江苏太湖地区不同生育类型粳稻品种产量对不同播期气候因子的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02031

作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 952-963.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02031

江苏太湖地区不同生育类型粳稻品种产量对不同播期气候因子的响应

董明辉¹^,²^,^*(), 陈培峰¹, 江贻²^,³, 曹鹏辉¹, 宋云生¹, 顾俊荣¹, 谢裕林¹, 乔中英¹, 张文地²^,³, 黄丽芬²^,³

¹江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所, 江苏苏州215155
²江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州225009
³扬州大学, 江苏扬州225009

收稿日期:2020-05-09 接受日期:2020-11-13 出版日期:2021-05-12 网络出版日期:2020-12-15
通讯作者: 董明辉
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300102);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301206);江苏省六大人才高峰资助项目(NY-129);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX182014);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2019]105);苏州农业科学院基金项目(19008)

Response of yield of different growth types of japonica rice varieties to climatic factors at different sowing dates in Taihu region of Jiangsu province

DONG Ming-Hui¹^,²^,^*(), CHEN Pei-Feng¹, JIANG Yi²^,³, CAO Peng-Hui¹, SONG Yun-Sheng¹, GU Jun-Rong¹, XIE Yu-Lin¹, QIAO Zhong-Ying¹, ZHANG Wen-Di²^,³, HUANG Li-Fen²^,³

¹Taihu Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu, Suzhou 215155, Jiangsu, China
²Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
³Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2020-05-09 Accepted:2020-11-13 Published:2021-05-12 Published online:2020-12-15
Contact: DONG Ming-Hui
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300102);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301206);Six Talents Summit Project of Jiangsu Province(NY-129);Independent Innovation Fund for Agricultural Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(CX182014);Agriculture Research System of Jiangsu Province(JATS[2019]105);Foundation of Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences(19008)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

光、温、水等气候因子是影响水稻产量形成的重要因素。为明确江苏太湖地区不同生育类型水稻产量对不同播期下气候因子变化的响应, 以期为该地区不同生育类型品种合理安排播期提供依据, 2018—2019年在苏州市农业科学院试验农场内以优质早熟品系苏1785和晚熟品种苏香粳100为材料, 采用分期播种方法研究了2种不同生育类型水稻产量及其构成对不同播期气候因子的响应特性。结果表明, 不同生育期类型品种随着播期推迟产量降低, 晚熟品种产量在播期间和年度间产量变异较早熟品种大, 稳产性较差。2个不同生育期类型品种有效穗、每穗总粒数随播期推迟均呈降低趋势, 而结实率和千粒重播期间的差异因生育类型不同而异, 早播使早熟品种结实率显著下降, 迟播则使晚熟品种千粒重显著下降。迟播对早熟品种抽穗前光合势的影响程度高于晚熟品种, 对抽穗后干物质积累量和群体生产率的影响则相反, 迟播条件下晚熟品种茎鞘物质输出率和运转率下降迅速, 不利于茎鞘物质的转运和灌浆物质的积累。相关分析表明, 日照时数是影响水稻产量的首要气候因子, 日均气温和有效积温对产量的影响因品种生育类型不同存在差异, 日均气温和有效积温与早熟品种的产量呈显著正相关关系, 而日均气温与晚熟品种的产量相关不显著, 气候因子对产量的影响表现为: 日照时数>日均气温, 有效积温>降雨量。

关键词: 水稻, 播期, 气候因子, 品种类型, 产量

Abstract:

