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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 2220-2231.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03018

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

增温增CO2浓度对玉米||花生体系玉米生长发育及产量的影响

王飞(), 郭彬彬, 孙增光, 尹飞, 刘领, 焦念元*(), 付国占   

  1. 河南科技大学农学院 / 河南省旱地农业工程技术研究中心, 河南洛阳 471023
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-21 接受日期:2021-04-26 出版日期:2021-11-12 网络出版日期:2021-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 焦念元
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1216677627@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省自然科学基金项目(182300410014);河南省自然科学基金项目(212300410342);河南省科技攻关项目(182102110180)

Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 concentration on growth and yield of maize under intercropping with peanut

WANG Fei(), GUO Bin-Bin, SUN Zeng-Guang, YIN Fei, LIU Ling, JIAO Nian-Yuan*(), FU Guo-Zhan   

  1. College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology / Henan Dryland Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
  • Received:2020-03-21 Accepted:2021-04-26 Published:2021-11-12 Published online:2021-06-05
  • Contact: JIAO Nian-Yuan
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(182300410014);Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(212300410342);Tackling Key Scientific and Technological Problems in Henan Province(182102110180)

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摘要：

为了明确气候变化对玉米||花生体系中玉米生长发育及产量的影响, 本研究以玉米||花生2∶4模式为研究对象, 采用开顶式气室, 2018年设2个处理, 分别是TC (ambient temperature and ambient CO2 concentration, 环境温度和环境CO2浓度)、+T+C (elevated temperature and elevated CO2 concentration, 增温且增CO2浓度); 2019年设3个处理, 分别是TC、+TC (elevated temperature and ambient CO2 concentration, 增温和环境CO2浓度)、+T+C; 分别在P0 (0 kg P2O5 hm-2)和P180 (180 kg P2O5 hm-2) 2个水平下, 研究增温增CO2浓度对间作玉米生长、干物质积累与分配、光合速率及产量的影响。结果表明: (1) 与环境温度和环境CO2浓度相比, 增温(+TC)处理的间作玉米出苗至吐丝、吐丝至成熟和出苗至成熟的天数分别缩短4、2和6 d; 增温后, 同时升高CO2浓度, 间作玉米出苗至吐丝的天数缩短3 d、而吐丝至成熟和出苗至成熟的天数却分别增加5 d和2 d; 与TC相比, +T+C处理, 间作玉米出苗至吐丝和出苗至成熟的天数分别缩短4~7 d和2~4 d, 吐丝至成熟的天数增加1~4 d。(2) 间作玉米单株叶面积、净光合速率和光合势在吐丝期前表现为+T+C>+TC>TC, 吐丝至乳熟期表现为+T+C>TC>+TC, 乳熟期后表现为TC>+T+C>+TC。与TC相比, +T+C处理的间作玉米穗粒数和百粒重分别提高4.14%~65.70%和1.70%~14.00%。(3) 与TC处理相比, +TC处理, 间作玉米收获期干物质量提高7.39%~21.30%, 产量提高19.18%~28.07%; +T+C处理, 间作玉米收获期干物质量提高10.0%~57.7%, 产量提高4.41%~52.00%; 施磷能提高增温增CO2浓度处理间作玉米产量。这表明增温和增CO2浓度通过提高间作玉米生育前期净光合速率、叶面积指数和光合势, 缩短其营养生长期, 延长籽粒灌浆时间, 增加穗粒数和粒重, 来促进干物质积累和产量的提高; 增温、增CO2浓度对间作玉米吐丝前具有互促效应, 而吐丝后表现为增CO2浓度能弥补增温对间作玉米生长的抑制效应。

