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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 964-973.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02040

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

减氮对辽粳5号/秋田小町RIL群体茎秆维管束、穗部和产量
性状的影响及其相互关系

程艳双(), 胡美艳, 杜志敏, 闫秉春, 李丽, 王祎玮, 鞠晓堂, 孙丽丽, 徐海*()   

  1. 沈阳农业大学水稻研究所 / 农业农村部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室 / 北方超级粳稻育种教育部重点实验室 / 辽宁省北方粳稻遗传育种重点实验室, 辽宁沈阳 110866
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-30 接受日期:2020-11-13 出版日期:2021-05-12 网络出版日期:2020-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 徐海
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 18302427383@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100502);辽宁省科技重大专项项目(2019JH1/10200001);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-11)

Effects of nitrogen reduction on stem vascular bundles, panicle and yield characters of RIL populations in Liaojing 5/Akitakaomaqi and their correlation

CHENG Yan-Shuang(), HU Mei-Yan, DU Zhi-Min, YAN Bing-Chun, LI Li, WANG Yi-Wei, JU Xiao-Tang, SUN Li-Li, XU Hai*()   

  1. Institute of Rice Research, Shenyang Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education / Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Genetics and Breeding of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2020-05-30 Accepted:2020-11-13 Published:2021-05-12 Published online:2020-12-15
  • Contact: XU Hai
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0100502);Major Scientific and Technological Projects of Liaoning Province(2019JH1/10200001);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-11)

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摘要：

以辽宁稻区典型的直立穗型品种辽粳5号与日本典型的优质米品种秋田小町杂交构建的重组自交系群体(recombination inbred lines, RIL)为试材, 在高氮和低氮2种施肥模式下种植, 调查RIL群体茎秆维管束、穗部和产量性状, 分析减氮对三者的影响及其相互关系, 探讨在减少氮肥施用量的同时维持产量稳定的可能途径。研究结果表明, 不同施氮模式下, RIL群体的茎秆维管束性状、穗部及产量性状均呈现连续变异, 符合多基因控制的数量性状遗传特点。氮肥减施后, RIL群体水稻的单茎穗颈和倒二节间维管束数目、单株穗颈和倒二节间维管束面积减少, 一次枝梗数减少, 一次和二次枝梗结实率、总体结实率和千粒重增加, 单穗重增加, 穗数减少, 产量降低。茎秆维管束性状与穗部和产量性状关系密切, 单茎维管束性状与穗颈粗、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、穗粒数、着粒密度、千粒重和单穗重大多呈显著至极显著的正相关, 单株维管束面积与穗数和产量呈极显著正相关。氮肥减施后, RIL群体中不减产类型株系的主要特征是: 低氮条件下仍能维持稳定的分蘖和茎秆维管束的分化, 保证穗数和穗颈粗稳定, 单茎穗颈和倒二节大、小维管束数目、单茎倒二节大维管束面积和单株倒二节大维管束面积无显著变化, 一次枝梗数变化不显著。在减施氮肥的条件下, 选用茎秆维管束发达, 穗数和穗颈粗稳定的水稻品种, 有可能实现减氮不减产的目标。

关键词: 减氮, 茎秆维管束性状, 穗部性状, 产量

Abstract:

The recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population constructed by crossing between Liaojing 5 (a typical erect panicle type rice variety in Liaoning) and Akitakaomaqi (a good quality rice variety in Japan) were used as experimental materials and planted under high nitrogen and low nitrogen fertilization mode. In order to explore the possible ways to maintain stable yield while reducing the amount of nitrogen application, we investigated the stem vascular, panicle and yield traits of the RIL population and analyzed the effects of nitrogen reduction on them and their correlation. The results showed that the traits of stem vascular bundle, spike and yield of RIL population showed continuous variation under two different fertilization models, which was consistent with the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. The number of vascular bundles of panicle neck and penultimate internode in a stem, the area of vascular bundles of panicle neck and penultimate internode in a plant were decreased, the number of primary branches decreased, the seed setting rate of primary and secondary branches, the total seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight increased, the weight of single panicle increased, the number of panicle decreased, and the yield was decreased after nitrogen fertilizer reduction. The traits of vascular bundle in stem were closely related to the traits of panicle and yield. The traits of vascular bundle in single stem were positively correlated with the thickness of panicle neck, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of panicle grains, kernel density, 1000-seed weight, and the number of panicles. The area of vascular bundle per plant was positively correlated with the number of panicles and yield. After nitrogen decrease treatment, the main characteristics of no reduction yield type in RIL populations were as follows: under the condition of low nitrogen, there was a stable differentiation of tiller and stem vascular bundle, ensuring the stable number of panicles and neck diameter; there was not significant differences in the number of big and small vascular bundles of panicle necks and penultimate internodes in a stem, the area of big vascular bundles of penultimate internodes in a stem and in a plant, and number of stems and branches. Under the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilizer, it is possible to achieve the goal of reducing nitrogen without reducing yield by selecting rice varieties with developed vascular bundles in stems and stable panicle numbers and panicle necks.