Light, temperature, water are important factors affecting the formation of rice yield. In order to investigate the response of different growth types of rice to climate factors under different sowing dates in Taihu region of Jiangsu province and to provide the basis for reasonable sowing date arrangement of different growth type varieties in the region, two different growth types with high-quality early maturing line Su 1785 and late maturing variety Suxiangjing 100 were planted at different sowing dates from 2018 to 2019 in the experimental farm of Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that the yield of varieties with different growth stages decreased with the delay of sowing date. The yield variation of late maturing varieties was larger than that of early maturing varieties during sowing dates and years, and the stability of yield was poor. The effective panicles and the total grains per panicle of two varieties at different growth stages decreased with the delay of sowing date, while the differences of sowing dates of seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight varied with different growth types. Early sowing dates significantly reduced the seed setting rate of early maturing varieties, while late sowing dates significantly decreased 1000-grain weight of late maturing varieties. The effects of sowing dates on photosynthetic production before heading stage of early maturing varieties were significantly higher than that of late maturing varieties, while the effects on dry matter accumulation and population productivity after heading stage were opposite. Under the condition of late sowing dates, the stem sheath matter export rate and translocation rate of late maturing varieties decreased rapidly, which was not conducive to the transport of stem sheath materials and accumulation of filling materials. The correlation analysis showed that sunshine hours were the first most important climatic factors affecting rice yield. The effects of daily average temperature and effective accumulated temperature on rice yield varied with different growth types. Daily average temperature and effective accumulated temperature were significantly positively correlated with the yield of early maturing varieties, but not with late maturing varieties. The effects of climate factors on yield were as follows: sunshine hours > average daily temperature, and effective cumulative temperature > precipitation.

Key words: rice, sowing date, climatic factors, variety type, yield

董明辉, 陈培峰, 江贻, 曹鹏辉, 宋云生, 顾俊荣, 谢裕林, 乔中英, 张文地, 黄丽芬. 江苏太湖地区不同生育类型粳稻品种产量对不同播期气候因子的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(5): 952-963.

DONG Ming-Hui, CHEN Pei-Feng, JIANG Yi, CAO Peng-Hui, SONG Yun-Sheng, GU Jun-Rong, XIE Yu-Lin, QIAO Zhong-Ying, ZHANG Wen-Di, HUANG Li-Fen. Response of yield of different growth types of japonica rice varieties to climatic factors at different sowing dates in Taihu region of Jiangsu province[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(5): 952-963.

图/表 9

图1

图2

表1

不同播期下水稻各生育期气候因子"

年度Year	品种Variety type	播期Seeding date	播种-拔节S-J				拔节-抽穗J-H				抽穗-成熟H-J				全生育期Whole growth period
年度Year	品种Variety type	播期Seeding date	日均气温ADT (℃)	日照时数DSD (h)	降水量EP (mm)	有效积温EAT (℃ d)	日均气ADT (℃)	日照时数DSD (h)	降水量EP (mm)	有效积温EAT (℃ d)	日均气温ADT (℃)	日照时数DSD (h)	降水量EP(mm)	有效积温EAT (℃ d)	日均气温ADT (℃)	日照时数DSD (h)	降水量EP (mm)	有效积温EAT (℃ d)
2018	V1	B1	25.8	336.9	285.5	1613.2	30.1	268.6	102.3	894.6	26.7	358.4	341.2	1699.2	26.9	963.9	729.0	4207.0
		B2	26.3	357.2	277.2	1610.2	30.2	251.2	169.2	917.0	26.5	351.2	284.2	1682.4	27.0	959.6	730.6	4209.6
		B3	27.4	332.4	228.6	1583.4	30.4	241.3	182.2	916.2	25.5	340.6	214.2	1572.3	26.8	914.3	625.0	4071.9
		B4	28.2	312.2	247.2	1371.3	29.9	227.2	178.4	762.0	25.1	334.0	190.3	1498.2	26.7	873.4	615.9	3631.5
	V2	B1	26.9	492.2	329.3	2158.3	29.7	278.2	236.7	1018.9	23.5	308.2	147.3	1398.2	26.4	1078.6	713.3	4575.4
		B2	27.5	487.2	315.2	2047.9	29.4	269.3	225.3	1007.6	23.0	302.0	140.3	1349.2	26.2	1058.5	680.8	4404.7
		B3	28.2	466.3	288.2	1946.2	29.3	247.2	268.2	965.3	21.5	297.2	169.5	1305.5	26.1	1010.7	725.9	4217.0
		B4	28.8	444.0	248.2	1775.2	29.0	223.3	251.2	924.3	20.9	285.2	182.3	1289.3	25.9	952.5	681.7	3988.8
2019	V1	B1	25.4	314.9	266.3	1413.2	30.5	298.2	62.7	940.0	26.3	368.2	336.0	1676.4	26.5	981.3	665.0	4029.6
		B2	25.7	340.6	243.4	1530.2	31.0	248.4	226.0	963.6	26.9	346.6	162.8	1499.0	26.9	935.6	632.2	3992.8
		B3	26.6	317.2	188.4	1523.4	30.2	206.7	213.2	962.8	24.3	331.0	237.0	1414.1	26.5	854.9	638.6	3900.3
		B4	26.2	289.8	230.0	1371.3	28.3	201.2	214.0	800.8	23.5	326.4	197.9	1457.2	26.1	817.4	641.9	3629.3
	V2	B1	26.3	485.0	303.1	2040.3	30.1	295.0	261.3	1070.7	22.9	307.4	135.7	1371.0	25.4	1087.4	700.1	4482.0
		B2	26.5	481.2	293.4	1948.7	29.8	266.1	265.3	1058.8	22.2	306.6	142.7	1300.4	25.4	1057.7	701.4	4307.9
		B3	27.4	446.9	293.4	1837.2	29.3	220.6	313.4	1014.3	21.0	296.0	163.5	1281.3	25.2	963.5	770.3	4132.8
		B4	28.4	430.2	230.6	1573.8	28.4	193.9	245.2	971.3	20.3	291.6	167.3	1237.1	25.1	915.7	643.1	3782.2

