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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 974-982.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.01066

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦矮秆突变体的鉴定及其突变性状的关联分析

贺军与(), 尹顺琼, 陈云琼, 熊静蕾, 王卫斌, 周鸿斌, 陈梅, 王梦玥, 陈升位*()   

  1. 云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院, 云南昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-16 接受日期:2020-11-13 出版日期:2021-05-12 网络出版日期:2020-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 陈升位
  • 作者简介:E-mail: etfiee_coisini@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31660434);国家自然科学基金项目(32060457)

Identification of wheat dwarf mutants and analysis on association between the mutant traits of the dwarf plants

HE Jun-Yu(), YIN Shun-Qiong, CHEN Yun-Qiong, XIONG Jing-Lei, WANG Wei-Bin, ZHOU Hong-Bin, CHEN Mei, WANG Meng-Yue, CHEN Sheng-Wei*()   

  1. Collage of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2020-08-16 Accepted:2020-11-13 Published:2021-05-12 Published online:2020-12-15
  • Contact: CHEN Sheng-Wei
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660434);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060457)

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摘要：

矮秆突变体是小麦育种和株高遗传研究的重要基因资源。通过‘云麦53’成熟种子的EMS (Ethyl methyl sulfonate)诱变及诱变植株连续自交, 获得了33个M3代候选突变体。通过诱变亲本与M2和M3代候选植株的株高差异分析, 筛选到26个矮秆突变体, 其株高变幅为(13.61±0.11)~(44.08±1.73) cm。基于8个矮秆基因的12个特异性标记检测发现, 26个矮秆突变体至少携带2个矮秆基因标记位点。除株高外, 26个矮秆突变体还携带穗长、小穗密度、节间数和平均节间长4个不同突变性状。26个矮秆突变体可聚为5个亚类, 第1亚类的小穗数和小花数最少; 第2亚类的株高最矮, 穗长和平均节间长最短, 小穗密度最高; 第3亚类突变体的节间数最少。株高与平均节间长和节间数呈极显著相关, 偏相关系数分别为0.94、0.58, 但与穗长、小穗数、小花数和小穗密度4个性状无相关性。26个矮秆突变体的株高与平均节间长和节间数关联遗传, 携带不同的突变基因组合, 可用于小麦矮化育种, 以及株高、穗长和小穗密度等性状的遗传机制研究。

关键词: 小麦, 突变体, 矮秆基因, 分子标记, 遗传关联

Abstract:

Dwarf mutant is an important gene resource in wheat breeding and plant height genetic research. In this paper, EMS (ethyl methyl sulfonate) was used to mutate the mature seeds of ‘Yunmai 53’, and 33 candidate dwarf mutants of M3 generation were finally obtained by self-bred. Twenty-six dwarf mutants were selected by analyzing differences between the mutant parent in two years and that of M2 and M3 generation candidate plants, and the variation range of their plant height was from (13.61 ± 0.11) cm to (44.08 ± 1.73) cm. Twenty-six dwarf mutants with at least 2 mutant sites were verified based on 12 specific markers of 8 dwarf genes. In addition to plant height, 26 dwarf mutants also carried four mutational traits, spike length, spikelet density, internode number, and average internode length. The 26 dwarf mutants could be clustered into 5 subgroups. Among them, the first subgroup was the least in spikelets and florets, the second subgroup was the shortest in plant height, spike length and average internode length, and the highest spikelet density, while the third subgroup was the least in internode number. Plant height was significantly correlated with average internode length and internode number with partial correlation coefficients of 0.94 and 0.58, respectively, but not correlated with spike length, spikelet number and spikelet density. The plant height was genetically associated with internode length and internode number in 26 dwarf mutants. The mutants carried different combinations of the mutant gene, and can be useful in wheat dwarf breeding and the studies on genetic mechanism of the traits, such as plant height, spike length and spikelet density.