Key words: nitrogen reduction, stem vascular bundles traits, panicle traits, yield

表1

供试材料的施氮处理"

施肥模式
Fertilizer pattern		 基肥
Basal fertilizer		 促蘖肥Topdressing for tillering 保蘖肥
Fertilizer for tiller growth		 穗肥
Panicle fertilizer		 粒肥
Grain fertilizer
尿素
Urea		 磷酸二铵
DAP		 氯化钾
KCl		 尿素
Urea		 尿素
Urea		 尿素
Urea		 氯化钾
KCl		 尿素
Urea
高氮区HNP 150 150 112.5 150 75 90 75 0
低氮区LNP 0 10 112.5 75 0 45 75 18

图1

高、低氮模式下RIL群体的茎秆维管束性状的次数分布图 HNP: 高氮区; LNP: 低氮区; PN LVBN of a stem: 单茎穗颈节大维管束个数; PN SVBN of a stem: 单茎穗颈节小维管束个数; PN LVPA of a stem: 单茎穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积; PN LVXA of a stem: 单茎穗颈节大维管束木质部面积; PN LVA of a stem: 单茎穗颈节大维管束面积; SI LVBN of a stem: 单茎倒二节大维管束个数; SI SVBN of a stem: 单茎倒二节小维管束个数; SI LVPA of a stem: 单茎倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积; SI LVXA of a stem: 单茎倒二节大维管束木质部面积; SI LVA of a stem: 单茎倒二节大维管束面积; PN LVPA of a plant: 单株穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积; PN LVXA of a plant: 单株穗颈节大维管束木质部面积; PN LVA of a plant: 单株穗颈节大维管束面积; SI LVPA of a plant: 单株倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积; SI LVXA of a plant: 单株倒二节大维管束木质部面积; SI LVA of a plant: 单株倒二节大维管束面积。"

表2

氮肥减施后RIL群体茎秆维管束性状的变化"

性状
Trait		 高氮区
HNP		 低氮区
LNP
单茎穗颈节大维管束个数PN LVBN of a stem 12.36±0.08 11.97±0.08**
单茎穗颈节小维管束个数PN SVBN of a stem 20.45±0.20 19.89±0.17**
单茎穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积PN LVPA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 3.22±0.05 3.35±0.05*
单茎穗颈节大维管束木质部面积PN LVXA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 5.08±0.08 5.03±0.08
单茎穗颈节大维管束面积PN LVA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 14.30±0.22 14.96±0.20**
单茎倒二节大维管束个数SI LVBN of a stem 31.17±0.12 30.67±0.13**
单茎倒二节小维管束个数SI SVBN of a stem 27.76±0.11 27.04±0.12**
单茎倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积SI LVPA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 6.16±0.09 6.15±0.10
单茎倒二节大维管束木质部面积SI LVXA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 12.54±0.13 12.12±0.14*
单茎倒二节大维管束面积SI LVA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 30.97±0.31 31.93±0.33**
单株倒二节韧皮部面积SI LVPA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 82.13±1.95 62.74±1.23**
单株倒二节木质部面积SI LVXA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 167.18±3.68 124.72±2.43**
单株倒二节维管束面积SI LVA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 415.14±9.66 328.50±6.12**
单株穗颈节韧皮部面积PN LVPA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 43.25±1.17 34.39±0.75**
单株穗颈节木质部面积PN LVXA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 68.01±1.86 51.84±1.15**
单株穗颈节维管束面积PN LVA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 192.52±5.29 153.89±3.20**

