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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 1038-1049.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84114

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of oil components and its relationship with domestication of oil components in wild and cultivated soybean accessions

CHEN Ying,ZHANG Sheng-Rui,WANG Lan,WANG Lian-Zheng,LI Bin(),SUN Jun-Ming()   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding / Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-08-24 Accepted:2019-01-19 Online:2019-07-12 Published:2019-03-11
  • Contact: Bin LI,Jun-Ming SUN E-mail:libin02@caas.cn;sunjunming@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National of Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100201);the Beijing Science and Technology Project(Z16110000916005);the Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

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Abstract:

In this study, 58 soybean accessions composed of wild, semi-wild and cultivated soybean were used to analyze the oil and fatty acid contents by the NIRs and GC methods. Their genetic diversity and domestication were also analyzed based on 32 pairs of SSR markers. There was a significant difference in oil content and fatty acid compositions between wild and cultivated soybeans. The oil content of cultivated soybean (an average of 20.8%) was significantly higher than that of wild soybean (an average of 10.49%). As regards fatty acid compositions, the content of oleic acid in cultivated soybean (an average of 28.5%) was significantly higher than that of wild soybean (an average of 14.37%), on the contrary, the content of linolenic acid was lower. In cultivated soybean, the oil content positively correlated with oleic acid content (r = 0.85 **), and negatively correlated with other fatty acids. Moreover, the oleic acid content had a negative correlation with all other fatty acids, especially, with linoleic acid (r = -0.90 **) and linolenic acid (r = -0.89 **). Similar clustering results were observed in the clustering and principal component analysis based on oil compositions and SSR molecular markers showing that the soybean accessions were clustered into two main subgroups of wild and cultivated soybean, and semi-wild soybean distributed into both subgroups. Therefore, we suggest that contents of oil and fatty acid compositions are related with the domestication level in soybean, and may be used as a reference index for the evolutionary classification in soybean.

Key words: Glycine soja, Glycine gracilis, Glycine max, oil content, fatty acid components

Table 1

List of 58 soybean accessions used in this study"

编号
Number		 材料
Accession		 类型
Category		 编号
Number		 材料
Accession		 类型
Category
W1 ZYD2854 野生Wild SW2 ZYD00411 半野生Semi-wild
W2 G. soja N19/2006 野生Wild SW3 ZYD3612 半野生Semi-wild
W3 KT156 野生Wild SW4 ZYD00844 半野生Semi-wild
W4 ZYD00004 野生Wild SW5 ZYD0001 半野生Semi-wild
W5 ZYD2784 野生Wild SW6 ZYD00404 半野生Semi-wild
W6 ZYD1896 野生Wild SW7 F0554 半野生Semi-wild
W7 ZYD3880 野生Wild C1 晋豆39 Jindou 39 栽培Cultivated
W8 ZYD3891 野生Wild C2 中黄13 Zhonghuang 13 栽培Cultivated
W9 ZYD01694 野生Wild C3 黑科56 Heike 56 栽培Cultivated
W10 ZYD3263 野生Wild C4 东大2号 Dongda 2 栽培Cultivated
W11 G. soja N4/2006 野生Wild C5 黑河51 Heihe 51 栽培Cultivated
W12 ZYD4 野生Wild C6 冀豆12 Jidou 12 栽培Cultivated
W13 G. soja N15/2006 野生Wild C7 周豆23 Zhoudou 23 栽培Cultivated
W14 G. soja N16/2006 野生Wild C8 中黄35 Zhonghuang 35 栽培Cultivated
W15 ZYD00412 野生Wild C9 黑河44 Heihe 44 栽培Cultivated
W16 BY019 野生Wild C10 黑河33 Heihe 33 栽培Cultivated
W17 G. soja N8/2006 野生Wild C11 吉蜜豆2号Jimidou 2 栽培Cultivated
W18 G. soja N7/2006 野生Wild C12 吉育204 Jiyu 204 栽培Cultivated
W19 G. soja N6/2006 野生Wild C13 长农16 Changnong 16 栽培Cultivated
W20 ZYD00851 野生Wild C14 哈11-2541 Ha 11-2541 栽培Cultivated
W21 ZYD00410 野生Wild C15 哈12-4891 Ha 12-4891 栽培Cultivated
W22 ZYD00838 野生Wild C16 合丰50 Hefeng 50 栽培Cultivated
W23 ZYD2512 野生Wild C17 徐豆14 Xudou 14 栽培Cultivated
W24 ZYD3767 野生Wild C18 徐豆9 Xudou 9 栽培Cultivated
W25 ZYD2784 野生Wild C19 铁豆29 Tiedou 29 栽培Cultivated
W26 ZYD00033 野生Wild C20 科丰14 Kefeng 14 栽培Cultivated
W27 G. soja N17/2006 野生Wild C21 吉蜜豆3号 Jimidou 3 栽培Cultivated
W28 ZYD00404 野生Wild C22 铁豆40 Tiedou 40 栽培Cultivated
W29 F0011 野生Wild C23 冀黄13 Jihuang 13 栽培Cultivated
SW1 ZYD1834 半野生Semi-wild C24 烟黄3号 Yanhuang 3 栽培Cultivated