表1

表2

表3

图3

表4

播期对干物质积累与运转的影响"

年度 Year	品种Variety type	播期 Seeding date	播种-拔节S-J		拔节-抽穗J-H		抽穗-成熟H-M		抽穗期群体干物质累积量DMAHS (t hm^-2)	成熟期群体干物质累积量DMAMS (t hm^-2)	茎鞘物质输出率 OPSDM (%)	茎鞘物质转运率 TPSDM (%)
年度 Year	品种Variety type	播期 Seeding date	累积量DMA (t hm^-2)	群体生产率GP (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	累积量 DMA (t hm^-2)	群体生产率GP (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	累积量 DMA (t hm^-2)	群体生产率GP (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	抽穗期群体干物质累积量DMAHS (t hm^-2)	成熟期群体干物质累积量DMAMS (t hm^-2)	茎鞘物质输出率 OPSDM (%)	茎鞘物质转运率 TPSDM (%)
2018	V1	B1	4.15 b	66.73 b	5.66 a	176.42 a	6.90 a	109.85 a	9.79 a	16.51 a	28.32 ab	16.31 ab
		B2	4.31 ab	70.36 b	5.87 a	188.62 a	7.01 a	114.71 a	10.28 a	17.01 a	31.59 a	18.96 a
		B3	4.49 a	80.35 b	4.51 b	167.05 b	6.84 ab	105.69 ab	8.87 b	15.90 b	27.32 ab	15.67 b
		B4	4.42 a	87.24 a	4.08 c	152.76 c	6.52 b	99.52b	8.59 b	13.87 c	26.44 b	13.54 c
		平均值Average	4.34	78.67	5.03	171.21	6.82	107.44	9.38	15.82	28.42	16.12
		变异系数CV	6.70	17.36	17.31	6.60	3.09	5.99	8.40	8.71	7.92	13.85
	V2	B1	4.90 a	62.00 b	6.38 a	167.91 a	8.22 a	137.07 a	11.28 a	19.50 a	30.93 a	16.74 a
		B2	4.89 a	66.48 b	5.98 a	161.68 a	8.11 a	137.46 a	10.90 a	19.01 a	28.66 ab	15.75 a
		B3	4.95 a	71.32 ab	5.15 b	147.26 b	7.57 b	128.46 b	10.00 b	17.58 b	25.26 b	12.90 b
		B4	4.99 a	82.69 a	4.59 c	131.01 c	6.82 c	114.25 c	9.77 b	16.51 b	22.08 c	10.95 b
		平均值Average	4.96	70.62	5.53	151.97	7.68	129.31	10.49	18.15	26.73	14.08
		变异系数CV	3.17	12.60	14.63	10.81	8.34	8.40	6.83	7.51	14.51	18.81
2019	V1	B1	3.93 c	70.21 c	5.86 a	197.70 a	7.14 a	131.29 a	10.21 ab	17.13 a	32.18 a	19.47 a
		B2	4.19 c	78.76 bc	6.19 a	207.94 a	7.17 a	125.61 ab	10.52 a	17.33 a	33.35 a	18.76 a
		B3	4.63 b	82.51 ab	4.41 b	173.33 b	7.16 a	125.61 ab	9.17 b	16.74 b	33.84 a	17.75 ab
		B4	5.02 a	87.86 a	3.94 c	168.04 b	6.62 b	123.24 b	8.87 b	16.13 c	28.06 b	15.68 b
		平均值Average	4.44	79.84	5.10	184.25	7.02	126.19	9.69	16.83	31.86	17.91
		变异系数CV	10.83	9.30	21.44	13.63	3.83	2.97	8.22	3.12	8.24	2.90
	V2	B1	4.68 c	59.26 c	6.10 a	160.51 a	7.86 a	131.03 a	10.78 a	18.64 a	29.57 a	16.00 a
		B2	4.83 bc	64.88 bc	5.84 a	157.78 a	7.91 a	134.14 a	10.64 a	18.55 ab	27.96 ab	15.37 ab
		B3	4.91 b	73.68 ab	5.33 b	152.16 a	7.83 a	132.72 a	10.34 b	18.16 b	26.10 b	13.32 b
		B4	5.33 a	81.77 a	4.53 c	129.57 b	6.74 b	112.99 b	9.67 c	16.33 c	21.84 c	10.83 c
		平均值Average	4.94	69.90	5.45	150.01	7.59	127.72	10.36	17.92	26.37	13.88
		变异系数CV	5.64	14.15	12.69	9.37	7.44	7.75	4.77	6.03	12.65	16.81