表3

氮肥减施后RIL 群体穗部性状的变化"

性状
Trait		 高氮区
HNP		 低氮区
LNP
穗长PL (cm) 20.67±0.18 20.71±0.19
穗颈粗PND (mm) 1.24±0.01 1.31±0.01
一次枝梗数NPRB 11.75±0.08 11.29±0.09**
二次枝梗数NSRB 25.93±0.33 26.52±0.33
一次枝梗结实率SSRPRB (%) 94.01±0.28 95.89±0.13**
二次枝梗结实率SSRSRB (%) 77.21±0.88 86.99±0.55**
着粒密度GD (kernel 10 cm-1) 69.34±0.98 68.22±1.03
单穗重PPW (g) 3.43±0.03 3.52±0.03*

表4

氮肥减施后RIL 群体产量性状的变化"

性状
Trait		 高氮区
HNP		 低氮区
LNP
穗数Panicle number 13.64±0.30 10.43±0.18**
每穗粒数Grains number per panicle 139.45±1.36 136.71±1.39
结实率Seed setting rate (%) 83.76±0.54 89.52±0.34**
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 23.69±0.15 24.90±0.14**
产量Yield (kg hm-2) 7966.92±186.41 6672.09±112.85**

表5

高、低氮模式下RIL群体茎秆维管束性状与穗部性状的关系"

性状
Trait		 施肥模式
FP		 穗长
PL		 穗颈粗ND 一次枝梗数NPRB 二次枝梗数NSRB 一次枝梗结实率SSRPRB 二次枝梗结实率SSRSRB 着粒密度GD 单穗重PEW
单茎穗颈节大维管束个数
PN LVBN of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.034 0.189** 0.275** 0.266** -0.005 -0.042 0.255** 0.319**
低氮区LNP 0.074 0.239** 0.375** 0.379** -0.106 -0.075 0.223** 0.406**
单茎穗颈节小维管束个数
PN SVBN of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.132 0.212** 0.238** 0.310** -0.048 -0.091 0.321** 0.245**
低氮区LNP -0.086 0.167* 0.185** 0.395** -0.127 -0.043 0.310** 0.257**
单茎穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积PN LVPA of a stem 高氮区HNP 0.024 0.160* 0.215** 0.249** 0.025 -0.011 0.173* 0.311**
低氮区LNP -0.076 0.308** 0.368** 0.262** -0.003 0.019 0.201** 0.334**
单茎穗颈节大维管束木质部面积
PN LVXA of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.032 0.137 0.115 0.204** 0.039 -0.018 0.166* 0.214**
低氮区LNP -0.139 0.260** 0.432** 0.309** -0.064 -0.077 0.293** 0.354**
单茎穗颈节大维管束面积
PN LVA of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.050 0.165* 0.144* 0.189** 0.062 -0.027 0.170* 0.220**
低氮区LNP -0.067 0.272** 0.360** 0.324** -0.012 -0.011 0.237** 0.356**
单茎倒二节大维管束个数
SI LVBN of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.131 0.143* 0.326** 0.204** -0.122 -0.231** 0.295** 0.185**
低氮区LNP -0.119 0.250** 0.435** 0.339** -0.156* -0.129 0.345** 0.339**
单茎倒二节小维管束个数
SI SVBN of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.096 0.160* 0.272** 0.200** 0.049 -0.06 0.259** 0.249**
低氮区LNP 0.001 0.263** 0.306** 0.322** -0.103 -0.011 0.217** 0.304**
单茎倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积
SI LVPA of a stem		 高氮区HNP 0.006 0.194** 0.216** 0.174* 0.020 0.098 0.138 0.271**
低氮区LNP -0.068 0.226** 0.360** 0.264** 0.088 0.076 0.203** 0.357**
单茎倒二节大维管束木质部面积
SI LVXA of a stem		 高氮区HNP 0.069 0.174* 0.136 0.134 -0.007 -0.045 0.052 0.172*
低氮区LNP -0.121 0.246** 0.375** 0.321** -0.092 -0.083 0.287** 0.320**
单茎倒二节大维管束面积
SI LVA of a stem		 高氮区HNP 0.027 0.246** 0.173* 0.116 0.039 -0.021 0.082 0.190**
低氮区LNP -0.026 0.299** 0.344** 0.269** 0.008 0.035 0.179* 0.325**

