14 d 2.15 c 0.56 b
120 1.72 c 0.26 b 2.45 b 0.57 b

图3

重金属处理下蓖麻植株中铜、锌、镉的积累量 10 DAS: 播种后第10天; 25 DAS: 播种后第25天。柱上同一时期不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。"

图4

重金属胁迫下蓖麻根、茎、叶积累的重金属含量变化 柱上同一时期不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。"

图5

重金属处理下不同时期蓖麻植株叶片的SOD活性变化 柱上同一时期不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。DAS: 播种后天数。"

表2

重金属处理下不同时期蓖麻植株叶片的POD活性的变化"

处理
Treatment		 浓度
Concentration (mg L-1)		 POD (U g-1 FW)
10 DAS 25 DAS 45 DAS
Cu 0 51.5 b 50.8 c 89.2 d
30 39.7 d 64.1 b 125.5 c
60 49.8 c 74.3 ab 166.0 b
120 57.5 a 79.5 a 275.0 a
Zn 0 46.8 c 49.8 d 156.3 d
30 32.0 d 70.7 c 175.9 c
60 60.9 b 79.8 b 269.2 b
120 75.3 a 92.5 a 419.0 a
Cd 0 47.5 b 53.2 d 135.1 d
30 26.4 d 59.4 c 246.1 c
60 37.8 c 82.0 a 327.4 a
120 66.6 a 80.2 b 260.2 b

图6

重金属处理下不同时期蓖麻植株叶片的可溶性蛋白 柱上同一时期不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。DAS: 播种后天数。"

表3

不同重金属处理下各时期蓖麻叶片的丙二醛含量"

处理
Treatment		 浓度
Concentration (mg L-1)		 MDA (μmol g-1 FW)
10 DAS 25 DAS 45 DAS
Cu 0 38.5 d 26.2 d 21.2 d
30 75.3 c 43.6 c 33.3 c
60 96.4 b 69.7 b 49.5 b
120 109.5 a 88.5 a 66.8 a
Zn 0 25.2 d 20.6 d 15.3 d
30 56.4 c 35.4 c 19.8 c
60 78.6 b 57.3 b 32.7 b
120 98.2 a 76.1 a 46.8 a
Cd 0 27.4 d 22.4 d 18.3 d
30 83.3 c 41.8 c 27.3 c
60 126.4 b 88.6 b 42.7 b
120 174.1 a 117.2 a 73.6 a
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