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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 2232-2249.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02086

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

侧深施氮对水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

黄恒1(), 姜恒鑫1, 刘光明1, 袁嘉琦1, 汪源1, 赵灿1, 王维领1, 霍中洋1,*(), 许轲1, 戴其根1, 张洪程1, 李德剑2, 刘国林2   

  1. 1扬州大学 / 江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点 / 粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
    2江苏省兴化市农业局, 江苏兴化 225700
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-03 接受日期:2021-04-26 出版日期:2021-11-12 网络出版日期:2021-05-17
  • 通讯作者: 霍中洋
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 632423039@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200805);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300802);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2020319);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2019377);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2018362)

Effects of side deep placement of nitrogen on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency

HUANG Heng1(), JIANG Heng-Xin1, LIU Guang-Ming1, YUAN Jia-Qi1, WANG Yuan1, ZHAO Can1, WANG Wei-Ling1, HUO Zhong-Yang1,*(), XU Ke1, DAI Qi-Gen1, ZHANG Hong-Cheng1, LI De-Jian2, LIU Guo-Lin2   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Bureau of Agriculture of Xinghua County of Jiangsu Province, Xinghua 225700, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2020-12-03 Accepted:2021-04-26 Published:2021-11-12 Published online:2021-05-17
  • Contact: HUO Zhong-Yang
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0200805);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300802);Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2020319);Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2019377);Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2018362)

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摘要：

水稻机插侧深施肥是一种高效、优质、安全的栽培技术。深入研究侧深施肥条件下不同施肥方式对水稻产量及氮素利用效率的影响, 有利于完善水稻侧深施肥技术体系。本研究以江苏优质食味水稻代表性品种南粳9108和南粳5718为材料, 设置4种不同的侧深施施肥方式, 分别为: 100%基肥侧深施FM1 (fertilization method 1)、70%基肥侧深施+30%分蘖肥FM2 (fertilization method 2)、70%基肥侧深施+30%穗肥FM3 (fertilization method 3)、35%基肥侧深施+35%分蘖肥+30%穗肥FM4 (fertilization method 4), 并设置常规施肥对照CFM (conventional fertilization method)和不施氮处理0N (no nitrogen)。研究了不同施肥方式 (处理)对水稻产量及构成因素、茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累、群体生长率、氮素利用效率等方面的影响。结果表明, 与其他处理相比, FM3和FM4在稳定穗数的基础上, 显著提高了群体颖花量和千粒重, 经济产量最高。FM3生育中、后期的叶面积指数和干物质积累量尤其是抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累显著高于其他处理, 拔节后的氮素积累量和全生育期总吸氮量、氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率、氮素吸收利用率、和氮素偏生产力也均显著高于其他处理。同时, FM3比CFM及FM4减少施肥次数1~2次, 节省了用工及成本, 利于规模化生产, 是一种兼具高产、轻简与高效的水稻施肥方式。

关键词: 侧深施肥, 粳稻, 施肥方式, 产量, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract:

Lateral deep fertilization is an efficient, high-quality, and safe cultivation technology of rice mechanical transplanting. In order to improve the technical system of lateral deep fertilization, we investigated the effects of different fertilization methods on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under the condition of lateral deep fertilization. In this study, Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5718, the representative varieties of quality and delicious rice of Jiangsu, were used as materials. Four different lateral deep fertilization methods were arranged, including 100% base fertilizer side deep application FM1 (fertilization method 1), 70% base fertilizer side deep application + 30% tillering fertilizer FM2 (fertilization method 2), 70% base fertilizer side deep application + 30% panicle fertilizer FM3 (fertilization method 3), and 35% base fertilizer side deep application + 35% tillering fertilizer + 30% panicle fertilizer FM4 (fertilization method 4). In addition, the conventional fertilization method and no nitrogen treatment were added. The effects of different treatments on rice yield, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation, population growth rate, and nitrogen use efficiency were compared. The results revealed that the yield of FM3 and FM4 were higher than those of other treatments. The main reason was that the spikelet number of the population was significantly higher than that of other treatments on the basis of stable panicle number. The leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of FM3 treatment were higher in the middle and late growth stages, especially from heading to maturity stage. Nitrogen accumulation of FM3 was less before jointing stage, but nitrogen accumulation after jointing stage and the total nitrogen uptake during the whole growth period were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Moreover, the nitrogen agronomic utilization rate, nitrogen physiological utilization rate, nitrogen absorption utilization rate, and nitrogen partial productivity of FM3 were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. At the same time, compared with CFM and FM4, FM3 can reduce fertilization times by 1-2 times, save labor and cost, and is conducive to large-scale production. It is a high-yield, simple and efficient fertilization method for rice.