表6

高、低氮模式下RIL群体茎秆维管束性状与产量性状的关系"

性状
Trait		 施肥模式
FP		 穗数
PN		 每穗粒数
GNPS		 结实率
SSR		 千粒重
TGW		 产量
Yield
单茎穗颈节大维管束个数
PN LVBN of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.091 0.322** -0.051 -0.012 0.019
低氮区LNP -0.104 0.421** -0.105 -0.020 0.106
单茎穗颈节小维管束个数
PN SVBN of a stem		 高氮区HNP 0.005 0.316** -0.107 -0.112 0.072
低氮区LNP -0.070 0.368** -0.102 -0.176* 0.057
单茎穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积
PN LVPA of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.055 0.263** -0.023 0.075 0.067
低氮区LNP -0.170* 0.257** 0.002 0.149* 0.020
单茎穗颈节大维管束木质部面积
PN LVXA of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.098 0.201** -0.024 0.021 -0.006
低氮区LNP -0.102 0.330** -0.096 0.048 0.068
单茎穗颈节大维管束面积
PN LVA of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.033 0.193** -0.025 0.046 0.052
低氮区LNP -0.144* 0.322** -0.034 0.067 0.044
单茎倒二节大维管束个数
SI LVBN of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.087 0.270** -0.235** -0.136 -0.088
低氮区LNP -0.170* 0.397** -0.159* -0.104 -0.014
单茎倒二节小维管束个数
SI SVBN of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.065 0.259** -0.046 -0.025 0.016
低氮区LNP -0.176* 0.323** -0.054 -0.028 -0.010
单茎倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积
SI LVPA of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.186** 0.184** 0.086 0.142* -0.030
低氮区LNP -0.292** 0.265** 0.074 0.158* -0.087
单茎倒二节大维管束木质部面积
SI LVXA of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.253** 0.114 -0.052 0.090 -0.178*
低氮区LNP -0.159* 0.327** -0.107 -0.012 -0.013
单茎倒二节大维管束面积
SI LVA of a stem		 高氮区HNP -0.154* 0.134 -0.008 0.088 -0.068
低氮区LNP -0.189** 0.274** 0.021 0.089 -0.015
单株倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积
SI LVPA of a plant		 高氮区HNP 0.816** 0.054 -0.006 -0.022 0.794**
低氮区LNP 0.640** 0.097 -0.097 -0.149* 0.647**
单株倒二节大维管束木质部面积
SI LVXA of a plant		 高氮区HNP 0.870** -0.007 -0.092 -0.075 0.776**
低氮区LNP 0.806** 0.076 -0.216** -0.277** 0.732**
单株倒二节大维管束面积
SI LVA of a plant		 高氮区HNP 0.900** -0.002 -0.069 -0.084 0.808**
低氮区LNP 0.838** 0.028 -0.153* -0.241** 0.764**
单株穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积
PN LVPA of a plant		 高氮区HNP 0.764** 0.107 -0.069 -0.054 0.734**
低氮区LNP 0.671** 0.086 -0.135 -0.131 0.672**
单株穗颈节大维管束木质部面积
SI LVXA of a plant		 高氮区HNP 0.738** 0.072 -0.063 -0.090 0.691**
低氮区LNP 0.725** 0.120 -0.205** -0.216** 0.697**
单株穗颈节大维管束面积
SI LVA of a plant		 高氮区HNP 0.790** 0.059 -0.069 -0.078 0.733**
低氮区LNP 0.744** 0.108 -0.173* -0.219** 0.719**

表7

氮肥减施后RIL群体不同产量变化类型株系茎秆维管束性状的变化"

