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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1678-1689.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21039

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞光合特性、产量及硒积累效应的影响

雷新慧1,**(), 冷佳俊1,**(), 陶金才1, 万晨茜1, 吴怡欣1, 王家乐1, 王鹏科1, 冯佰利1, 王孟2, 高金锋1,*()   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学农学院/旱区作物逆境生理学国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
    2榆林市农业科学研究院, 陕西榆林 719000
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-01 接受日期:2022-10-10 出版日期:2023-06-12 网络出版日期:2022-10-19
  • 通讯作者: *高金锋, E-mail: gaojf7604@126.com
  • 作者简介:雷新慧, E-mail: 1623780347@qq.com;
    冷佳俊, E-mail: 296791875@qq.com第一联系人：**同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000805-03);国家自然科学基金项目(31671631);陕西科技重点研发计划项目(2022NY-178);陕西省小杂粮产业技术体系项目(NYKJ-2021-YL(XN)40)

Effects of foliar spraying selenium on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and selenium accumulation of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.)

LEI Xin-Hui1,**(), LENG Jia-Jun1,**(), TAO Jin-Cai1, WAN Chen-Xi1, WU Yi-Xin1, WANG Jia-Le1, WANG Peng-Ke1, FENG Bai-Li1, WANG Meng2, GAO Jin-Feng1,*()   

  1. 1Agricultural College of Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Physiology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2022-06-01 Accepted:2022-10-10 Published:2023-06-12 Published online:2022-10-19
  • Contact: *E-mail: gaojf7604@126.com
  • About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000805-03);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671631);Science and Technology Key Research & Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2022NY-178);Technical System of Minor Cereals Industry in Shaanxi Province(NYKJ-2021-YL(XN)40)

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摘要：

膳食补硒是人类摄入硒的主要途径, 通过硒生物强化技术能有效提高作物硒含量。本研究以甜荞品种西农9976为试验材料, 亚硒酸钠为硒源, 采用大田试验, 设置纯硒施用量0 (Se0)、5 (Se5)和20 g hm-2 (Se20) 3个水平。于2020—2021年连续两个作物生长季, 研究不同外源硒浓度下甜荞光合特性、干物质积累与转运、农艺性状及产量的变化规律及其对各器官硒含量、硒转运因子及籽粒硒利用率的影响。结果表明, 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠使甜荞叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)较对照平均增加13.12%、11.50%、5.48%、5.95%和5.77%, 改善了叶片光合物质生产能力; 喷硒处理显著增加甜荞叶片光系统II的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)及光化学淬灭系数(qp), 降低非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ), 使其增强对光能的捕获及转化能力, 减少无效光能损失, 提高对高光的利用能力。两个施硒量下, 甜荞茎部和叶部的干物质积累量较Se0处理显著上升而分配比例显著下降; 籽粒的干物质积累量和分配比例均得到提高; 茎部和叶部的干物质转运量、移动率和对籽粒的贡献率分别在Se5和Se20浓度下出现最大值。喷硒处理使甜荞千粒重、单株粒数和产量较对照分别提高3.1%~11.3%、13.5%~32.0%和4.9%~23.2%。甜荞各部位硒含量和转运因子在Se20处理下出现最大值, 而籽粒硒的利用率在Se5处理下较高。综上所述, 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠能改善甜荞光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数, 增加各器官干物质积累量, 并促进干物质向籽粒转运, 从而提高甜荞籽粒产量。此外, 叶面喷硒后甜荞各部位硒含量显著提高, Se5处理下荞麦籽粒硒利用率最高, 且籽粒硒含量符合国家谷物富硒标准, 适合于黄土高原地区推广使用。

关键词: 甜荞, 亚硒酸钠, 光合特性, 叶绿素荧光, 产量, 硒含量

Abstract:

Dietary selenium supplementation is the main way for people to take in selenium. Selenium bioaugmentation technology can effectively improve the selenium content of crops. In this study, the material was common buckwheat variety Xinong 9976, and sodium selenite was used as the selenium source. The application rates of pure selenium in the field were 0 (Se0), 5 (Se5), and 20 g hm-2 (Se20), respectively. The changes of photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and transport, agronomic traits, and yield of common buckwheat were explored during two consecutive crop growing seasons from 2020 to 2021, and the effects of selenium content in organs, selenium transport factors and selenium utilization rate in grains of common buckwheat under different exogenous selenium concentrations were analyzed. The results showed that foliar spraying sodium selenite could improve the photosynthetic substance production capacity of common buckwheat leaves, and the chlorophyll content (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) of leaves increased by 13.12%, 11.50%, 5.48%, 5.95%, and 5.77% on average compared with the control. Selenium spraying significantly increased the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qp) of buckwheat leaf photosystem II, decreased the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), enhanced the ability of capturing and transforming light energy, reduced the loss of ineffective light energy, and improved the utilization ability of high light. Under two different selenium application rates, the dry matter accumulation of stem and leaf of Fagopyrum esculentum was significantly higher than that of Se0 treatment, but the distribution ratio was significantly lower. The dry matter accumulation and dry matter distribution ratio of grain were improved. The dry matter transport capacity, migration rate, and contribution rate of stem and leaf to grain reached the maximum at Se5 and Se20 concentrations, respectively. Selenium spraying increased the number of 1000-grain weight, grain number per plant, and yield by 3.1%-11.3%, 13.5%-32.0%, and 4.9%-23.2% compared with the control, respectively. The selenium content and transport factors in different parts of common buckwheat reached the maximum under Se20, while the utilization rate of selenium in grain was higher under Se5. In conclusion, foliar spraying of sodium selenite can improve photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of common buckwheat, increase the accumulation of dry matter in various organs, and promote the transport of dry matter to grains, thus increasing the grain yield of common buckwheat. In addition, the selenium content in all parts of common buckwheat was significantly increased after foliar spraying with selenium, and the selenium utilization rate of grain was the highest under Se5 treatment, and the selenium content of grain met the national grain selenium-enriched standard, which was suitable for popularization and application in Loess Plateau area.