Key words: side deep placement of nitrogen, japonica rice, fertilization methods, yield, nitrogen use efficiency

表1

试验处理设计"

处理
Treatment		 基肥N
Basic fertilizer N (kg hm-2)		 分蘖肥N
Tiller fertilizer N (kg hm-2)		 穗肥N
Earing fertilizer
N (kg hm-2)		 总N
Total N
(kg hm-2)		 施肥次数Fertilization times
不施氮肥0N 0 0 0 0 0
常规施肥对照CFM 105 105 90 300 4
100%基肥一次性侧深施FM1 300 0 0 300 1
70%基肥侧深施+30%分蘖肥FM2 210 90 0 300 2
70%基肥侧深施+30%穗肥FM3 210 0 90 300 2
35%基肥侧深施+35%分蘖肥+30%穗肥FM4 105 105 90 300 4

表2

侧深施肥不同施肥方式对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)		 穗数
Panicles per
(×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数Spikelets per panicle 结实率
Filled grains rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
2019 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 7.21 d 255.07 d 115.44 e 96.94 a 28.91 a
CFM 10.07 bc 351.85 c 126.95 d 94.58 b 26.50 bc
FM1 9.45 c 351.80 c 114.95 e 89.72 f 26.28 cd
FM2 10.46 b 374.07 b 130.98 c 90.93 e 25.87 d
FM3 11.34 a 401.82 a 138.61 a 91.85 d 26.63 b
FM4 10.91 a 372.60 b 134.01 b 92.54 c 26.75 b
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 8.25 d 265.95 d 112.56 e 97.68 a 30.43 a
CFM 10.37 bc 362.82 c 121.66 d 95.74 b 28.14 bc
FM1 10.12 c 374.73 b 109.42 f 91.03 e 27.50 c
FM2 10.45 b 375.67 b 126.71 c 91.41 e 27.71 c
FM3 11.24 a 411.37 a 133.96 a 92.37 d 28.35 b
FM4 11.10 a 405.87 a 128.53 b 93.42 c 28.53 b
2020 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 6.77 c 244.68 d 114.29 d 95.91 a 28.55 a
CFM 9.80 b 343.93 c 127.38 c 94.30 ab 26.48 bc
FM1 9.90 b 371.12 b 118.34 d 89.24 c 26.39 c
FM2 10.27 ab 374.21 b 129.11 bc 92.12 b 26.11 d
FM3 10.73 a 397.91 a 132.83 ab 92.90 b 26.68 b
FM4 10.59 a 403.12 a 133.42 a 93.15 b 26.72 b
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 7.77 c 276.31 d 111.24 d 96.08 a 30.80 a
CFM 10.09 b 356.03 c 121.14 c 94.73 b 28.18 b
FM1 10.18 b 379.91 b 113.24 d 91.45 d 27.87 c
FM2 10.58 ab 386.11 b 122.45 bc 93.17 c 27.89 c
FM3 10.92 a 409.22 a 126.38 a 93.83 c 28.00 bc
FM4 10.71 a 405.25 a 124.25 ab 93.64 c 28.11 b
方差分析Variance analysis Y ** ** ** ** **
V ** ** ** ** **
T ** ** ** ** **
Y×T ns ns ** ** ns
Y×V ** ns ns ns ns
V×T ** ** ** ns ns
Y×V×T ** ns ns ns ns