Table 2

Analysis of variation for oil and fatty acid compositions in 58 soybean accessions"

脂肪性状
Fatty trait (%)		 平均值
Mean		 最小值
Min		 最大值
Max		 变异范围
Range		 变异系数
CV (%)		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosist		 差异显著性
P-value
棕榈酸 PA 12.39 9.97 15.99 6.02 9.66 0.52 0.54 < 0.0001
硬脂酸 SA 3.94 2.74 7.92 5.18 19.67 2.43 11.19 < 0.0001
油酸 OA 21.51 11.00 39.62 28.62 38.16 0.38 -1.02 < 0.0001
亚油酸 LA 53.88 39.86 60.51 20.65 8.59 -0.91 0.46 < 0.0001
亚麻酸 LNA 8.28 3.45 15.97 12.52 42.82 0.42 -1.07 < 0.0001
饱和脂肪酸 Saturated 16.33 13.09 22.91 9.82 10.23 1.22 3.41 < 0.0001
不饱和脂肪酸 Unsaturated 83.67 77.09 86.91 9.82 2.00 -1.22 3.41 < 0.0001
脂肪 Oil 15.39 6.97 24.71 17.74 34.64 -0.01 -1.38 < 0.0001

Fig. 1

Frequency distributions of oil compositions among 58 soybean accessions Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 2

ANOVA of oil compositions among wild, semi-wild and cultivated soybean accessions according to the morphological classification W, SW, and C represent wild soybean (Glycine soja), semi-wild soybean (Glycine gracilis), and cultivated soybean (Glycine max), respectively. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 3

Pearson’s correlation coefficients between oil and fatty acid contents in 58 soybean accessions * and ** represent the significant level at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. The larger the circle, the stronger the correlation, the smaller the circle, the weaker. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 4

Clustering analysis based on the oil compositions in 58 soybean accessions The red branches represent wild soybean, the green branches represent semi-wild soybean, and the blue branches represent cultivated soybean in the clustering results."

Fig. 5

Principal component analysis based on the oil compositions in 58 soybean accessions PC1-PC3 represent the first three principal components based on the oil and five fatty acid contents. The red circles, green triangles, and blue squares represent wild, semi-wild, and cultivated soybean accessions, respectively."

Table 3

Genetic diversity parameters of SSR markers across 58 soybean accessions"

引物
Primer		 连锁群
Linkage group		 染色体
Chr.		 等位基因数目
Allele number		 基因多样性
Gene diversity		 多态性信息含量
PIC
Satt 236 A1 5 10 0.85 0.83
Satt 300 A1 5 13 0.86 0.85
Satt 390 A2 8 5 0.73 0.69
Satt 409 A2 8 14 0.88 0.86
Satt 197 B1 11 14 0.84 0.83
Satt 556 B2 14 15 0.85 0.83
Satt 281 C2 6 18 0.91 0.90
Satt 286 C2 6 13 0.84 0.82
Satt 307 C2 6 8 0.65 0.62
Satt 184 D1a 1 6 0.63 0.59
Satt 267 D1a 1 10 0.71 0.68
Satt 005 D1b 2 17 0.83 0.82
Satt 157 D1b 2 13 0.85 0.84
Satt 216 D1b 2 16 0.79 0.78
Satt 230 E 15 7 0.62 0.58
Satt 146 F 13 13 0.80 0.78
Satt 334 F 13 8 0.77 0.75
引物
Primer		 连锁群
Linkage group		 染色体
Chr.		 等位基因数目
Allele number		 基因多样性
Gene diversity		 多态性信息含量
PIC
Satt 586 F 13 11 0.83 0.81
Satt 309 G 18 6 0.73 0.69
Satt 442 H 12 8 0.61 0.53
Satt 239 I 20 12 0.87 0.85
Satt 571 I 20 8 0.79 0.76
Sct 189 I 20 12 0.83 0.81
Satt 431 J 16 15 0.89 0.89
Satt 596 J 16 10 0.86 0.84
Satt 242 K 9 11 0.87 0.86
Satt 588 K 9 11 0.80 0.78
Satt 373 L 19 12 0.80 0.79
Satt 308 M 7 13 0.85 0.84
Satt 346 M 7 9 0.73 0.69
Satt 590 M 7 18 0.91 0.90
Satt 530 N 3 12 0.82 0.80
平均Mean — — 11.5 0.80 0.78

Fig. 6

NJ dendrogram of 58 soybean accessions based on 32 SSR markers The red, green, and blue branches represent the wild, semi-wild, and cultivated soybean accessions, respectively; CI and CII indicate two major subgroups, G1 and G2 represent typical wild soybean (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean (Glycine max) with distant genetic relationships and obvious morphological differences in clustering results."

Fig. 7

Principal component analysis of 58 soybean accessions based on 32 SSR genetic markers PC1a-PC3a represent the first three principal components based on the 32 pairs of SSR markers. The red circle, green triangle, and blue square represent wild, semi-wild and cultivated soybean accessions, respectively."

Fig. 8

ANOVA analysis of oil compositions between wild and cultivated soybean accessions based on the result of NJ dendrogram W and C represent wild soybean (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean (Glycine max), respectively. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

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