表4

图4

表5

气候因子与产量及产量构成因素的相关关系"

品种 Variety	时期 Growth stage	气候因子 Climatic factors	有效穗 Effective panicle	每穗总粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate	千粒重 1000-grain weight	产量 Yield
V1	播种-拔节 S-J	日均气温ADT	-0.698	-0.480	0.445	-0.299	-0.524
		日照时数DSD	0.748^*	0.681	-0.019	0.528	0.730^*
		降水量EP	0.166	0.102	-0.238	0.152	0.355
		有效积温EAT	0.389	0.242	-0.187	-0.275	0.852^**
	拔节-抽穗 J-H	日均气温ADT	0.375	0.725^*	0.241	0.697	0.748^*
		日照时数DSD	0.935^**	0.933^**	-0.861^**	0.522	0.917^**
		降水量EP	-0.374	-0.725^*	0.197	-0.136	-0.201
		有效积温EAT	0.138	0.484	-0.226	0.386	0.170
	抽穗-成熟 H-J	日均气温ADT	0.242	0.306	-0.485	0.758^*	0.664
		日照时数DSD	0.951^**	0.545	-0.834^**	0.862^**	0.790^*
		降水量EP	-0.306	0.358	-0.279	0.362	0.185
		有效积温EAT	0.324	0.112	-0.240	0.496	0.476
	全生育期Whole growth period	日均气温ADT	-0.258	0.784^*	0.306	0.646	0.824^**
		日照时数DSD	0.791^*	0.966^**	-0.677	0.733^*	0.917^**
		降水量EP	0.230	0.288	-0.390	0.569	0.151
		有效积温EAT	0.522	0.542	-0.330	0.321	0.725^*
V2	播种-拔节 S-J	日均气温ADT	-0.643	0.554	-0.583	-0.138	0.127
		日照时数DSD	0.822^**	0.727^*	0.873^**	0.777^*	0.885^**
		降水量EP	0.215	0.452	0.289	0.347	0.447
		有效积温EAT	0.302	0.185	0.352	0.132	0.215
	拔节-抽穗 J-H	日均气温ADT	0.708^*	0.882^**	0.355	0.227	0.498
		日照时数DSD	0.767^*	0.929^**	0.795^*	0.875^**	0.651
		降水量EP	-0.474	0.065	-0.392	-0.126	-0.131
		有效积温EAT	0.221	0.757^*	0.473	0.162	0.797^*
	抽穗-成熟 H-J	日均气温ADT	0.173	0.120	0.285	0.656	0.781^*
		日照时数DSD	0.381	-0.227	0.247	-0.075	0.023
		降水量EP	-0.231	-0.368	-0.272	-0.239	-0.383
		有效积温EAT	0.275	0.374	0.366	0.780^*	0.846^**
	全生育期Whole growth period	日均气温ADT	-0.371	0.636	-0.289	0.282	0.543
		日照时数DSD	0.772^*	0.898^**	0.797^*	0.759^*	0.881^**
		降水量EP	0.036	0.568	0.136	0.368	-0.386
		有效积温EAT	0.079	0.771^*	0.369	0.819^**	0.797^*