表3

侧深施肥不同施肥方式对水稻茎蘖动态的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 分蘖盛期
Peak seeding stage
(×104 hm-2)		 拔节期
Jointing stage
(×104 hm-2)		 抽穗期
Heading stage
(×104 hm-2)		 成熟期
Maturity stage
(×104 hm-2)		 茎蘖成穗率
Percentage of productive tiller
(%)
2019 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 342.20 e 327.37 e 257.53 c 257.43 d 74.54 a
CFM 515.20 d 503.79 d 355.11 b 353.44 c 68.29 b
FM1 611.79 a 585.48 a 355.46 b 355.47 c 57.50 c
FM2 622.08 a 594.71 a 381.68 a 379.14 b 60.13 c
FM3 589.87 b 580.07 ab 408.13 a 408.34 a 68.12 b
FM4 569.61 c 555.34 c 396.63 a 394.82 a 65.41 b
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 366.13 d 346.88 e 268.24 d 268.41 c 72.64 a
CFM 534.42 c 512.33 d 368.71 c 366.47 b 67.89 b
FM1 631.77 a 622.97 a 380.50 b 377.59 b 59.31 c
FM2 629.59 a 620.22 a 381.83 b 379.71 b 59.67 c
FM3 604.49 b 597.85 ab 415.67 a 415.21 a 68.05 b
FM4 589.76 b 567.67 c 410.78 a 408.88 a 68.82 b
2020 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 340.22 e 323.89 e 257.35 d 257.21 d 71.92 a
CFM 511.02 d 500.43 d 353.11 c 350.78 c 67.30 b
FM1 610.85 a 582.14 a 353.26 c 351.25 c 60.75 c
FM2 618.56 a 590.85 a 377.48 b 376.22 b 60.50 c
FM3 586.39 b 576.39 ab 402.11 a 400.12 a 67.86 b
FM4 567.11 c 551.56 c 393.15 a 392.22 a 71.08 a
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 361.25 d 343.58 e 264.58 c 264.23 c 76.49 a
CFM 530.68 c 510.15 d 362.15 b 361.75 b 67.09 b
FM1 628.55 a 620.05 a 377.22 b 376.19 b 60.44 c
年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 分蘖盛期
Peak seeding stage
(×104 hm-2)		 拔节期
Jointing stage
(×104 hm-2)		 抽穗期
Heading stage
(×104 hm-2)		 成熟期
Maturity stage
(×104 hm-2)		 茎蘖成穗率
Percentage of productive tiller
(%)
FM2 627.15 a 615.64 a 379.29 b 378.05 b 61.57 c
FM3 601.25 b 592.61 ab 411.39 a 410.05 a 68.06 b
FM4 585.28 b 564.55 c 408.12 a 407.56 a 69.24 b
方差分析Variance analysis Y ns ns ns ns ns
V ** * * * ns
T ** ** ** ** **
Y×T ns ns ns ns ns
Y×V ns ns ns ns ns
V×T ** ** ** ** **
Y×V×T ns ns ns ns ns

表4

侧深施肥不同施肥方式对水稻叶面积指数的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
2019 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 1.68 c 3.69 c 1.49 c
CFM 4.15 b 6.41 b 3.81 ab
FM1 4.81 a 6.74 a 3.94 a
FM2 4.69 a 6.77 a 3.96 a
FM3 4.28 b 6.65 a 4.05 a
FM4 4.26 b 6.65 a 3.98 a
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 2.53 c 4.06 c 2.07 c
CFM 4.50 b 7.02 b 4.10 ab
FM1 5.31 a 7.19 a 4.16 a
FM2 5.29 a 7.27 a 4.21 a
FM3 4.69 b 7.24 a 4.25 a
FM4 4.66 b 7.25 a 4.21 a
2020 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 1.81 c 3.81 c 1.58 c
CFM 4.41 b 6.62 b 4.01 b
年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
FM1 4.98 a 6.62 b 4.09 b
FM2 4.96 a 6.79 b 4.11 b
FM3 4.52 b 6.97 a 4.35 a
FM4 4.50 b 6.96 a 4.33 a
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 2.88 c 4.14 c 2.21 c
CFM 4.87 b 7.12 b 4.26 b
FM1 5.28 a 7.12 b 4.27 b
FM2 5.26 a 7.25 b 4.28 b
FM3 4.98 b 7.47 a 4.46 a
FM4 5.00 b 7.46 a 4.45 a
方差分析Variance analysis Y ns ns ns
V ** ** **
T ** ** **
Y×V ns ns ns
Y×T ns ns ns
V×T ** ** **
Y×V×T ns ns ns

