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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 2351-2365.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14145

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Differential response of different Radix pseudostellariae cultivars to continuous cropping stress and its intraspecific intercropping effects

LIN Zhi-Min1(), QIN Xian-Jin2, WU Hong-Miao1, PANG Zi-Qin2, LIN Wen-Xiong1,2,*()   

  1. 1. College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
    2. College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
  • Received:2021-08-14 Accepted:2022-01-05 Online:2022-09-12 Published:2022-07-15
  • Contact: LIN Wen-Xiong E-mail:zhimin0591@qq.com;wenxiong181@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China “Study on the Damage Mechanism of Soil Fusarium Virus on Continuous Cropping of Radix Pseudostellariae”(82003884);National Key Research and Development Plant-the Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Key Project “Key Technologies for Ecological Control and Alleviation of Crop Continuous Cropping Obstacle”(2017YFE0121800)

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Abstract:

It is an important pathway to promote the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture to explore the environment-friendly technology to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of medicinal plants. In this study, ISSR molecular marker technique was used to identify 8 cultivars of R. pseudostellariae from different authentic production areas in China, which proved to have obvious molecular polymorphism. Those identified cultivars were then used as experimental materials. High pressure gas chromatography (HPLC), high-through sequencing (HTS), Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and crop physiology technology were used to explore the environmental adaptability of the medicinal plant varieties and their response to continuous cropping in the main producing area of R. pseudostellariae in Zherong, Fujian province during 2017-2019. Based on the results, two representative varieties of R. pseudostellariae were selected for intraspecific intercropping practice to study the effects of intraspecific intercropping on the growth of consecutive cropping R. pseudostellariae and its underlying mechanism of microbial flora in the rhizosphere soil. The results showed that the growth performance of these varieties was different grown in authentic production area of R. Pseudostellariae in Zherong, Fujian province. Three cultivars, such as Zhengshen 1 (ZSⅠ), Kangbing 1 (KB), and Qiantaizishen 1 (QT) had the highest medicinal yield, the reverse was true in the case of Jiangsujurong (JR) and Xuanshen 1 (XS) cultivars in newly cropping condition. Compared with that of the newly planted, the fresh weight of plant height, root length, and maximum root circumference and aboveground and underground parts decreased significantly at the seedling stage, respectively, thus resulting in shortened root tuber, decreasing single root tuber weight at the mature stage, which was considered as the main reasons for the significant decrease in the yield of R. pseudostellariae after monoculture for two years. In terms of medicinal quality, in the comparison with those of the newly planted, R. pseudostellariae, the contents of main active components, such as total polysaccharides and heterophyllin B were decreased significantly, the reverse was true in the contents of total saponins in all used cultivars after monoculture for two years, of which ZSⅡcultivar stood out in the case. The results also suggested that it was the best way to alleviate the replanting diseases, consequently increased the medicinal yield and quality using a rotation mode with nonlocal cultivars or an intraspecific intercropping pattern by different cultivars. Further analysis showed that the intraspecific intercropping facilitation resulted from the improvement of rhizosphere soil microbial diversity in the cropping system, that is, it could significantly decrease pathogens such as Fusarium, oxysporum and increase beneficial bacteria such as Pseudomonas. spp, thus, improving the microbial structure and its functional diversity in rhizosphere soil under the intercropping system. Therefore, it is the key to realize the sustainable development of TCM agriculture to excavate the potential synergistic effect of intraspecific intercropping with multiple varieties of medicinal plants and construct the corresponding cultivation techniques in the cropping system.

Key words: Radix pseudostellariae, consecutive monoculture problems, intraspecific intercropping, rhizosphere microorganisms

Fig. 1

ISSR molecular markers analysis of different cultivars in R. pseudostellariae The red arrows represent polymorphic bands. QT: Qiantaizishen 1; XS: Xuanshen 1; KB: Kangbing 1; ZS I: Zheshen 1; ZS II: Zheshen 2; ST: Shitai 1; JR: Jiangsujurong; KD: Kangdu 1."

Fig. 2

Cluster dendrogram by ISSR molecular polymorphism similarity coefficients QT: Qiantaizishen 1; XS: Xuanshen 1; KB: Kangbing 1; ZS I: Zheshen 1; ZS II: Zheshen 2; ST: Shitai 1; JR: Jiangsujurong; KD: Kangdu 1."

Fig. 3

Fresh weight of whole plant (a), aboveground part (b), underground part (c), and root-shoot ratio (d) of different cultivars of R. pseudostellariae at seedling stage under continuous cropping system *, **, and *** indicate significant differences between two cultivation methods in different cultivars at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively. QT: Qiantaizishen 1; XS: Xuanshen 1; KB: Kangbing 1; ZS I: Zheshen 1; ZS II: Zheshen 2; ST: Shitai 1; JR: Jiangsujurong; KD: Kangdu 1."

Fig. 4

Fresh weight of whole plant (a), aboveground part (b), underground part (c), and root-shoot ratio (d) of different cultivars of R. pseudostellariae at the tuberous expanding stage under continuous cropping system *, **, and *** indicate significant differences between two cultivation methods in different cultivars at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively. QT: Qiantaizishen 1; XS: Xuanshen 1; KB: Kangbing 1; ZS I: Zheshen 1; ZS II: Zheshen 2; ST: Shitai 1; JR: Jiangsujurong; KD: Kangdu 1."

