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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2945-2952.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13077

所属专题： 玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

镉胁迫对不同耐镉型玉米品种苗期根系生长的影响

曲梦雪(), 宋杰, 孙菁, 胡旦旦, 王洪章, 任昊, 赵斌, 张吉旺, 任佰朝, 刘鹏*()   

  1. 山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室 / 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安271018
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-23 接受日期:2022-03-28 出版日期:2022-11-12 网络出版日期:2022-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘鹏
  • 作者简介:第一作者联系方式: E-mail: 1053149706@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202103);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08)

Effects of cadmium stress on root growth of maize (Zea mays L.) varieties with different cadmium-tolerant at seedling stage

QU Meng-Xue(), SONG Jie, SUN Jing, HU Dan-Dan, WANG Hong-Zhang, REN Hao, ZHAO Bin, ZHANG Ji-Wang, REN Bai-Zhao, LIU Peng*()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-12-23 Accepted:2022-03-28 Published:2022-11-12 Published online:2022-04-20
  • Contact: LIU Peng
  • Supported by:
    The Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Project(LJNY202103);The Shandong Agriculture Research System(SDAIT-02-08)

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摘要：

土壤镉污染严重威胁农作物生产, 选用耐镉性能差异的玉米品种为试验材料, 研究其对玉米苗期根系生长发育的影响, 对耐镉玉米新品种选育及镉污染地块玉米栽培具有重要意义。以耐镉型品种鑫瑞57 (Xinrui 57, XR57)和镉敏感型品种立原296 (Liyuan 296, LY296)为试验材料, 采用水培方式, 设置不同镉浓度处理(0 mg L-1、10 mg L-1), 研究镉胁迫后2个品种苗期根系形态、生理特性和根系呼吸的差异。结果表明, 镉胁迫后2类型玉米品种根系均积累过量的镉, 严重影响根系生长, 其中LY296单株根系镉积累量达到1219.77 μg, 较XR57提高16.17%, 导致其根系各指标较其对照均显著降低, 表现为总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根干重以及节根的侧根密度, 分别下降43.92%、40.84%、39.34%、33.33%和62.54%。镉胁迫后2品种的细胞保护酶活性变化趋势不同, XR57和LY296根系的SOD活性均显著降低, 与各自对照相比分别下降43.05%和57.54%, XR57的POD和CAT活性显著上升, 分别为其对照的1.26倍和1.58倍; 而LY296的POD和CAT活性则呈下降趋势, 导致其H2O2含量显著上升, 氧化胁迫加重。镉胁迫显著增加了XR57根中可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量, 而LY296二者含量无显著变化。2类型玉米品种根系呼吸速率受镉胁迫抑制, 其中XR57的降幅较大, XR57还通过增大交替氧化酶(alternative oxidase, AOX)呼吸途径所占比例, 进一步增强其抗氧化能力。综合分析可知, 根系积累的过量镉显著抑制玉米苗期根系生长, 但是低镉积累的耐镉型玉米品种可以通过调控根系生理特性的变化和改变根系呼吸链传递途径来缓解镉毒害, 还可以通过更低的呼吸消耗减少代谢成本, 维持植株生长发育, 而镉敏感型玉米品种则无此优势。

关键词: 镉胁迫, 玉米, 根系形态, 抗氧化酶, 根系呼吸

Abstract:

Cadmium pollution in soil is a serious threat to crop production, and it is of great significance for the breeding of new cadmium-tolerant maize varieties. To study the effects on the growth and development of maize roots at seeding stage, the maize varieties with different cadmium tolerance performance were selected as experimental materials. Using cadmium-tolerant variety Xinrui 57 (XR57) and cadmium-sensitive variety Liyuan 296 (LY296) as experimental materials, the differences of root morphology, root respiration, and physiological characteristics between two varieties were investigated by hydroponic culture with different cadmium concentrations (0 mg L-1 and 10 mg L-1). The results indicated that the root of the two types of maize varieties accumulated excessive cadmium, which seriously affected the root growth. The cadmium accumulation in the root of LY296 reached 1219.77 μg plant-1, which was 16.17% higher than that of XR57, indicating the root indexes significantly lower than control. The total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, root dry weight, and lateral root density of nodal root in cadmium stress were decreased by 43.92%, 40.84%, 39.34%, 33.33%, and 62.54%, respectively. After cadmium stress, the variations of cytoprotective enzymes of the two varieties were different. The activities of SOD decreased significantly, XR57 and LY296 decreased by 43.05% and 57.54%, respectively, while the activities of POD and CAT in XR57 both increased significantly, which were 1.26 and 1.58 times higher than control, respectively. The activities of POD and CAT in LY296 had a downward trend, resulting in a significant increase in H2O2 content and aggravating oxidative stress. The contents of soluble protein and proline were increased significantly in XR57 roots after cadmium treatment, but LY296 had no significant change. The root respiration rate of both varieties were inhibited by cadmium stress, and the suppression was more pronounced in XR57, which was conducive to reducing the decrease of root biomass. XR57 also further enhanced the antioxidant capacity by increasing the proportion of alternative oxidase respiratory pathway. In conclusion, the cadmium accumulation of root significantly inhibited the growth of maize root at seedling stage, but low cadmium accumulation of the cadmium-tolerant maize variety can regulate the change of root physiological characteristics and the change of root respiration chain transfer pathway to alleviate cadmium poisoning, and it can also breathe through lower consumption by metabolic cost, maintain plant growth and development, while the cadmium-sensitive maize variety had no these advantages.

Key words: cadmium stress, maize, root morphology, antioxidant enzymes, root respiration

表1

镉胁迫后不同耐镉型玉米品种植株的镉积累量"

处理
Treatment		 镉积累量 Cd amount (μg plant-1)
根系 Root 地上部 Shoot 植株 Plant
鑫瑞57 XR57 1049.96±16.39 b 570.82±17.27 b 1626.18±9.04 b
立原296 LY296 1219.77±19.91 a 634.29±11.37 a 1854.06±12.51 a

表2

镉胁迫对不同耐镉型玉米品种根系形态的影响"

处理
Treatment		 根系干重
Root dry weight
(g plant-1)		 总根长
Total root length
(cm plant-1)		 总根表面积
Total root surface area
(cm2 plant-1)		 总根体积
Total root volume
(cm3 plant-1)
鑫瑞57-CK XR57-CK 0.63±0.041 a 4326.06±247.62 a 464.21±28.49 a 4.79±0.25 a
鑫瑞57-Cd XR57-Cd 0.55±0.036 b 2667.61±148.07 b 324.89±13.55 b 3.74±0.20 b
立原296-CK LY296-CK 0.75±0.017 a 5335.16±294.61 a 549.92±40.06 a 5.49±0.34 a
立原296-Cd LY296-Cd 0.50±0.026 b 2992.03±186.44 b 325.36±28.87 b 3.33±0.19 b

图1

镉胁迫对不同耐镉型玉米品种侧根密度的影响 处理同表2。误差线表示标准差。不同小写字母表示同一品种处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图2

镉胁迫下不同耐镉型玉米品种根系生理指标的变化 处理同表2。误差线表示标准差。不同小写字母表示同一品种处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图3

镉胁迫对不同耐镉型玉米品种根系呼吸速率以及AOX途径占比的影响 处理同表2。误差线表示标准差。不同小写字母表示同一品种处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图4

镉胁迫对不同耐镉型玉米品种植株干物质积累和根冠比的影响 处理同表2。误差线表示标准差。不同小写字母表示同一品种处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

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