关键词: 气候变化, 间作玉米, 生长, 干物质积累, 产量

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of climate change on the growth development and yield of maize in the system of maize intercropping peanut, we performed the planting pattern of two rows maize intercropping and four rows peanut. Field experiments were carried out with TC (ambient temperature and ambient CO2 concentration), +T+C (elevated temperature and elevated CO2 concentration) in 2018, and TC, +TC (elevated temperature and ambient CO2 concentration), and +T+C in 2019, with two phosphorus levels of P0 (P2O5 0 kg hm-2) and P180 (P2O5 180 kg hm-2), respectively. The effects of elevated temperature and CO2 concentration on growth, dry matter accumulation and distribution, photosynthesis and yield of intercropping maize were studied. Results were as follows: (1) Compared with TC, the numbers of days from emergence to silking, silking to maturity, and emergence to maturity of intercropping maize under +TC were shortened respective by 4, 2, and 6 days. Compared with +TC, the number of days from emergence to silking of intercropping maize under +T+C was shortened by three days, while the numbers of days from silking to maturity, and emergence to maturity were increased by five days and two days. Compared with TC, the number of days from emergence to silking, and emergence to maturity of intercropping maize under +T+C was shortened by 4-7 days and 2-4 days, respectively; and the number of days from emergence to maturity was extended by 1-4 days. (2) The leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf area duration of intercropping maize were +T+C>+TC>TC before silking, +T+C>TC>+TC from silking to milk stage, and +T >+T+C>+TC after milk stage. Compared with TC, ear grain number and 100-grain weight of intercropping maize under +T+C were increased by 4.14%-65.70% and 1.70%-14.0%, respectively. (3) Compared with TC, the dry matter of intercropping maize at maturity stage increased by 7.39%-21.30% and the yield increased by 19.18%-28.07% under +TC. The dry matter and yield of intercropping maize increased by 10.0%-57.7% and 4.41%-52.00% under +T+C, respectively. The grain yield of intercropping maize was improved by applying phosphorus after increasing temperature and CO2 concentration. These results indicated that elevated temperature and CO2 concentration could promote dry matter accumulation and grain yield improvement by increasing net photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, and leaf area duration of intercropping maize at early growth stage, shortening vegetative growth period, prolonging grain filling time, and increasing ear grain number and grain weight per panicle. Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration had mutual promoting effect on the growth of intercropping maize before silking stage, while increasing CO2 concentration could make up for the inhibiting effect of increasing temperature on the growth of intercropping maize after silking.

Key words: climatic change, intercropping maize, growth, dry matter accumulation, yield

图1

生长季田间温度和CO2浓度变化(2018年和2019年) TC: 环境温度和环境CO2浓度; +TC: 增温和环境CO2浓度[环境温度+(2.0±0.5)℃和环境CO2浓度390 μmol mol-1]; +T+C: 增温且增CO2浓度[环境温度+(2.0±0.5)℃和CO2浓度约为(700±50) μmol mol-1]。"

图2

增温增CO2浓度气室模式图(2018年和2019年)"

表1

增温和增温增CO2浓度对间作玉米生育进程的影响"

年份
Year		 磷水平
P-level		 处理
Treatment		 生育日期 Growth date (month/day) 生长天数 Growth days (d)
ES R1 R6 ES-R1 R1-R6 ES-R6
2018 P0 TC 6/10 7/30 9/16 50 48 98
+T+C 6/10 7/24 9/14 44 52 96
P180 TC 6/10 7/25 9/22 45 59 104
+T+C 6/10 7/21 9/19 41 60 101
年份
Year		 磷水平
P-level		 处理
Treatment		 生育日期 Growth date (month/day) 生长天数 Growth days (d)
ES R1 R6 ES-R1 R1-R6 ES-R6
2019 P0 TC 6/24 8/15 10/4 52 50 102
+TC 6/24 8/11 9/28 48 48 96
+T+C 6/24 8/9 9/30 46 52 98
P180 TC 6/24 8/10 10/8 47 60 107
+TC 6/24 8/6 10/2 43 58 101
+T+C 6/24 8/3 10/5 40 63 103

图3

增温增CO2浓度对间作玉米株高及穗发育的影响 处理同表1。"

图4

增温和增温增CO2浓度对间作玉米单株叶面积的影响 不同小写字母表示处理在同一苗后天数时0.05水平下差异显著。处理同表1。"

表2

间作玉米单株叶面积、光合势、净光合速率、干物质和产量的处理间方差分析(F值)"

单株叶面积
Leaf-area per plant (m2 plant-1)		 光合势
Leaf area duration
(m2 m-2 d)		 净光合速率
Pn
(μmol CO2 m-2 s-1)		 干物质
Dry matter
(g plant-1)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
增温且增CO2浓度
Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration		 18.2** 4.68 42.6** 74.0** 180**
磷肥
P		 48.8** 60.3** 78.8** 53.2** 524**
磷肥×增温且增CO2浓度
P × Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration		 0.003 0.171 50.6** 0.047 0.226