Key words: wheat, mutant, dwarf genes, molecular marker, genetic association

表1

矮秆基因及其特异性标记的引物序列和片段长度"

基因
Gene		 标记
Marker		 正向引物
Forward sequence
(5′-3′)		 反向引物
Reverse sequence
(5′-3′)		 片段长度
Product size
(bp)
Rht-B1a BF-WR1 GGTAGGGAGGCGAGAGGCGAG CATCCCCATGGCCATCTCGAGCTG 237
Rht-B1b BF-MR1 GGTAGGGAGGCGAGAGGCGAG CATCCCCATGGCCATCTCGAGCTA 237
Rht-D1a BF2-WR2 GGCAAGCAAAAGCTTCGCG GGCCATCTCGAGCTGCAC 264
Rht-D1b BF-MR2 CGCGCAATTATTGGCCAGAGATAG CCCCATGGCCATCTCGAGCTGCTA 254
Rht4 WMC317 TGCTAGCAATGCTCCGGGTAAC TCACGAAACCTTTTCCTCCTCC 170
Rht5 BARC102 GGAGAGGACCTGCTAAAATCGAAGACA GCGTTTACGGATCAGTGTTGGAGA 200
Rht8 Xgwm261 CTCCCTGTACGCCTAAGGC CTCGCGCTACTAGCCATTG 192
Rht8 WMC503 GCAATAGTTCCCGCAAGAAAAG ATCAACTACCTCCAGATCCCGT 225
Rht9 BARC151 TGAGGAAAATGTCTCTATAGCATCC CGCATAAACACCTTCGCTCTTCCACTC 220
Rht12 WMC410 GGACTTGAAAGGAAGCTTGTGA CATGGATGGCATGCAGTGT 114
Rht13 WMS577 ATGGCATAATTTGGTGAAATTG TGTTTCAAGCCCAACTTCTATT 130
Rht14/16/18 XBARC3 TTCCCTGTGTCTTTCTAATTTTTTTT GCGAACTCCCGAACATTTTTAT 210

图1

‘云麦53’与部分矮秆突变体的株高差异 A: 突变体31; B: 突变体17; C: 突变体10; D: 突变体16; E: 突变体23; F: 突变体25。"

表2

‘云麦53’及候选突变体的7个农艺性状均值及其显著性(t测验)"

