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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 1397-1409.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23003

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

花期前后干旱胁迫对复水后夏玉米光合特性与产量的影响

张俊杰1(), 陈金平2, 汤钰镂1, 张锐3, 曹红章1, 王丽娟1, 马梦金1, 王浩1, 王泳超1, 郭家萌1, KRISHNA SV Jagadish4, 杨青华1, 邵瑞鑫1,*()   

  1. 1河南农业大学农学院/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室/作物生长发育调控教育部重点实验室, 中国河南郑州 450046
    2河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国河南商丘 476000
    3河南省农业技术推广总站, 中国河南郑州 450046
    4德克萨斯州立大学植物与土壤科学系, 美国德克萨斯州拉巴克 79410
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-07 接受日期:2022-10-10 出版日期:2023-05-12 网络出版日期:2022-10-26
  • 通讯作者: *邵瑞鑫, E-mail: shao_rui_xin@126.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zjj3021435607@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划(20HASTIT036);国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2021YFD1901002-8);中原英才计划——中原青年拔尖人才项目

Effects of drought stress before and after anthesis on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer maize after re-watering

ZHANG Jun-Jie1(), CHEN Jin-Ping2, TANG Yu-Lou1, ZHANG Rui3, CAO Hong-Zhang1, WANG Li-Juan1, MA Meng-Jin1, WANG Hao1, WANG Yong-Chao1, GUO Jia-Meng1, KRISHNA SV Jagadish4, YANG Qing-Hua1, SHAO Rui-Xin1,*()   

  1. 1Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    2National Field Science Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu Agricultural Ecology, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
    3Henan Province Agricultural Technology Extension General Station, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    4Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79410, Texas, USA
  • Received:2022-01-07 Accepted:2022-10-10 Published:2023-05-12 Published online:2022-10-26
  • Contact: *E-mail: shao_rui_xin@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Henan University Science and Technology Innovation Talents Support Plan(20HASTIT036);Sub-project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1901002-8);Central Plains Talents Program—Central Plains Youth Top Talents

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摘要：

花期前后干旱是影响黄淮海地区夏玉米产量下降的重要因素之一。于2020—2021年开展池栽控制性试验, 以中科玉505为试验材料, 在开花前后28 d内设置4个水分梯度, 包括100%作物蒸散量ETC (CK)、70% ETC (干旱胁迫WD1)、40% ETC (WD2)和0 ETC (WD3), 研究花期前后干旱胁迫对夏玉米复水后的光合特性、干物质积累与分配以及产量的影响。结果表明: 干旱胁迫处理复水后夏玉米光合性能没有恢复, 表现为叶片SPAD值、净光合速率和群体叶面积指数、光合势、净同化速率低于对照, 植株干物质积累因此受阻, 导致籽粒库容能力下降。干旱胁迫处理使开花吐丝间隔期延长1~3 d, 籽粒败育率增加, 行粒数和百粒重降低, 尤其是WD3的败育率在2020—2021年分别显著增加220.71%和100.73%, WD1、WD2和WD3的产量在2020—2021年分别减产14.52%、36.69%、39.83%和19.62%、45.18%、54.42%。综上所述, 花期前后干旱胁迫在复水后, 玉米的光合性能仍受到抑制, 进而影响光合同化物的积累与分配, 最终导致库容量和产量显著下降。

关键词: 花期, 干旱, 复水, 夏玉米, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

Drought before and after anthesis is one of the important factors affecting the decrease of summer maize yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Rivers region. From 2020 to 2021, a pool planting control experiment was carried out. To study the effect of regulated deficit irrigation before and after anthesis on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield of summer maize after re-watering, four water gradients were set within 28 days before and after anthesis, including 100% Eapotranspiration (ETc) (CK), 70% ETC (Water deficit, WD1), 40% ETC (WD2), and 0 ETC (WD3) using Zhongkeyu 505 as the test materials. The result showed that the photosynthetic performance of summer maize leaves did not recover after re-watering under drought stress. The SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, population leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate were lower than the control, and the dry matter accumulation of the plants was blocked, photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate were lower than the control, and the dry matter accumulation of the plants was blocked, resulting in the decrease of grain storage capacity. Drought stress prolonged the anthesis-silking interval for 1-3 day (s), increased the seed abortion rate, and decreased the grain number per row and 100-seed weight after re-watering, especially the seed abortion rate in WD3 was significantly increased by 220.71% and 100.73% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The yield of WD1, WD2, WD3 was decreased by 14.52%, 36.69%, 39.83% and 19.62%, 45.18%, 54.42% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. In conclusion, after re-watering under water deficit before and after anthesis, the photosynthetic performance of maize was still inhibited, which further affected the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic assimilates, and ultimately leading to a significant decrease in storage capacity and yield.

