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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (02): 157-170.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00157

• REVIEW •     Next Articles

Characteristics of Genes Selected by Domestication and Intensive Breeding in Crop Plants

ZHANG Xue-Yong1,*, MA Lin1, ZHENG Jun2   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2 Wheat Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linfen 041000, China
  • Received:2016-09-22 Revised:2016-11-03 Online:2017-02-12 Published:2016-11-18
  • Contact: 张学勇,E-mail:zhangxueyong@caas.cn
  • Supported by:

    The Principal Investigator was supported by the National Research and Development Program (2016YFD0100300).

Abstract:

Crop genomics made great progress in last 15–20 years. Second generation sequencing technology has dramatically reduced the cost of genome sequencing, brought life science into the times of genomics,and strongly promoted development of system biology, genetics, breeding and genetic resources. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and haplotype block analysis are currently widely used forexploring animal and plant genetic resources and breeding. Successful isolation of many important genes help us elucidate the history of crop domestication and breeding, andpredict the future of breeding. It has been changing the breeding concepts and strategies. Most crop cultivars used today have experienced two major steps of harsh artificial selection, i.e., domestication and breeding. Despite so many similarities between domestication and breeding, they are different in some aspects. Domestication relatively affects small regions of plant genome. The dramatic reduction of diversity is usually caused by bottleneck effect.Although the breeding history is only about 100 years, it has brought tremendous alteration in most crop genomes.Breeding targets much more genes than domestication.It is very difficult for further selection of alleles at domestication targeted locus, usually only one alleleiskept, which referred as fixed. However, it is not in the case of selecting alleles at breeding targeted locus. Few alleles can be present at the same time in varient populations and rotate at the same locus in cultivars released in different periods or regions. Frequency of favored alleles in new cultivars has been increased dramatically because of positive selection. In addition,strong artificial selection usually reshapes the sub-genomes in polyploid species, which made them quite distinct from donor’s genomes. Therefore, it would be a good strategy to highlight future breeding through elucidating the basic rule of crop genome and gene in reaction to artificial selection at the targeted regions. Here, webriefly review the current major strategies for dissection of genes, haplotype blocks as well as the major genes targeted in crop domestication and breeding selection. We also give a brief introduction on the mission and strategies for “formation and evolution mechanism of funder genotypes and famous cultivars in major crops”, a newly initiated national key research and development program of China.

Key words: Cropgenome, Domestication, Breeding, Targetedgenes, Haplotypeblock

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