图5

增温和增温增CO2浓度对间作玉米光合势的影响 处理同表1。"

图6

增温和增温增CO2浓度对间作玉米穗位叶净光合速率的影响 SS: 吐丝期; FS: 灌浆期; MS: 乳熟期; DS: 蜡熟期。不同小写字母表示处理在同一生育时期时0.05水平下差异显著。处理同表1。"

图7

增温和增温增CO2浓度对间作玉米干物质积累的影响 处理同表1。"

表3

增温和增温增CO2浓度对间作玉米收获期干物质积累与分配的影响"

年份
Year		 磷水平
P-level		 处理
Treatment		 干物质积累 Dry matter accumulation (g plant-1) 干物质分配 Dry matter distribution (%)
茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 苞叶
Husk		 穗轴
Cob		 籽粒
Kernel		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 苞叶
Husk		 穗轴
Cob		 籽粒
Kernel
2018 P0 TC 48.5 b 14.8 b 8.40 a 14.2 b 96.8 c 26.5 bc 8.10 ab 4.60 a 7.77 a 53.0 a
+T+C 50.6 b 15.7 b 9.78 a 16.2 ab 111.0 ab 24.9 c 7.72 b 4.81 a 7.97 a 54.6 a
P180 TC 65.5 a 16.5 b 11.7 a 17.1 a 98.7 bc 31.3 a 7.88 ab 5.58 a 8.16 a 47.1 b
+T+C 66.2 a 21.8 a 11.9 a 17.5 a 116.0 a 28.4 ab 9.34 a 5.10 a 7.50 a 49.7 b
2019 P0 TC 30.0 d 15.4 c 6.48 d 9.11 c 65.1 d 23.8 ab 12.2 a 5.14 a 7.22 b 51.6 bc
+TC 32.7 cd 15.3 c 8.55 bc 11.6 bc 84.8 cd 21.4 ab 10.0 b 5.59 a 7.58 b 55.4 ab
+T+C 40.8 c 17.4 c 9.12 bc 14.0 b 118.0 b 20.5 b 8.73 b 4.58 a 7.02 b 59.2 a
P180 TC 54.7 b 27.0 b 11.4 b 19.6 a 104.3 bc 25.2 a 12.4 a 5.25 a 9.03 a 48.1 c
+TC 58.0 ab 28.3 b 11.0 b 19.0 a 120.0 b 24.5 ab 12.0 a 4.66 a 8.04 b 50.8 bc
+T+C 65.0 a 34.4 a 15.2 a 21.4 a 159.0 a 22.0 ab 11.7 a 5.15 a 7.25 b 53.9 b

表4

增温和增温增CO2浓度对间作玉米产量及其构成的影响"

年份 Year 磷水平
P-level		 处理
Treatment		 穗部性状Ear traits 产量及构成Yield and the components
穗长
Ear length (cm)		 秃尖长
Bare tip length (cm)		 穗行数
Ear row
per ear		 行粒数
Grains
per row		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains
per ear		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 穗数
Spikes
per hm2
2018 P0 TC 15.1 b 1.82 a 16.8 a 27.5 c 4725 c 463 b 21.7 c 49,128
+T+C 15.5 b 1.73 a 17.0 a 28.5 bc 4933 c 484 b 22.1 c 49,118
P180 TC 16.3 a 1.04 b 17.7 a 30.3 ab 5867 b 537 a 23.1 b 49,297
+T+C 16.8 a 1.00 b 17.9 a 31.3 a 6292 a 559 a 24.3 a 49,320
2019 P0 TC 11.1 d 2.03 a 15.8 c 19.3 d 3910 f 305 d 24.0 e 49,341
+TC 12.9 c 1.91 a 16.5 abc 25.5 c 5008 e 421 c 25.5 d 49,649
+T+C 14.4 b 1.43 b 16.4 bc 30.8 b 5943 d 505 b 27.4 bc 49,950
P180 TC 14.4 b 0.86 c 16.7 ab 31.2 b 6539 c 522 b 26.3 cd 49,630
+TC 15.4 a 0.47 c 17.3 a 32.0 ab 7793 b 555 ab 28.4 ab 49,642
+T+C 15.8 a 0.46 c 17.3 a 35.1 a 8203 a 609 a 29.8 a 49,670
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