表5

侧深施肥不同施肥方式对水稻光合势的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 播种期至拔节期
S-J
(×104 m2 d hm-2)		 拔节期至抽穗期
J-H
(×104 m2 d hm-2)		 抽穗期至成熟期
H-M
(×104 m2 d hm-2)
2019 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 55.83 c 88.23 d 172.98 d
CFM 138.55 b 174.01 c 342.01 c
FM1 160.13 a 190.15 a 357.59 a
FM2 156.78 a 188.72 a 356.02 a
FM3 142.99 b 179.95 b 359.85 b
FM4 142.73 b 179.73 b 355.96 b
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 84.55 c 108.45 d 203.11 d
CFM 150.24 b 189.86 c 370.95 c
FM1 176.95 a 205.62 a 380.09 a
年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 播种期至拔节期
S-J
(×104 m2 d hm-2)		 拔节期至抽穗期
J-H
(×104 m2 d hm-2)		 抽穗期至成熟期
H-M
(×104 m2 d hm-2)
FM2 177.63 a 206.88 a 381.55 a
FM3 156.87 b 197.01 b 385.70 b
FM4 155.68 b 196.33 b 383.45 b
2020 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 56.73 c 88.87 d 173.62 d
CFM 139.49 b 174.47 c 342.49 c
FM1 162.13 a 190.99 a 357.97 a
FM2 157.28 a 189.24 a 356.44 a
FM3 143.77 b 180.63 b 360.13 b
FM4 143.23 b 180.19 b 356.26 b
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 84.95 c 108.91 d 207.15 d
CFM 151.26 b 190.18 c 373.85 c
FM1 177.25 a 206.00 a 380.13 a
FM2 178.13 a 207.26 a 385.59 a
FM3 157.19 b 197.55 b 385.90 b
FM4 156.30 b 196.59 b 384.13 b
方差分析Variance analysis Y ns ns ns
V ** ** **
T ** ** **
Y×V ns ns ns
Y×T ns ns ns
V×T ** ** **
Y×V×T ns ns ns

表6

侧深施肥不同施肥方式对水稻干物质积累的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Jointing stage
(t hm-2)		 抽穗期
Heading stage
(t hm-2)		 成熟期
Maturity stage
(t hm-2)		 收获指数
Harvest index
(%)
2019 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 2.73 d 7.02 c 13.20 c 54.62 a
CFM 3.37 c 10.57 b 19.77 b 50.94 b
FM1 4.72 a 10.62 ab 18.67 b 50.62 b
FM2 4.70 a 11.63 a 20.13 ab 51.96 b
FM3 3.75 b 11.70 a 21.77 a 52.09 b
FM4 3.73 b 11.63 a 21.66 a 50.37 b
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 3.07 d 8.40 b 14.69 d 56.16 a
CFM 3.83 c 11.37 b 21.87 b 47.42 b
FM1 4.98 a 11.75 ab 20.60 c 49.13 b
FM2 4.93 a 12.19 a 21.61 b 48.36 b
FM3 4.41 b 12.56 a 23.10 a 48.66 b
FM4 4.41 b 12.52 a 23.04 a 48.18 b
2020 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 2.43 d 6.51 c 11.95 c 56.65 a
CFM 3.56 c 10.25 b 19.47 b 50.34 b
FM1 4.86 a 11.01 ab 19.26 b 51.40 b
FM2 4.89 a 11.34 a 20.23 ab 50.77 b
FM3 4.03 b 11.28 a 20.78 a 51.64 b
FM4 4.05 b 11.31 a 20.84 a 50.82 b
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 2.62 d 7.59 b 13.27 d 58.54 a
CFM 3.73 c 10.77 b 21.42 b 47.10 b
FM1 5.31 a 12.25 ab 20.70 c 49.18 b
FM2 5.33 a 12.82 a 22.11 ab 47.85 b
FM3 4.42 b 12.45 a 22.86 a 47.77 b
FM4 4.43 b 12.48 a 22.97 a 46.63 b
方差分析Variance analysis Y ns ns ns ns
V ns ** ** ns
T ** ** ** **
Y×V ns ns ns ns
Y×T ns ns ns ns
V×T ** ** ** *
Y×V×T ns ns ns ns

