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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1643-1652.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23043

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同熟期玉米品种籽粒田间脱水特征差异性分析

李璐璐1,2,3(), 明博1,*(), 高尚1, 谢瑞芝1, 王克如1, 侯鹏1, 薛军1, 李少昆1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京 100081
    2海南省农业科学院三亚研究院, 海南三亚 572025
    3海南省崖州湾种子实验室, 海南三亚 572025
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-19 接受日期:2022-10-10 出版日期:2023-06-12 网络出版日期:2022-10-18
  • 通讯作者: *李少昆, E-mail: lishaokun@caas.cn;明博, E-mail: mingbo@caas.cn, Tel: 010-82108891
  • 作者简介:E-mail: lilulu19910818@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31971849);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-25);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ZDRW202004)

Characteristic difference in grain in-field drydown between maize cultivars with various maturation

LI Lu-Lu1,2,3(), MING Bo1,*(), GAO Shang1, XIE Rui-Zhi1, WANG Ke-Ru1, HOU Peng1, XUE Jun1, LI Shao-Kun1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China
    3Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China
  • Received:2022-05-19 Accepted:2022-10-10 Published:2023-06-12 Published online:2022-10-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: lishaokun@caas.cn;E-mail: mingbo@caas.cn, Tel: 010-82108891
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971849);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02-25);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202004)

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摘要：

玉米收获期籽粒含水率是影响机械粒收质量和籽粒品质的重要因素, 不同熟期品种收获期籽粒含水率有差异, 同时品种间熟期的差异也使其田间脱水的环境不同, 造成其脱水特征难以精准比较。本研究于2018—2019年, 以不同熟期玉米品种为研究对象, 设置间隔约10 d的8个播期处理, 播期覆盖自早春播至晚夏播, 创制籽粒田间脱水的环境差异, 观测籽粒含水率动态过程, 分析品种之间籽粒田间脱水特征差异。结果表明, 收获期籽粒含水率与品种生育期长短呈显著正相关(r = 0.810*, 2018; r = 0.912**, 2019), 早熟品种收获时含水率低、晚熟品种高; 生理成熟期籽粒含水率与灌浆期长短呈显著负相关(r = -0.484**), 早熟品种生理成熟期籽粒含水率高、晚熟品种低; 籽粒生理成熟前脱水速率(r = -0.655**)和生理成熟后脱水速率(r = -0.492**)均与生育期长短呈显著负相关, 表现出早熟品种籽粒脱水速率快、晚熟品种脱水速率慢的特征; 籽粒生理成熟前脱水速率与生理成熟后脱水速率之间呈显著正相关(r = 0.466**), 一般而言生理成熟前籽粒脱水速率较快的品种, 生理成熟后脱水速率也较快, 但是存在生理成熟前脱水速率快、生理成熟后脱水速率慢的特例品种。本研究认为生育期影响籽粒脱水速率, 通常早熟品种生理成熟前、后籽粒脱水速率均较快, 收获期含水率较低; 晚熟品种生理成熟前、后籽粒脱水速率均较慢, 收获期含水率较高; 但是存在特例品种, 在进行籽粒快速脱水品种的选育和筛选时应引起关注。

关键词: 玉米, 生育期, 籽粒, 含水率, 脱水速率

Abstract:

The grain moisture concentration at harvest stage varies vastly among maize cultivars with various maturities, which is an important factor affecting mechanical grain harvesting and grain quality. Differences in maturation result in various environmental conditions for grain drying in the field, thus increasing the difficulty of comparing the characteristics of grain dehydration between cultivars. Maize cultivars with different maturities were seeded eight times at 10-day intervals from early spring to late summer in 2018 and 2019, supplying the different environmental conditions for grain in-field drying. The dynamics of grain moisture concentration were measured for all cultivars to analyze varietal differences in characterization of grain in-field drydown. Grain moisture concentration at harvest was positively correlated to growth period (r = 0.810*, 2018; r = 0.912**, 2019). Usually, the early-maturing cultivars had lower moisture concentration at harvest stage than the late-maturing cultivars. Grain moisture concentration at physiological maturity was negatively correlated to grain filling period (r = -0.484**). It was higher for early-maturing cultivars than late-maturing cultivars. Grain moisture loss rates of pre- (r = -0.655**) and post-maturity (r = -0.492**) were both inversely associated with the growth period, and were faster for early- than late-maturing cultivars. Furthermore, there was a significantly positive correlation between the grain moisture loss rate of pre-maturity and post-maturity (r = 0.466**). Overall, the cultivars with high moisture loss rate before maturity declined moisture quickly after maturity, while there was the particular cultivar with high moisture loss rate before maturity but low moisture loss rate after maturity. Duration of growth period affected grain dehydration rate. Generally, compared to late-maturing cultivar, grain of early-maturing cultivar had faster drying rates of pre- and post-maturity and lower moisture concentration at harvest stage. However, there was the noticeable case of particular cultivar when breeding and screening maize with rapid grain dehydration.

Key words: maize, growth period, grain, moisture concentration, moisture loss rate

表1

试验的播种日期"

年份
Year		 第1播期
The first sowing		 第2播期
The second sowing		 第3播期
The third sowing		 第4播期
The fourth sowing		 第5播期
The fifth sowing		 第6播期
The sixth sowing		 第7播期
The seventh sowing		 第8播期
The eighth sowing
2018 4/19 4/30 5/10 5/24 6/3 6/13 6/23 7/3
2019 4/24 5/4 5/14 5/24 6/3 6/13 6/23 7/3

图1

试验田气温、降水、风速和相对湿度 图A和图B上的实线表示平均气温, 阴影表示最低气温和最高气温。"

图2

粒重动态过程的双线性模型(A)和籽粒含水率动态过程的分阶段线性拟合(B)"

图3

不同玉米品种在第5播期的生育进程(左)、10月1日籽粒含水率(中)以及含水率与生育期的相关性(右) *和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著。禾田1号(Hetian 1, HT1)、丰垦139 (Fengken 139, FK139)、泽玉8911 (Zeyu 8911, ZY8911)、京农科728 (Jingnongke 728, JNK728)、迪卡517 (Dika 517, DK517)、先玉335 (Xianyu 335, XY335)、郑单958 (Zhengdan 958, ZD958)、迪卡653 (Dika 653, DK653)。"

图4

生理成熟期籽粒含水率及其与灌浆期的关系 图中小写字母表示在0.05概率水平差异显著, **表示在0.01概率水平差异显著, × 为样本均值, 缩略词同图3。"

图5

不同玉米品种生理成熟前、后籽粒脱水速率 图中小写字母表示在0.05概率水平差异显著, ×为样本均值, 虚线为HT1样本值的下端线, 缩略词同图3。"

表2

脱水速率与生育期的相关分析"

性状
Trait		 出苗-吐丝
Emergence-silking		 吐丝-成熟
Silking-maturity		 出苗-成熟
Emergence-maturity
生理成熟前脱水速率Moisture loss rate of pre-maturity stage -0.211* -0.641** -0.655**
生理成熟后脱水速率Moisture loss rate of post-maturity stage -0.183* -0.464** -0.492**
总脱水速率Moisture loss rate of pre- and post-maturity stage -0.287** -0.509** -0.592**

图6

生理成熟前、后籽粒平均脱水速率的关系 实线为线性拟合方程及95%置信区间, 垂直虚线为生理成熟前脱水速率的平均值, 水平虚线为生理成熟后脱水速率的平均值, 缩略词同图3。"

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