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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 3063-3073.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34051

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of magnesium application rate on yield and quality in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

YE Xiao-Lei1(), GENG Guo-Tao1, XIAO Guo-Bin2, LYU Wei-Sheng2, REN Tao1, LU Zhi-Feng1,*(), LU Jian-Wei1   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 331717, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2023-03-10 Accepted:2023-05-24 Online:2023-11-12 Published:2023-06-14
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272820);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-12);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662021ZHQD002);International Magnesium Institute(IMI2018-02)

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Abstract:

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is one of the most serious problems in the main producing area of rapeseed in China. To evaluate the effectiveness of Mg fertilizer on seed yield and quality, field experiments were conducted at Jinxian, Jiangxi province and Anren, Hunan province during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 cropping seasons, with five Mg application rates (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 kg MgO hm-2). Rapeseed yield and its components, seed Mg content, oil content, and fatty acid components were analyzed. The results showed that Mg application increased rapeseed yield by 12.0%-77.1%. Mg application rate for maximal seed yield was 21.4-45.6 kg MgO hm-2. Mg fertilizer increased the number of pods, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-weight by 5.0%-64.7%, 1.8%-19.6%, and 7.1%-8.7%, respectively, which had no significant effect on harvest density. After the application of Mg fertilizer, seed Mg concentration increased by 5.0%-30.3%, and the oil content increased by 0.63%-5.11%, but protein content reduced by 1.45%-2.34%. Seed water and glucosinolate concentration were independent of Mg nutrition. Mg application increased oil yield and protein yield per unit area by 14.4%-83.4% and 9.8%-68.1%, respectively. The amount of Mg fertilizer corresponding to the highest oil production was 30-45 MgO hm-2. As for fatty acid composition, Mg application increased the content of oleic acid and linolenic acid in seeds by 4.4%-16.0% and 3.8%-40.8%, respectively, but decreased the content of linoleic acid by 1.2%-10.1%, which had a non-significant effect on other fatty acid components. In conclusion, Mg application was crucial to the synergistic improvement of yield and quality by improving seed yield and its components (the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per pod, and 1000-grain weight), seed oil content, and the unsaturated fatty acid content. The amount of Mg fertilizer corresponding to the highest yield and oil production was 30-45 MgO hm-2.

Key words: magnesium fertilizer, rapeseed, yield composition, fatty acid composition, magnesium content

Table 1

Physical and chemical properties of the top soil (0-20 cm) of the experiment fields"

年份
Year		 地点
Experimental site		 pH 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)		 有效镁Available Mg
(mg kg-1)
2020-2021 江西进贤 Jinxian, Jiangxi 5.13 23.1 2.13 14.6 246.6 83.8
湖南安仁 Anren, Hunan 5.41 8.4 0.71 11.6 99.9 23.8
2021-2022 江西进贤 Jinxian, Jiangxi 4.96 22.2 1.29 38.7 195.0 93.2
湖南安仁 Anren, Hunan 5.06 29.5 1.65 11.6 71.0 73.5

Fig. 1

Effect of magnesium fertilizer on yield in oilseed rape Different lowercase letters in the same site indicate that there are significant differences among different magnesium fertilizer treatments at P < 0.05."

Table 2

Effects of magnesium fertilizer on yield components in oilseed rape"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Experimental site		 镁肥用量
Magnesium
application rate
(kg hm-2)		 产量构成因子 Yield composition
收获密度
Harvest density
(plants m-2)		 单株角果数
Pod number		 每角粒数
Seed per pod		 千粒重
1000-seed weight
(g)
2020-2021 进贤Jinxian 0 48.0±1.6 a 215±18 b 21.3±1.9 a 4.53±0.12 a
15 44.0±5.7 a 276±7 a 21.0±2.2 a 4.45±0.04 a
30 46.7±3.4 a 260±10 ab 20.7±2.5 a 4.56±0.10 a
45 47.0±5.1 a 296±52 a 21.0±0.8 a 4.46±0.04 a
60 48.3±3.3 a 312±12 a 19.3±3.4 a 4.41±0.02 a
安仁Anren 0 54.1±3.8 a 140±2 a 16.8±1.0 b 3.67±0.03 b
15 54.8±1.9 a 131±11 a 18.7±0.5 ab 3.99±0.09 a
30 48.1±1.6 a 140±25 a 17.1±1.2 b 3.95±0.07 a
45 47.0±6.1 a 151±23 a 17.5±2.3 ab 3.94±0.07 a
60 49.3±3.7 a 122±9 a 20.1±0.1 a 3.93±0.08 a
试验地点 Experimental site (S) * ** ** **
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ns ns ns ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns * ns ns
2021-2022 进贤Jinxian 0 39.5±1.0 a 103±6 c 24.3±0.4 a 4.40±0.31 a
15 38.7±2.3 a 120±8 bc 24.3±0.2 a 4.35±0.11 a
30 43.2±3.9 a 121±13 abc 24.3±0.4 a 4.23±0.21 a
45 38.1±4.3 a 140±3 a 24.4±0.2 a 4.37±0.13 a
60 41.1±5.2 a 124±9 ab 25.0±0.2 a 4.21±0.16 a
安仁Anren 0 41.2±2.3 a 119±3 c 17.6±0.2 a 4.64±0.11 a
15 42.1±0.7 a 125±10 c
 17.9±0.8 a 4.54±0.08 a
30 43.1±1.9 a 163±3 b 17.9±0.1 a 4.59±0.04 a
45 42.1±4.0 a 168±1 b 18.6±1.1 a 4.38±0.21 a
60 42.6±1.7 a 196±14 a 18.7±1.0 a 4.57±0.03 a
试验地点 Experimental site (S) * ** ** **
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ns ** ns ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns ** ns ns