表7

侧深施肥不同施肥方式对水稻群体生长率的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 播种期至拔节期
S-J
(g m -2 d-1)		 拔节期至抽穗期
J-H
(g m -2 d-1)		 抽穗期至成熟期
H-M
(g m -2 d-1)
2019 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 4.71 d 20.92 d 6.12 c
CFM 6.79 c 24.62 b 10.72 a
FM1 8.73 a 22.00 c 8.18 b
FM2 8.70 a 22.08 c 7.82 b
FM3 7.47 b 26.07 a 11.00 a
FM4 7.46 b 26.00 a 10.95 a
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 5.04 d 21.05 d 6.23 c
CFM 7.16 c 25.09 b 11.41 a
FM1 8.92 a 23.21 c 8.75 b
FM2 8.90 a 23.28 c 9.03 b
FM3 7.62 b 27.22 a 11.43 a
FM4 7.63 b 27.10 a 11.42 a
2020 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 4.85 d 21.00 d 6.18 c
CFM 6.87 c 24.70 b 10.78 a
FM1 8.77 a 22.02 c 8.24 b
FM2 8.74 a 22.14 c 7.88 b
FM3 7.51 b 26.15 a 11.02 a
FM4 7.44 b 26.02 a 10.99 a
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 5.08 d 21.17 d 6.27 c
CFM 7.20 c 25.15 b 11.45 a
FM1 8.98 a 23.27 c 8.85 b
FM2 8.92 a 23.34 c 9.09 b
FM3 7.64 b 27.28 a 11.47 a
FM4 7.67 b 27.14 a 11.48 a
方差分析Variance analysis Y ns ns ns
V ** ** **
T ** ** *
Y×V ns ns ns
Y×T ns ns ns
V×T ** * *
Y×V×T ns ns ns

表8

侧深施肥不同施肥方式对水稻氮素积累的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Jointing stage
(×10-2 t hm-2)		 抽穗期
Heading stage
(×10-2 t hm-2)		 成熟期
Maturity stage
(×10-2 t hm-2)
2019 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 3.97 e 9.80 d 11.76 d
CFM 6.48 d 16.91 c 20.86 bc
FM1 10.54 ab 16.93 c 20.48 c
FM2 10.76 a 17.66 ab 21.40 b
FM3 7.67 c 18.17 a 22.53 a
FM4 7.55 c 17.90 ab 22.10 a
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 3.85 d 9.80 d 11.80 d
CFM 6.07 c 18.16 c 22.45 bc
FM1 10.46 a 18.58 c 22.34 c
FM2 10.55 a 18.93 ab 22.83 b
FM3 7.38 b 19.67 a 24.45 a
FM4 7.30 b 19.45 ab 24.01 a
2020 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 3.99 e 9.84 d 11.78 d
CFM 6.52 d 16.93 c 20.90 bc
FM1 10.58 ab 16.97 c 20.52 c
FM2 10.80 a 17.70 ab 21.42 b
FM3 7.69 c 18.21 a 22.55 a
FM4 7.59 c 17.94 ab 22.12 a
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 3.87 d 9.86 d 11.84 d
CFM 6.11 c 18.20 c 22.49 bc
FM1 10.50 a 18.64 c 22.38 c
年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Jointing stage
(×10-2 t hm-2)		 抽穗期
Heading stage
(×10-2 t hm-2)		 成熟期
Maturity stage
(×10-2 t hm-2)
FM2 10.61 a 18.97 ab 22.87 b
FM3 7.42 b 19.71 a 24.47 a
FM4 7.34 b 19.47 ab 24.05 a
方差分析Variance analysis Y ns ns ns
V ** ** **
T ** ** **
Y×V ns ns ns
Y×T ns ns ns
V×T ** ** **
Y×V×T ns ns ns

表9

侧深施肥不同施肥方式对水稻氮素吸收速率的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 播种期至拔节期
S-J		 拔节期至抽穗期
J-H		 抽穗期至成熟期
H-M
2019 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 0.43 d 1.29 c 0.21 d
CFM 0.71 c 2.31 a 0.43 b
FM1 1.17 a 1.47 b 0.38 c
FM2 1.19 a 1.52 b 0.40 c
FM3 0.84 b 2.33 a 0.47 a
FM4 0.83 b 2.29 a 0.46 a
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 0.42 d 1.32 c 0.21 d
CFM 0.67 c 2.68 a 0.47 b
FM1 1.16 a 1.57 b 0.41 c
FM2 1.16 a 1.63 b 0.42 c
FM3 0.80 b 2.68 a 0.51 a
FM4 0.81 b 2.72 a 0.52 a
2020 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N 0.45 d 1.31 c 0.23 d
CFM 0.73 c 2.33 a 0.45 b
FM1 1.17 a 1.51 b 0.42 c
FM2 1.21 a 1.54 b 0.42 c
年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 播种期至拔节期
S-J		 拔节期至抽穗期
J-H		 抽穗期至成熟期
H-M
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N 0.44 d 1.34 c 0.23 d
FM3 0.86 b 2.35 a 0.49 a
FM4 0.85 b 2.31 a 0.48 a
CFM 0.69 c 2.70 a 0.49 b
FM1 1.18 a 1.59 b 0.43 c
FM2 1.20 a 1.65 b 0.44 c
FM3 0.82 b 2.72 a 0.53 a
FM4 0.83 b 2.74 a 0.54 a
方差分析Variance analysis Y ns ns ns
V ** ** **
T ** ** **
Y×V ns ns ns
Y×T ns ns ns
V×T ** ** **
Y×V×T ns ns ns