材料
Material		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 穗长
Spike length (cm)		 每穗小穗数
Spikelets number
per spike		 小穗密度
Spikelet
density		 小花数
Number of
florets		 平均节间长
Average internode length (cm)		 节间数
Number of
internodes
云麦53 Yunmai 53 74.89±4.03 10.30±0.31 19.25±1.21 1.88±0.18 59.35±5.23 11.10±1.04 6.00±0.00
mutant 1 56.95±6.95 10.49±1.52 20.50±3.50 2.05±0.63 60.34±9.34 7.50±3.33 5.00±0.00
mutant 2 39.52±2.02* 8.40±1.10 17.30±3.30 2.15±0.68 58.20±16.20 7.98±0.78 4.50±0.50
mutant 3 63.99±2.51 6.11±0.59* 17.10±1.10 2.84±0.46 51.70±3.70 11.23±0.96 5.40±0.60
mutant 4 37.24±0.44* 4.44±0.34** 19.30±1.30 4.35±0.04** 55.00±1.00 7.21±0.61 4.50±0.50
mutant 5 21.94±3.66* 3.72±0.02** 20.00±1.00 5.37±0.24** 58.30±1.30 4.88±0.62* 3.80±0.20**
mutant 6 39.85±4.39* 6.01±0.45* 19.10±2.10 3.73±1.27 55.50±4.50 6.87±0.44 4.50±0.50
mutant 7 33.89±2.89* 4.71±0.41** 21.00±2.00 4.46±0.04** 63.40±6.40 7.22±0.39 4.00±0.00
mutant 8 34.92±2.58* 4.40±0.10** 22.50±0.50 5.12±0.01** 67.50±1.50 7.16±0.44 4.40±0.60
mutant 9 31.81±6.79* 4.18±0.58* 21.30±2.30 5.12±0.16** 61.20±4.20 6.20±0.95 4.40±0.60
mutant 10 25.55±7.85* 4.24±0.35** 19.40±1.40 4.62±0.71 54.70±0.70 5.44±1.77 3.90±0.10**
mutant 11 29.78±1.92* 8.20±0.70 16.10±0.90 1.97±0.06 48.00±3.00 5.49±0.24* 4.50±0.50
mutant 12 38.79±2.61* 4.63±0.13** 19.30±2.30 4.16±0.38* 54.40±3.40 7.30±0.08 5.00±0.00
mutant 13 38.32±8.48 3.98±0.38** 15.90±1.90 3.98±0.10** 44.90±2.90 6.65±0.85 4.50±0.50
mutant 14 33.18±6.02* 4.36±0.24** 18.80±0.80 4.34±0.43* 53.00±1.00 5.95±0.03* 3.90±0.01**
mutant 15 30.94±2.26* 4.00±0.50** 17.90±0.10 4.55±0.59* 49.50±4.50 5.68±0.24* 4.80±0.20*
mutant 16 13.61±0.11** 3.39±0.11** 18.40±1.40 5.45±0.59* 45.70±5.30 2.26±0.63* 4.80±1.20
mutant 17 32.62±4.98* 3.96±0.26** 17.50±0.50 4.43±0.16** 49.10±1.90 6.16±0.62 4.50±0.50
mutant 18 44.08±1.73* 7.08±0.48* 13.50±2.50 1.90±0.23 33.25±0.25* 7.87±0.97 5.50±0.50
mutant 19 42.41±12.19 10.58±1.52 21.40±2.40 2.10±0.53 69.10±12.10 6.10±1.01 5.30±0.70
mutant 20 42.18±6.58 7.97±0.63 15.30±0.30 1.94±0.20 43.10±1.90 7.31±1.89 4.80±0.20*
mutant 21 31.26±4.44* 4.02±0.48** 15.60±1.60 3.99±0.88 40.40±1.60 7.04±0.79 3.80±0.20**
mutant 22 52.28±5.48 8.45±0.95 19.50±0.50 2.34±0.33 56.30±0.70 8.44±0.94 5.50±0.50
材料
Material		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 穗长
Spike length (cm)		 每穗小穗数
Spikelets number
per spike		 小穗密度
Spikelet
density		 小花数
Number of
florets		 平均节间长
Average internode length (cm)		 节间数
Number of
internodes
mutant 23 15.80±0.60** 3.70±0.35** 19.80±1.80 5.28±0.01* 58.80±4.80 2.29±0.41* 4.40±0.60
mutant 24 30.07±4.43* 6.76±1.04 16.90±2.90 2.63±0.84 49.70±7.70 5.26±0.05* 5.00±0.00
mutant 25 18.16±4.44* 3.77±0.17** 20.20±0.20 5.37±0.19** 58.80±1.20 3.93±0.93* 4.50±0.50
mutant 26 19.75±1.35** 4.60±1.00* 18.60±1.60 4.17±0.56 53.20±2.20 4.16±0.46* 3.80±0.20**
mutant 27 34.54±4.74* 7.49±0.89 14.80±3.80 1.95±0.28 50.00±17.00 7.13±1.40 4.50±0.50
mutant 28 33.76±10.16 8.86±0.16 15.90±1.90 1.79±0.18 53.90±11.90 6.59±3.49 5.00±0.00
mutant 29 35.01±4.79* 8.20±0.40 16.40±0.40 2.01±0.15 49.30±1.30 6.18±0.02* 5.00±0.00
mutant 30 30.09±6.01* 8.57±1.13 16.10±1.10 1.93±0.38 48.60±3.60 5.92±0.00* 4.30±0.70
mutant 31 33.96±0.36* 8.70±1.00 17.20±0.20 2.01±0.26 49.20±1.80 5.60±0.94 4.50±0.50
mutant 32 31.50±0.70** 8.02±0.28* 16.50±1.50 2.07±0.26 46.30±1.30 5.11±0.53* 4.50±0.50
mutant 33 24.02±3.38* 10.04±1.94 16.63±1.63 1.69±0.17 47.75±2.75 3.95±0.12* 5.00±1.00

图2

部分矮秆突变体及其诱变亲本的穗部形态特征 (a): ‘云麦53’; (b), (c), (d)和(e): 候选矮秆突变体。"

