作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1643-1652.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23043
所属专题: 玉米:耕作栽培·生理生化
李璐璐1,2,3(
), 明博1,*(
), 高尚1, 谢瑞芝1, 王克如1, 侯鹏1, 薛军1, 李少昆1,*(
)
LI Lu-Lu1,2,3(
), MING Bo1,*(
), GAO Shang1, XIE Rui-Zhi1, WANG Ke-Ru1, HOU Peng1, XUE Jun1, LI Shao-Kun1,*(
)
摘要:
玉米收获期籽粒含水率是影响机械粒收质量和籽粒品质的重要因素, 不同熟期品种收获期籽粒含水率有差异, 同时品种间熟期的差异也使其田间脱水的环境不同, 造成其脱水特征难以精准比较。本研究于2018—2019年, 以不同熟期玉米品种为研究对象, 设置间隔约10 d的8个播期处理, 播期覆盖自早春播至晚夏播, 创制籽粒田间脱水的环境差异, 观测籽粒含水率动态过程, 分析品种之间籽粒田间脱水特征差异。结果表明, 收获期籽粒含水率与品种生育期长短呈显著正相关(r = 0.810*, 2018; r = 0.912**, 2019), 早熟品种收获时含水率低、晚熟品种高; 生理成熟期籽粒含水率与灌浆期长短呈显著负相关(r = -0.484**), 早熟品种生理成熟期籽粒含水率高、晚熟品种低; 籽粒生理成熟前脱水速率(r = -0.655**)和生理成熟后脱水速率(r = -0.492**)均与生育期长短呈显著负相关, 表现出早熟品种籽粒脱水速率快、晚熟品种脱水速率慢的特征; 籽粒生理成熟前脱水速率与生理成熟后脱水速率之间呈显著正相关(r = 0.466**), 一般而言生理成熟前籽粒脱水速率较快的品种, 生理成熟后脱水速率也较快, 但是存在生理成熟前脱水速率快、生理成熟后脱水速率慢的特例品种。本研究认为生育期影响籽粒脱水速率, 通常早熟品种生理成熟前、后籽粒脱水速率均较快, 收获期含水率较低; 晚熟品种生理成熟前、后籽粒脱水速率均较慢, 收获期含水率较高; 但是存在特例品种, 在进行籽粒快速脱水品种的选育和筛选时应引起关注。
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