表10

侧深施肥不同施肥方式对水稻氮效率的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理Treatment 氮素农学利用率
N agronomic
efficiency
(kg kg-1)		 氮素生理
利用率
N physiological
efficiency
(kg kg-1)		 氮素吸收
利用率
N recovery
efficiency
(%)		 氮素谷物
生产效率
N grain
production efficiency
(kg kg-1)		 氮素干物质生产效率
N dry matter production efficiency
(kg kg-1)		 百千克籽粒
需氮量
N requirement
for 100-kg grain
(kg)		 氮素偏
生产力
N partial factor
productivity
(kg kg-1)
2019 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N — — — 61.31 a 107.51 a 1.63 b —
CFM 9.93 b 31.43 b 30.33 c 48.27 b 99.36 b 2.07 a 33.57 d
FM1 7.47 c 25.69 c 29.07 c 46.14 c 93.07 c 2.17 a 31.50 e
FM2 10.83 b 33.71 b 32.13 b 48.88 b 88.79 c 2.05 a 34.87 c
FM3 13.77 a 38.35 a 35.90 a 50.33 b 99.68 b 1.99 a 37.80 a
FM4 12.33 a 35.78 a 34.47 a 49.37 b 102.49 ab 2.03 a 36.37 b
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N — — — 69.92 a 104.08 a 1.43 b —
CFM 8.07 b 22.91 b 35.50 c 46.19 b 98.74 b 2.16 a 34.57 b
FM1 7.23 c 20.74 c 35.13 c 44.30 c 95.26 c 2.21 a 33.73 c
FM2 8.33 b 24.95 b 36.77 b 45.77 b 101.99 a 2.18 a 34.83 b
FM3 10.97 a 27.64 a 42.17 a 45.97 b 99.63 ab 2.18 a 37.47 a
FM4 10.50 a 27.34 a 40.70 a 46.23 b 98.78 b 2.16 a 37.00 a
2020 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 0N — — — 57.47 a 105.45 a 1.74 b —
CFM 11.10 b 33.22 b 30.40 c 46.89 b 99.12 b 2.13 a 33.67 b
FM1 10.43 c 25.81 c 29.13 c 48.25 c 92.63 c 2.07 a 31.00 c
FM2 11.67 b 34.31 b 32.13 b 45.95 b 88.23 c 2.09 a 34.23 b
FM3 13.20 a 36.77 a 35.90 a 47.58 b 99.62 b 2.10 a 35.77 a
FM4 12.73a 36.94 a 34.47 a 47.88 b 100.45 ab 2.09 a 35.30 a
南粳5718
Nanjing 5718		 0N — — — 65.63 a 101.26 a 1.52 b —
CFM 9.73 b 23.78 b 35.50 c 44.86 b 97.56 b 2.23 a 33.63 b
FM1 9.03 c 21.87 c 35.13 c 42.49 c 90.54 c 2.20 a 31.93 c
FM2 10.37 b 25.48 b 37.77 b 46.26 b 100.25 a 2.16 a 34.27 b
FM3 11.50 a 28.94 a 42.10 a 44.63 b 98.53 ab 2.24 a 36.40 a
FM4 10.80 a 28.08 a 40.70 a 44.53 b 96.52 b 2.25 a 35.70 a
方差分析
Variance analysis		 Y ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
V ** ** ** ** ns ns **
T ** ** ** ** ** ns **
Y×V ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
Y×T ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
V×T ** ** ** ** ** ns **
Y×V×T ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
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