性状
Trait		 大幅减产类型
Significant reduction yield		 小幅减产类型
Slight reduction yield		 不减产类型
No reduction yield
高氮区
HNP		 低氮区
LNP		 高氮区
HNP		 低氮区LNP 高氮区HNP 低氮区LNP
单茎穗颈节大维管束个数PN LVBN of a stem 12.45 11.87** 12.46 12.15 12.22 12.11
单茎穗颈节小维管束个数PN SVBN of a stem 20.63 19.87** 20.93 20.67 20.13 19.83
单茎穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积PN LVPA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 3.32 3.40 3.00 3.07 3.10 3.31*
性状
Trait		 大幅减产类型
Significant reduction yield		 小幅减产类型
Slight reduction yield		 不减产类型
No reduction yield
高氮区
HNP		 低氮区
LNP		 高氮区
HNP		 低氮区LNP 高氮区HNP 低氮区LNP
单茎穗颈节大维管束木质部面积PN LVXA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 5.16 5.05 4.97 5.35 4.96 4.97
单茎穗颈节大维管束面积PN LVA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 14.68 15.12 13.86 15.04 13.78 14.71*
单茎倒二节大维管束个数SI LVBN of a stem 31.23 30.53** 31.31 31.37 31.06 30.80
单茎倒二节小维管束个数SI SVBN of a stem 27.87 26.92** 27.61 27.93 27.62 27.11
单茎倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积SI LVPA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 6.16 6.29 6.16 5.54 6.16 6.02
单茎倒二节大维管束木质部面积SI LVXA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 12.44 12.06 12.43 12.33 12.70 12.18
单茎倒二节大维管束面积SI LVA of a stem (×10-4 µm2) 30.97 32.23* 30.65 31.68 31.00 31.51
单株倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积SI LVPA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 95.62 59.38** 68.03 58.39 63.82 68.21
单株倒二节大维管束木质部面积SI LVXA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 193.01 114.49* 136.59 129.40 132.51 139.33
单株倒二节大维管束面积SI LVA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 484.04 306.25** 339.32 332.91 322.00 360.92
单株穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积PN LVPA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 51.44 32.24** 33.23 32.39 32.30 37.80**
单株穗颈节大维管束木质部面积PN LVXA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 80.08 48.10** 55.11 56.47 51.66 56.84*
单株穗颈节大维管束面积PN LVA of a plant (×10-4 µm2) 228.97 144.04** 153.65 158.10 143.10 167.98**

表8

氮肥减施后RIL群体不同产量变化类型株系穗部性状的变化"

性状
Trait		 大幅减产类型
Significant reduction yield		 小幅减产类型
Slight reduction yield		 不减产类型
No reduction yield
高氮区HNP 低氮区LNP 高氮区HNP 低氮区LNP 高氮区HNP 低氮区LNP
穗长PL (cm) 21.25 20.92 21.24 20.54 20.13 20.78
穗颈粗ND (mm) 1.25 1.33** 1.21 1.30 1.24 1.29*
一次枝梗数NPRB 11.93 11.29** 11.47 11.24 11.44 11.43
二次枝梗数NSRB 26.52 26.52 26.98 25.71 25.41 27.40**
一次枝梗结实率SSRPRB (%) 94.82 96.25** 93.93 95.39 93.42 95.79**
二次枝梗结实率SSRSRB (%) 79.25 86.95** 77.70 85.13* 73.58 86.68**
着粒密度GD (kernel 10 cm-1) 69.00 67.16 68.45 67.43 70.41 70.75
单穗重PEW (g) 3.50 3.48 3.52 3.29 3.30 3.60**

表9

氮肥减施后RIL群体不同产量变化类型株系产量性状的变化"

性状
Trait		 大幅减产类型
Yield substantial reduction		 小幅减产类型
Yield slight reduction		 不减产类型
Yield no reduction
高氮区
HNP		 低氮区
LNP		 高氮区
HNP		 低氮区
LNP		 高氮区
HNP		 低氮区
LNP
穗数PN 15.72 9.58** 11.00 10.44 10.51 11.49**
每穗粒数GNPS 144.36 137.96** 144.78 136.27 138.76 143.20
结实率SSR (%) 86.53 91.12** 85.07 89.71* 82.83 90.76**
千粒重TGW (g) 24.33 25.32** 24.45 24.21 23.95 25.25**
产量Yield (kg hm-2) 637.27 405.51** 440.21 418.94** 384.61 506.01**
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