表5

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变异来源Source	平方和SS	自由度DF	均方MS	F值F-value
年度Year (Y)	271,397,697.2	1	271,397,697.2	1.02
品种Variety (V)	275,408,239.9	1	275,408,239.9	35.25^**
播期Seeding date (S)	962,699,403.8	3	320,899,801.3	258.36^**
年度×品种Y×V	266,099,179.1	1	266,099,179.1	18.35^**
年度×播期Y×S	795,987,468.5	3	265,329,156.2	29.24^**
品种×播期V×S	741,505,616.9	3	247,168,539.0	60.39^**
年度×品种×播期Y×V×S	794,176,078.2	3	264,725,359.4	39.48^**

年度Year	品种Variety	播期 Seeding date	有效穗 Effective panicle (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗总粒数Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t hm^-2)
2018	V1	B1	324.25 a	126.69 a	88.36 b	26.74 a	9.71 a
		B2	314.63 b	125.34 a	92.21 a	26.49 a	9.63 a
		B3	305.05 c	123.59 a	91.89 a	26.52 a	9.19 b
		B4	290.21 d	120.36 a	93.65 a	26.32 a	8.61 c
		平均值Average	308.54	124.00	91.53	26.52	9.28
		变异系数CV	4.70	2.21	2.45	0.65	5.43
	V2	B1	316.25 a	125.56 a	95.96 a	28.17 a	10.73 a
		B2	305.74 b	122.32 ab	95.44 a	27.59 b	9.85 b
		B3	290.38 c	117.32 ab	95.04 a	27.32 b	8.85 c
		B4	289.34 c	114.36 b	95.17 a	26.48 c	8.34 d
		平均值Average	300.43	119.89	95.40	27.39	9.44
		变异系数CV	4.31	4.18	0.43	2.57	11.29
2019	V1	B1	313.45 a	140.69 a	85.68 b	26.02 a	9.83 a
		B2	309.85 a	133.56 ab	92.95 a	26.39 a	10.15 a
		B3	297.49 b	129.91 bc	92.45 a	26.28 a	9.39 b
		B4	286.29 c	120.48 c	91.43 a	26.10 a	8.23 c
		平均值Average	301.77	131.16	90.63	26.20	9.40
		变异系数CV	4.10	6.41	3.71	0.64	8.94
	V2	B1	306.65 a	123.60 a	95.72 a	28.87 a	10.47 a
		B2	297.88 ab	120.10 a	95.38 a	28.83 a	9.84 b
		B3	288.10 b	119.62 a	94.10 a	27.84 b	9.03 c
		B4	285.14 b	107.52 b	93.25 a	25.64 c	7.33 d
		平均值Average	294.44	115.21	94.61	28.02	9.06
		变异系数CV	3.33	10.35	1.21	3.91	17.28

江苏太湖地区不同生育类型粳稻品种产量对不同播期气候因子的响应

Response of yield of different growth types of japonica rice varieties to climatic factors at different sowing dates in Taihu region of Jiangsu province

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