表3

‘云麦53’和候选突变体中检测到的矮秆基因"

材料
Material		 检测到的基因
Genes detected by 13 markers
云麦53 Yunmai 53 Rht-B1a, Rht-D1b, Rht4, Rht8, Rht9, Rht12, Rht14, Rht16, Rht18
mutant 1 Rht-B1a, Rht-D1a, Rht4, Rht5, Rht8#, Rht9#, Rht13, Rht14, Rht16, Rht18
mutant 2 Rht-B1a, Rht-D1b, Rht4, Rht5, Rht8#, Rht9#, Rht13, Rht14, Rht16, Rht18
mutant 3 Rht-B1a, Rht-D1b, Rht4, Rht8#, Rht9#, Rht12, Rht14, Rht16, Rht18
mutant 10 Rht-B1a, Rht-D1a, Rht4, Rht8, Rht9#
mutant 11 Rht-B1a, Rht-D1a, Rht5, Rht12
mutant 19 Rht-B1a, Rht-D1a, Rht4, Rht5, Rht8, Rht9#, Rht14, Rht16, Rht18
mutant 26 Rht-B1a, Rht-D1b, Rht4, Rht8, Rht9, Rht13
mutant 27 & mutant 28 Rht-B1a, Rht-D1b, Rht4, Rht8#, Rht9#, Rht13
Other mutants Rht-B1a, Rht-D1a, Rht4, Rht5, Rht8, Rht9#

图3

‘云麦53’和候选突变体的部分特异性扩增标记 CK: 对照; M: marker; 53: 云麦53; 1~33: 突变体1~突变体33; A和B分别是‘云麦53’和候选突变体中扩增的WMC503和BARC151标记; 红色箭: 差异片段。"

图4

基于7个农艺性状的26个突变体和诱变亲本聚类结果"

图5

不同类群材料的农艺性状均值及其差异 I: ‘云麦53’类群; II~VI: 突变体的第1亚类~第5亚类。不同小写字母和大写字母分别代表0.05和0.01显著水平。"

附表1

‘云麦53’类群和5个矮秆突变体亚类的方差分析结果"

性状
Traits		 变异来源
SOV		 平方和
SS		 自由度
df		 均方
MS		 F值
F-value
株高Plant height (cm) 组间Between groups 11,981.952 5 2396.390 37.615**
组内Within group 4077.292 64 63.708
穗长Spike length (cm) 组间Between groups 119.531 5 23.906 4.603**
组内Within group 332.417 64 5.194
小穗数Spikelets number per spike 组间Between groups 234.415 5 46.883 10.229**
组内Within group 293.328 64 4.583
小穗密度Spikelet density 组间Between groups 48.716 5 9.743 6.920**
组内Within group 90.110 64 1.408
小花数Number of florets 组间Between groups 3126.921 5 625.384 11.289**
组内Within group 3545.316 64 55.396
平均节间长Average internode length (cm) 组间Between groups 190.020 5 38.004 13.307**
组内Within group 182.776 64 2.865
节间数Number of Internode 组间Between groups 14.628 5 2.926 7.604**
组内Within group 24.623 64 0.385

表4

不同突变性状的二元相关和偏相关系数及其显著性"

性状
Trait		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 穗长
Spike length (cm)		 小穗数
Spikelets number per spike		 小穗密度
Spikelet
density		 小花数
Number of florets		 平均节间长
Average internode length (cm)		 节间数
Number of internode
株高 Plant height (cm) 0.51** -0.09 -0.47* 0.06 0.92** 0.59**
穗长 Spike length (cm) 0.26 -0.54* -0.95** -0.25 0.36 0.53**
小穗数 Spikelets number per spike 0.26 0.41 0.74** 0.89** -0.07 -0.27
小穗密度 Spikelet density -0.11 -0.95** 0.64** 0.47* -0.38 -0.48**
小花数 Number of florets -0.32 0.13 0.78** -0.09 0.10 -0.23
平均节间长 Average internode length (cm) 0.94** -0.43* -0.16 -0.29 0.35 0.35
节间数 Number of internode 0.58** 0.16 -0.10 0.16 -0.08 -0.44*
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