Fig. 2

Effect of magnesium fertilizer on magnesium content in oilseed rape Different lowercase letters indicate that there are significant differences among different magnesium fertilizer treatments at P < 0.05. * and ** indicate there are significant difference in the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. ns: not significant difference."

Table 3

Effect of magnesium fertilizer on the content of main components in oilseed rape"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Experimental site		 镁肥施用量
Magnesium
application rate
(kg hm-2)		 含水率
Water content (%)		 含油率
Oil content
(%)		 蛋白质含量
Protein content (%)		 硫甙含量
Glucosinolate content
(μmol g-1)
2020-2021 进贤Jinxian 0 5.31±0.61 a 45.82±1.10 b 23.23±0.86 a 30.06±5.80 a
15 5.22±0.55 a 48.10±0.48 a 21.52±0.80 ab 29.99±10.78 a
30 5.69±0.27 a 48.64±0.52 a 21.81±0.82 ab 30.42±0.66 a
45 5.32±0.55 a 48.01±0.48 a 21.56±0.80 ab 29.89±3.87 a
60 5.48±0.27 a 48.75±0.79 a 21.17±0.65 b 30.33±4.95 a
安仁Anren 0 4.70±0.38 a 40.93±1.05 a 26.11±1.29 ab 24.15±10.46 a
15 5.01±0.12 a 41.75±1.08 a 27.71±0.76 a 25.03±9.26 a
30 4.50±0.10 a 41.80±0.62 a 26.64±0.47 ab 23.80±1.71 a
45 4.65±0.97 a 42.76±1.18 a 24.42±2.03 c 23.37±3.77 a
60 4.58±0.53 a 42.82±0.33 a 24.10±1.42 c 26.49±5.58 a
试验地点 Experimental site (S) ** ** ** ns
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ns ** * ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns ns ns ns
2021-2022 进贤Jinxian 0 5.65±0.23 a 48.24±0.16 b 23.54±0.30 a 32.91±9.80 a
15 5.55±0.28 a 48.88±0.21 ab 23.07±0.64 ab 31.00±11.71 a
30 5.36±0.23 a 50.07±0.99 a 22.88±0.80 ab 38.52±5.63 a
45 5.65±0.24 a 49.67±0.67 ab 22.09±0.04 b 27.97±6.47 a
60 5.45±0.55 a 48.87±0.75 ab 22.37±0.25 ab 24.85±10.26 a
安仁Anren 0 4.95±0.19 a 37.98±1.70 b 29.23±0.52 a 24.15±10.46 a
15 4.68±0.41 a 40.62±1.09 ab 29.41±0.54 a 22.39±11.26 a
30 4.68±0.25 a 42.48±1.27 a 27.99±0.67 ab 23.80±1.71 a
45 5.18±0.42 a 43.09±2.17 a 26.89±1.70 b 23.37±3.77 a
60 4.91±0.19 a 41.58±1.01 a 27.34±0.50 ab 26.49±5.58 a
试验地点 Experimental site (S) ** ** ** ns
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ns ** ** ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns ns ns ns