Key words: anthesis, drought, summer maize, re-watering, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

图1

2020-2021年夏玉米生育时期温度及降水分布 A表示2020年夏玉米生育时期温度及降水分布; B表示2021年夏玉米生育时期温度及降水分布。"

图2

花期前后干旱胁迫对夏玉米开花吐丝间隔期的影响 所有数据为平均值 ± 标准差(n = 3)。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在0.05概率水平差异显著。CK: 100%作物蒸散量ETC (正常水分处理); WD1: 70% ETC (轻度干旱); WD2: 40% ETC (中度干旱); WD3: 0 ETC (重度干旱)。"

图3

花期前后干旱胁迫对复水后夏玉米叶片光合特性的影响 DAP表示授粉后天数; A、B分别表示2020年和2021年叶片SPAD、PIABS; C、D分别表示2021年授粉后20 d叶片的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、净光合速率(Pn)。*表示该时期有处理和CK有显著差异。所有数据为平均值 ± 标准差 (n = 3)。图中不同小写字母表示同一时期不同处理间差异在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同图2。"

图4

花期前后干旱胁迫对复水后夏玉米群体叶面积指数、光合势和净同化速率的影响 DAP表示授粉后天数; A表示2020年和2021年授粉后10 d、20 d和30 d的叶面积指数; B表示2020年和2021年的光合势; C表示2020年和2021年的净同化速率。*表示同一时期不同处理间具有显著差异水平(P < 0.05)。所有数据为平均值 ± 标准差(n = 3)。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同图2。"

图5

花期前后干旱胁迫对复水后夏玉米籽粒库容与籽粒库容指数的影响 DAP表示授粉后天数; A表示2020年和2021年授粉后10 d、20 d的库容; B表示2020年和2021年授粉后10 d、20 d的潜在库容指数 (LSC); C表示2020年和2021年授粉后10 d、20 d的籽粒充实指数(KFI)。所有数据为平均值 ± 标准差(n = 3)。图中不同小写字母表示同一时间内不同处理间差异在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同图2。"

图6

花期前后干旱胁迫对干物质积累及籽粒贡献率的影响 DAP表示授粉后天数; A分别表示2020年和2021年授粉后10 d (DAP10)和收获时茎、叶、鞘、雄穗+苞叶+穗轴、籽粒的积累量; B分别表示2020年和2021年物质再利用对籽粒的贡献率。*表示同一时期不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。所有数据为平均值 ± 标准差(n = 3)。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同图2。"

表1

花期前后干旱胁迫对夏玉米产量、水分利用效率及穗部性状的影响"

处理
Treatment		 穗长
Ear length
(cm)		 穗粗
Ear diameter (mm)		 穗行数
Ear row		 行粒数
Grain number per row		 秃尖长
Bald tip length (cm)		 败育率
The abortive rate (%)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per ear		 百粒重
Hundred seeds weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(g plant-1)		 收获指数Harvest index 水分利用效率 Water use efficiency
(kg hm-2 mm-1)
2020
CK 16.51±1.26 a 46.01±1.18 a 14.00±1.15 a 35.60±2.87 a 2.13±0.16 a 5.89±0.77 c 493.83±46.50 a 30.03±0.59 a 154.79±1.64 a 0.54±0.03 a 19.58±0.05 a
WD1 15.98±1.24 ab 44.79±1.38 b 14.57±1.22 a 32.47±3.38 a 2.19±0.20 a 10.73±1.05 b 478.50±45.94 a 27.33±1.59 b 132.31±2.23 b 0.46±0.03 b 16.88±0.09 b
WD2 15.31±1.25 b 43.88±1.63 bc 14.00±0.76 a 28.20±4.54 b 2.51±0.24 a 11.99±1.94 b 389.85±59.90 b 27.13±1.14 b 98.00±4.85 c 0.41±0.03 c 12.33±0.03 c
WD3 15.00±1.82 b 42.91±1.85 c 14.40±0.89 a 28.44±5.79 b 2.62±0.28 a 18.89±3.14 a 369.00±64.40 b 25.18±2.29 c 93.14±2.51 c 0.36±0.04 d 11.77±0.07 d
2021
CK 16.06±0.96 a 39.95±2.30 a 14.00±1.41 a 37.60±1.17 a 0.49±0.13 b 9.61±2.07 c 401.00±27.73 a 28.74±2.00 a 132.57±1.53 a 0.44±0.04 a 13.71±0.06 a
WD1 15.42±1.54 a 39.47±1.38 a 14.50±1.00 a 34.47±1.88 b 0.77±0.01 b 12.80±1.05 b 352.45±22.37 b 23.32±0.93 b 106.56±1.60 b 0.41±0.05 ab 11.06±0.06 b
WD2 14.50±0.93 b 36.63±1.25 b 14.40±0.89 a 28.80±2.14 c 1.44±0.02 a 13.93±3.06 b 291.31±30.72 c 22.01±1.24 b 72.67±1.17 c 0.37±0.04 ab 7.43±0.02 c
WD3 13.18±0.69 b 37.44±1.41 b 14.67±1.15 a 28.24±2.79 c 1.76±0.39 a 19.29±1.19 a 237.60±29.32 d 19.93±1.62 c 60.43±1.41 d 0.25±0.03 b 6.22±0.04 d