Key words: common buckwheat, sodium selenite, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, yield, selenium content

图1

叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞叶绿素相对含量的影响 图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。Se0代表喷施浓度为0 g hm-2, Se5代表喷施浓度为5 g hm-2, Se20代表喷施浓度为20 g hm-2。"

图2

叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞气体交换参数的影响 A: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞净光合速率的影响; B: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞胞间CO2浓度的影响; C: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞蒸腾速率的影响; D: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞水分利用效率的影响。图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同图1。"

图3

喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞叶绿素荧光参数的影响 A: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对PSII最大光化学效率的影响; B: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对PSII实际光化学效率的影响; C: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对PSII非光化学淬灭系数的影响; D: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对PSII光化学淬灭系数的影响。图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同图1。"

表1

喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞不同器官干物质动态积累的影响"

年份
Years		 器官
Organ		 处理
Treatment		 处理后天数Days after treatment 成熟期
Maturity stage
10 d 20 d 30 d
2020 根Root Se0 0.755±0.034 a 0.910±0.027 a 1.370±0.041 a 1.529±0.071 a
Se5 0.765±0.021 a 0.925±0.021 a 1.365±0.049 a 1.530±0.057 a
Se20 0.765±0.027 a 0.926±0.028 a 1.354±0.035 a 1.490±0.028 a
茎Stem Se0 7.946±0.205 b 13.510±0.250 c 16.640±0.337 c 15.497±0.374 a
Se5 11.649±0.448 a 14.421±0.161 b 17.527±0.177 b 15.369±0.234 a
Se20 12.411±0.424 a 15.378±0.239 a 18.438±0.213 a 15.559±0.177 a
叶Leaf Se0 3.863±0.097 b 4.635±0.138 b 3.413±0.042 b 1.374±0.083 a
Se5 4.302±0.082 a 5.973±0.198 a 3.800±0.058 a 1.401±0.023 a
Se20 4.518±0.114 a 5.580±0.152 a 3.323±0.141 b 1.379±0.033 a
籽粒Grain Se0 0.677±0.065 c 1.295±0.057 c 4.142±0.063 c 5.205±0.144 c
Se5 1.586±0.073 a 3.391±0.024 a 4.681±0.071 b 5.691±0.098 b
Se20 1.245±0.069 b 2.274±0.049 b 5.078±0.065 a 6.116±0.076 a
2021 根Root Se0 0.520±0.183 a 0.828±0.014 a 1.161±0.066 a 1.478±0.149 a
Se5 0.676±0.078 a 0.833±0.031 a 1.234±0.113 a 1.419±0.050 a
Se20 0.620±0.061 a 0.834±0.012 a 1.137±0.159 a 1.451±0.033 a
茎Stem Se0 5.208±0.183 c 7.575±0.130 c 12.276±0.210 c 10.216±0.153 a
Se5 6.766±0.145 b 8.560±0.128 b 13.817±0.101 b 10.355±0.172 a
Se20 7.792±0.132 a 9.162±0.096 a 14.440±0.106 a 10.398±0.095 a
叶Leaf Se0 3.672±0.120 c 4.097±0.005 b 3.127±0.143 b 1.483±0.054 a
Se5 4.231±0.146 b 5.663±0.155 a 3.747±0.078 a 1.482±0.077 a
Se20 4.705±0.061 a 5.300±0.255 a 3.482±0.142 ab 1.437±0.043 a
籽粒Grain Se0 0.711±0.033 c 1.672±0.098 b 4.044±0.109 c 5.205±0.089 c
Se5 1.393±0.055 a 2.761±0.071 a 4.770±0.097 b 5.886±0.109 b
Se20 0.959±0.033 b 2.536±0.068 a 5.190±0.030 a 6.290±0.041 a

图4

喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞根(A)、茎(B)、叶(C)和籽粒(D)干物质分配比例的影响 图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

图5

喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞干物质转运量(A)、贡献率(B)和移动率(C)的影响 图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同图1。"

图6

喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞农艺性状、产量及产量构成因素的影响 A: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对株高和茎粗的影响; B: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对节数和主茎分枝的影响; C: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对花簇数和单株粒重的影响; D: 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对千粒重和产量的影响。图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同图1。"

表2

叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞各个部位硒含量的影响"

年份Year 处理
Treatment		 硒含量Se Concentration (mg kg-1) 转运因子Transport factor 籽粒硒的利用率Seeds Se use efficiency (%)
根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 籽粒
Glume
2020 Se0 0.043±0.003 b 0.016±0.003 c 0.047±0.002 c 0.036±0.004 c 0.81±0.008 b —
Se5 0.072±0.004 b 0.087±0.005 b 0.172±0.004 b 0.188±0.002 b 1.09±0.038 a 3.04 a
Se20 0.413±0.031 a 0.200±0.005 a 0.361±0.015 a 0.404±0.006 a 1.12±0.021 a 1.84 b
2021 Se0 0.058±0.006 c 0.021±0.006 c 0.065±0.005 c 0.053±0.002 c 0.83±0.090 b —
Se5 0.116±0.019 b 0.098±0.006 b 0.205±0.007 b 0.212±0.002 b 1.03±0.027 a 3.18 a
Se20 0.404±0.014 a 0.224±0.011 a 0.393±0.014 a 0.435±0.002 a 1.11±0.022 a 1.91 b
变异来源 Variation source
年份Year (Y) NS ** ** ** NS **
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** **
年份×处理Y×T NS NS NS ** NS **
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