作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 529-537.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14024
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
张国伟1(
), 李凯2, 李思嘉1, 王晓婧1, 杨长琴1, 刘瑞显1,*(
)
ZHANG Guo-Wei1(
), LI Kai2, LI Si-Jia1, WANG Xiao-Jing1, YANG Chang-Qin1, LIU Rui-Xian1,*(
)
摘要:
植物的碳代谢过程与植株生长和产量形成密切相关, 是受源库关系影响最明显的生理过程之一。研究减库对大豆叶片碳代谢的影响, 可为明确源库关系失衡导致的减产机理研究提供理论依据。以早熟大豆品种苏豆13为材料, 于2019年和2020年在江苏省农业科学院大豆试验站进行池栽试验, 在大豆R4期设置减库处理(去除全部豆荚、去掉1/2豆荚和全部种子损伤处理), 以正常植株为对照, 研究减库对大豆碳代谢的影响。结果表明, 减库处理延缓了叶片衰老和脱落, 导致叶片持绿。减库处理显著抑制了短期内的净光合速率(Pn), 但是未影响初始羧化速率(a)。Pn降低主要受气孔限制, 随时间延长, 光合抑制作用逐渐减弱并转为促进作用, 在生育后期, 减库处理的叶片仍能保持相对较高的a、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SuSy)和酸性转化酶(SAI)活性及光合色素、可溶性糖、淀粉、蔗糖和果糖含量, 利于维持相对较高的光合性能。减库处理导致更多的光合产物向营养器官分配, 茎、叶片和叶柄在一定程度上成为新的库器官, 利于生育后期的叶片光合产物输出并保持相对较高的碳代谢水平。去除全部豆荚和种子损伤处理延缓叶片衰老和脱落、光合性能和碳代谢水平降低的作用显著高于去除1/2豆荚。总之, 在同等的源条件下, 减小库容量可以诱导大豆出现持绿现象, 减库程度越大, 持绿现象越重, 减库处理显著影响大豆叶片碳代谢, 虽然短期内抑制了“源”叶片的光合性能, 但是生育后期叶片仍能保持相对较高的光合活性和碳代谢关键酶活性利于合成较多的碳水化合物, 且刺激茎、叶和叶柄转化为新的库器官。
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