表2

花期前后干旱胁迫条件下2020年的产量及其穗部性状、开花吐丝间隔期、库容的相关分析"

ASI DGS LAI PP B EL ED GNR AR GNE HSW Y
开花吐丝间隔 Anthesis-silking interval (ASI) 1
DAP10库容 DAP10 grain storage (DGS) -0.87* 1
叶面积指数 Leaf area index (LAI) 0.51 0.46 1
光合势 Photosynthetic potential (PP) 0.65 0.45* 0.23 1
总生物量 Biomass (B) -0.55 0.42 0.35 0.18 1
穗长 Ear length (EL) -0.20 0.62 0.35 0.12 0.21 1
穗粗 Ear diameter (ED) -0.55 0.56 0.55* 0.43 0.10 0.52** 1
行粒数 Grain number per row (GNR) -0.76** 0.63 0.52* 0.31 0.14 0.82** 0.68** 1
败育率 Abortive rate (AR) 0.89** -0.87** 0.58* -0.44 -0.59** -0.41* -0.53** -0.44* 1
穗粒数 Grain number per ear (GNE) 0.74* 0.45* 0.39* 0.37* 0.51* 0.39** 0.37* 0.53** -0.72** 1
百粒重 Hundred seeds weight (HSW) -0.96** 0.82** 0.619** 0.64** 0.57** 0.33* 0.28 0.32* -0.77** 0.44** 1
产量 Yield (Y) -0.89** 0.83** 0.387 0.53* 0.48 0.38 0.60* 0.55* -0.79** 0.72** 0.88** 1

表3

花期前后干旱胁迫条件下2021年的产量及其穗部性状、开花吐丝间隔期、库容、光合气体交换参数的相关分析"

ASI GS NPR ICC LAI PP B EL ED GNR AR GPE HSW Y
开花吐丝间隔 Anthesis-silking interval (ASI) 1
库容 Grain storage (GS) -0.42 1
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (NPR) 0.73 -0.49* 1
胞间CO2浓度 Intercellular CO2 concentration (ICC) 0.82 -0.64* -0.68* 1
叶面积指数 Leaf area index (LAI) 0.89** 0.634 0.80* -0.82 1
光合势 Photosynthetic potential (PP) 0.90** 0.84** 0.754* -0.85** 0..88** 1
总生物量 Biomass (B) -0.84 0.70 0.91** -0.87** 0.90** 0.86** 1
穗长 Ear length (EL) -0.84* 0.34 0.88** -0.57 0.80* 0.73* 0.87** 1
穗粗 Ear diameter (ED) -0.40 0.26 0.65* -0.50 0.67 0.47 0.71* 0.54* 1
行粒数 Grain number per row (GNR) -0.78** 0.66** 0.68* -0.61 0.857* 0.77* 0.77 0.66** 0.57* 1
败育率 Abortive rate (AR) 0.89** -0.63** -0.84** 0.73* -0.83* -0.83** -0.89** -0.71** -0.41 -0.64** 1
穗粒数 Grain number per ear (GPE) -0.87** 0.66** 0.82** -0.78** 0.85** 0.87** 0.86** 0.68** 0.49* 0.69** -0.87** 1
百粒重 Hundred seeds weight (HSW) -0.78* 0.68** 0.80** -0.65* 0.819** 0.86** 0.96** 0.60** 0.57* 0.77** -0.76** 0.72** 1
产量 Yield (Y) -0.90* 0.70* 0.84** -0.93** 0.939** 0.94** 0.96** 0.81** 0.66* 0.86** -0.85** 0.91** 0.92** 1
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