作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 964-973.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02040
程艳双(
), 胡美艳, 杜志敏, 闫秉春, 李丽, 王祎玮, 鞠晓堂, 孙丽丽, 徐海*(
)
CHENG Yan-Shuang(
), HU Mei-Yan, DU Zhi-Min, YAN Bing-Chun, LI Li, WANG Yi-Wei, JU Xiao-Tang, SUN Li-Li, XU Hai*(
)
摘要:
以辽宁稻区典型的直立穗型品种辽粳5号与日本典型的优质米品种秋田小町杂交构建的重组自交系群体(recombination inbred lines, RIL)为试材, 在高氮和低氮2种施肥模式下种植, 调查RIL群体茎秆维管束、穗部和产量性状, 分析减氮对三者的影响及其相互关系, 探讨在减少氮肥施用量的同时维持产量稳定的可能途径。研究结果表明, 不同施氮模式下, RIL群体的茎秆维管束性状、穗部及产量性状均呈现连续变异, 符合多基因控制的数量性状遗传特点。氮肥减施后, RIL群体水稻的单茎穗颈和倒二节间维管束数目、单株穗颈和倒二节间维管束面积减少, 一次枝梗数减少, 一次和二次枝梗结实率、总体结实率和千粒重增加, 单穗重增加, 穗数减少, 产量降低。茎秆维管束性状与穗部和产量性状关系密切, 单茎维管束性状与穗颈粗、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、穗粒数、着粒密度、千粒重和单穗重大多呈显著至极显著的正相关, 单株维管束面积与穗数和产量呈极显著正相关。氮肥减施后, RIL群体中不减产类型株系的主要特征是: 低氮条件下仍能维持稳定的分蘖和茎秆维管束的分化, 保证穗数和穗颈粗稳定, 单茎穗颈和倒二节大、小维管束数目、单茎倒二节大维管束面积和单株倒二节大维管束面积无显著变化, 一次枝梗数变化不显著。在减施氮肥的条件下, 选用茎秆维管束发达, 穗数和穗颈粗稳定的水稻品种, 有可能实现减氮不减产的目标。
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