Table 4

Effect of magnesium fertilizer on fatty acid composition in rapeseed oil"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Experimental
site		 镁肥用量
Magnesium
application rate
(kg hm-2)		 不饱和脂肪酸
Unsaturated fatty acids		 饱和脂肪酸
Saturated fatty acids
油酸
Oleic acid content (%)		 亚油酸
Linoleic acid content (%)		 亚麻酸
Linolenic acid content (%)		 芥酸
Erucic acid content (%)		 硬脂酸
Stearic acid content (%)		 棕榈酸
Palmitic acid content (%)
2020-2021 进贤Jinxian 0 44.53±1.06 c 19.66±0.71 a 8.16±0.84 a 2.26±0.98 a 1.54±0.30 a 4.24±0.17 a
15 46.66±1.01 bc 18.36±0.49 ab 8.12±0.98 a 1.82±0.43 a 1.74±0.15 a 4.33±0.04 a
30 49.02±2.30 ab 17.40±1.22 ab 8.74±1.47 a 1.72±0.66 a 1.68±0.24 a 4.21±0.12 a
45 48.46±1.79 ab 17.20±1.29 b 9.46±1.31 a 1.86±0.21 a 1.72±0.14 a 4.49±0.09 a
60 51.67±1.45 a 17.67±0.87 ab 9.57±1.08 a 1.10±0.15 a 1.76±0.35 a 4.51±0.22 a
安仁Anren 0 56.80±0.41 b 21.24±0.73 a 5.66±0.10 b 1.87±0.79 a 2.69±0.31 a 4.67±0.17 a
15 55.19±2.44 b 20.98±0.78 ab 6.77±1.43 ab 2.07±0.85 a 2.68±0.15 a 4.68±0.22 a
30 55.39±1.17 b 20.17±0.11 ab 7.6±0.89 ab 1.82±0.83 a 2.87±0.28 a 4.87±0.19 a
45 60.30±2.86 ab 20.01±0.64 ab 7.63±0.24 ab 1.09±0.12 a 2.93±0.09 a 4.91±0.32 a
60 63.41±3.48 a 19.83±0.13 b 7.97±1.21 a 1.00±0.01 a 2.87±0.15 a 5.14±0.20 a
试验地点
Experimental site (S)		 ** ** ** ns ** **
镁肥用量
Magnesium application rate (Mg)		 ** * ns ns ns ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns ns ns ns ns ns
2021-2022 进贤Jinxian 0 55.01±1.51 b 18.00±0.59 a 9.51±0.05 a 2.05±1.15 ab 0.73±0.21 a 4.11±0.17 a
15 57.44±1.34 ab 16.69±0.45 a 9.70±0.62 a 1.82±0.43 ab 0.64±0.10 a 4.05±0.18 a
30 60.22±0.41 a 17.70±0.79 a 9.81±0.36 a 2.50±0.13 a 0.65±0.37 a 4.21±0.33 a
45 59.84±0.60 a 17.85±0.99 a 9.93±0.51 a 2.08±0.33 ab 0.53±0.31 a 4.27±0.10 a
60 58.53±2.30 ab 17.23±1.39 a 10.05±0.73 a 1.10±0.15 b 0.75±0.20 a 4.01±0.15 a
安仁Anren 0 55.32±3.75 a 17.42±1.42 a 10.64±0.35 b 1.87±0.79 a 1.13±0.22 a 4.66±0.07 a
15 57.80±2.35 a 17.48±0.92 a 11.05±0.26 ab 1.70±0.99 a 0.94±0.11 a 4.68±0.29 a
30 59.68±2.87 a 17.19±1.18 a 11.57±0.51 a 1.82±0.83 a 1.13±0.09 a 4.69±0.50 a
45 58.94±1.00 a 16.90±0.32 a 11.24±0.41 ab 1.09±0.12 a 1.20±0.07 a 4.76±0.34 a
60 57.40±2.27 a 17.26±0.83 a 11.06±0.60 ab 1.00±0.01 a 1.10±0.06 a 4.69±0.31 a
试验地点
Experimental site (S)		 ns ns ** ns ns **
镁肥用量
Magnesium application rate (Mg)		 * ns ns ns ns ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns ns ns ns ns ns

Table 5

Effect of magnesium fertilizer on oil yield and protein yield in oilseed rape"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Experimental site		 镁肥用量
Magnesium application rate (kg hm-2)		 理论产油量
Rapeseed oil production
(kg hm-2)		 理论蛋白产量
Protein production
(kg hm-2)
2020-2021 进贤Jinxian 0 421.5±11.5 c 214.2±16.1 c
15 548.8±57.0 b 246.6±36.5 bc
30 630.9±42.9 b 283.9±32.4 ab
45 726.7±38.0 a 326.8±25.7 a
60 730.1±30.4 a 317.1±14.1 a
安仁Anren 0 703.0±9.7 d 449.0±28.3 b
15 804.3±10.4 c 533.9±14.7 a
30 818.6±26.5 bc 521.6±13.5 a
45 861.3±17.4 ab 493.0±53.4 ab
60 888.5±36.7 a 498.8±7.6 ab
试验地点 Experimental site (S) ** **
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ** **
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg * ns
2021-2022 进贤Jinxian 0 475.2±43.8 c 232.2±25.1 c
15 621.9±43.5 b 294.0±27.8 b
30 790.7±26.7 a 362.3±31.0 a
45 871.4±54.9 a 387.3±19.5 a
60 853.1±40.7 a 390.3±12.6 a
安仁Anren 0 498.5±7.5 d 384.5±21.8 c
15 628.2±77.1 c 454.6±52.7 bc
30 791.1±19.1 b 521.3±13.8 ab
45 909.8±23.2 a 569.8±55.2 a
60 886.5±17.5 a 583.5±28.2 a
试验地点 Experimental site (S) ** ns
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ** *
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg * ns

Fig. 3

Correlation analysis of each index *, **, and *** mean significant correlation at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively."

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