Fig. 5

Tuberous root length (a), single fresh weight (b), and maximum root diameter (c) of different cultivars of R. pseudostellariae at harvest time under continuous cropping system *, **, and *** indicate significant differences between two cultivation methods in different cultivars at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively. QT: Qiantaizishen 1; XS: Xuanshen 1; KB: Kangbing 1; ZS I: Zheshen 1; ZS II: Zheshen 2; ST: Shitai 1; JR: Jiangsujurong; KD: Kangdu 1."

Fig. 6

Tuberous roots of different cultivars of R. pseudostellariae at harvest time under continuous cropping system QT: Qiantaizishen 1; XS: Xuanshen 1; KB: Kangbing 1; ZS I: Zheshen 1; ZS II: Zheshen 2; ST: Shitai 1; JR: Jiangsujurong; KD: Kangdu 1; NP: the newly planted R. pseudostellariae, SP: the second year planted R. pseudostellariae."

Fig. 7

Comparison of fresh weight per unit of different cultivars R. pseudostellariae under continuous cropping system *, **, *** indicate significant differences between two cultivation methods in different cultivars at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability level, respectively. QT: Qiantaizishen 1; XS: Xuanshen 1; KB: Kangbing 1; ZS I: Zheshen 1; ZS II: Zheshen 2; ST: Shitai 1; JR: Jiangsujurong; KD: Kangdu 1."

Fig. 8

Comparison of total polysaccharide between newly planted and consecutive cropping R. pseudostellariae *, **, and *** indicate significant differences between two cultivation methods in different cultivars at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively. QT: Qiantaizishen 1; XS: Xuanshen 1; KB: Kangbing 1; ZS I: Zheshen 1; ZS II: Zheshen 2; ST: Shitai 1; JR: Jiangsujurong; KD: Kangdu 1."

Fig. 9

Comparison of total saponins between newly planted and consecutive cropping R. pseudostellariae *, **, and *** indicate significant differences between two cultivation methods in different cultivars at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively. QT: Qiantaizishen 1; XS: Xuanshen 1; KB: Kangbing 1; ZS I: Zheshen 1; ZS II: Zheshen 2; ST: Shitai 1; JR: Jiangsujurong; KD: Kangdu 1."

Fig. 10

Comparison of heterophyllin B between newly planted and consecutive cropping R. pseudostellariae *, **, and *** indicate significant differences between two cultivation methods in different cultivars at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively. QT: Qiantaizishen 1; XS: Xuanshen 1; KB: Kangbing 1; ZS I: Zheshen 1; ZS II: Zheshen 2; ST: Shitai 1; JR: Jiangsujurong; KD: Kangdu 1."

Fig. 11

Effect of intraspecific intercropping on the yield of continuously monocultured R. pseudostellaria FYF: newly planted Fujian Zheshen 2 cultivar; FYG: newly planted Guizhou Shitai 1 cultivar; SYF: continuously monocultured Fujian Zheshen 2 cultivar; SYG: continuously monocultured Guizhou Shitai 1 cultivar; SYIF: continuously intraspecific intercropped Fujian Zheshen 2 cultivar; SYIG: continuously intraspecific intercropped Guizhou Shitai 1 cultivar. Bars superscripted by different lowercase letters are significantly different at P < 0.05."

Table 1

Effects of intraspecific intercropping on alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere soil of R. pseudostellariae under different consecutive-cropping cultivation systems"

处理
Treatment		 细菌多样性指数 真菌多样性指数
Shannon Chao1 Shannon Chao1
对照 CK 9.99±0.04 a 2540.25±90.37 ab 5.67±0.21 bc 431.00±19.16 b
正茬柘参2号 FYF 9.63±0.34 b 2538.21±164.66 ab 5.40±0.31 d 353.52±26.36 c
正茬施太1号 FYG 9.60±0.15 bc 2268.15±49.64 c 5.46±0.35 cd 454.37±12.57 b
间作柘参2号 SYIF 9.32±0.08 cd 2390.62±133.77 bc 5.39±0.19 d 441.11±48.65 b
间作施太1号 SYIG 9.36±0.01 bcd 2618.38±116.20 a 6.08±0.17 a 470.32±38.79 b
重茬柘参1号 SYF 9.13±0.04 d 2526.46±78.79 ab 5.73±0.19 b 544.75±84.93 a
重茬施太1号 SYG 8.36±0.11 e 2043.52±57.85 d 5.80±0.19 b 409.19±49.76 bc

Fig. 12

Effects of intraspecific intercropping on the relative abundances of microbial genera (A: bacteria; B: fungi) in rhizosphere soil of R. pseudostellariae Comparisons were performed based on the 100 most abundant microbial genera, using LSD-test and P < 0.05 as the threshold of significance. In all of the graphs, positive log2 (Fold Change) values were associated with genera that were significantly more abundant in the intercropping samples (SYIF and SYIG) as compared to the consecutive monoculture samples (SYF and SYG)."

Fig. 13

Changes in abundance of Fusarium oxysporum, Pseudomonas, and Burkholderia in the rhizosphere of Pseudopseudostellarise under different treatments SYIGB is the intercropping Shitai 1 diseased plant, and other abbreviations are the same as in Fig. 11. Bars superscripted by different lowercase letters are significantly different at P < 0.05."

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