不同光周期环境对谷子农艺性状的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84128

Abstract

Abstract:

One hundred and sixty foxtail millet materials were selected to investigate heading stage, plant height, leaf number, panicle length, panicle diameter, branch number per panicle, kernel number per branch, panicle weight, grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight under short-day (Hainan), middle-day (Henan), long-day (Jilin), three different photoperiod conditions in two consecutive years. The multiple factor variance analysis and multiple comparisons were performed by SPSS software (19.0 version) to explore the effects of photoperiod on the ten traits, and evaluate the photoperiod sensitivity of 160 foxtail millet materials. There were highly significant differences in heading stage, plant height, leaf number, panicle length, panicle diameter, branch number per panicle, kernel number per branch, panicle weight, grain weight per panicle (P < 0.01), and significant difference in 1000-grain weight (P < 0.05) among three photoperiod conditions. Five traits (heading stage, plant height, leaf number, panicle length, branch number per panicle) had increasing tendency with the prolonging of day time. The variety had extremely significant effect on all of the ten traits (P < 0.01), and the year had extremely significant effect on the nine traits except for 1000-grain weight (P < 0.01). The interaction between photoperiod and variety showed extremely significant effect on all of the ten traits (P < 0.01), and that between photoperiod and year had extremely significant effect on the remaining nine traits except for heading stage (P < 0.01). The interaction between year and variety showed extremely significant effect on plant height, leaf number, panicle length, panicle diameter, panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, branch number per panicle and kernel number per branch (P < 0.01). The varieties with low or moderate sensitivity to photoperiod exhibited no clear regional characteristics. While most of the materials with strong sensitivity to photoperiod were landrances mainly from spring millet regions. The very insensitive material (Xiaozaogu) and the very strong sensitivity materials (Huhehaotedamaogu, Rangu, Honggaigu, Qiegu, Er’baigu and so on) screened out in this study provide a foundation for breeding cultivars insensitive to photoperiod and carrying out studies about formation mechanism of photoperiod sensitivity in foxtail millet.

Key words: foxtail millet, photoperiod, agronomic traits, heading stage, interaction effect

JIA Xiao-Ping,QUAN Jian-Zhang,WANG Yong-Fang,DONG Zhi-Ping,YUAN Xi-Lei,ZHANG Bo,LI Jian-Feng. Effects of different photoperiod conditions on agronomic traits of foxtail millet[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(7): 1119-1127.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Multiple factor variance analysis of traits of millet"

因素 Factor	性状 Trait			平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 df	均方 Mean square	F值 F-value	显著性P值 Significance P-value
光周期 Photoperiod	株高Plant height			3977097.19	2	1988548.60	20710.10	0.00
	叶片数Number of leaf			102563.60	2	51281.80	66282.75	0.00
	穗长Panicle length			239230.91	2	119615.46	17929.37	0.00
	穗粗Panicle diameter			14885.17	2	7442.58	9637.15	0.00
	穗重Panicle weight			218226.51	2	109113.25	6823.99	0.00
	穗粒重Grain weight per panicle			106052.38	2	53026.19	4785.16	0.00
	穗码数Branch number per panicle			4357246.98	2	2178623.49	9628.17	0.00
	码粒数Grain number per branch			954366.26	2	477183.13	1173.37	0.00
	抽穗期Heading stage			144743.35	2	72371.67	4104.74	0.00
	千粒重1000-grain weight			48.36	2	24.18	145.84	0.03
因素 Factor		性状 Trait		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 df	均方 Mean square	F值 F-value	显著性P值 Significance P-value
年份 Year		株高Plant height		822174.38	1	822174.38	8562.68	0.00
		叶片数Number of leaf		13075.28	1	13075.28	16900.06	0.00
		穗长Panicle length		3650.40	1	3650.40	547.17	0.00
		穗粗Panicle diameter		470.02	1	470.02	608.61	0.00
		穗重Panicle weight		9374.79	1	9374.79	586.30	0.00
		穗粒重Grain weight per panicle		2602.81	1	2602.81	234.88	0.00
		穗码数Branch number per panicle		41449.53	1	41449.53	183.18	0.00
		码粒数Grain number per branch		48833.25	1	48833.25	120.08	0.00
		抽穗期Heading stage		3330.35	1	3330.35	188.89	0.00
		千粒重1000-grain weight		1.02	1	1.02	6.14	0.07
品种 Variety		株高Plant height		2089521.59	224	9328.22	97.15	0.00
		叶片数Number of leaf		20789.90	224	92.81	119.96	0.00
		穗长Panicle length		71359.45	224	318.57	47.75	0.00
		穗粗Panicle diameter		9826.34	224	43.87	56.80	0.00
		穗重Panicle weight		101343.40	224	452.43	28.30	0.00
		穗粒重Grain weight per panicle		67909.59	224	303.17	27.36	0.00
		穗码数Branch number per panicle		2321605.29	224	10364.31	45.80	0.00
		码粒数Grain number per branch		2955378.77	224	13193.66	32.44	0.00
		抽穗期Heading stage		32774.39	165	198.63	11.27	0.00
		千粒重1000-grain weight		105.23	165	0.64	3.85	0.00
光周期 × 年份 Photoperiod ×Year		株高Plant height		1445246.92	2	722623.46	7525.89	0.00
		叶片数Number of leaf		20229.57	2	10114.78	13073.56	0.00
		穗长Panicle length		1124.72	2	562.36	84.29	0.00
		穗粗Panicle diameter		1032.20	2	516.10	668.28	0.00
		穗重Panicle weight		22351.24	2	11175.62	698.93	0.00
		穗粒重Grain weight per panicle		11356.69	2	5678.34	512.42	0.00
		穗码数Branch number per panicle		96841.08	2	48420.54	213.99	0.00
		码粒数Grain number per branch		205935.59	2	102967.79	253.19	0.00
		抽穗期Heading stage		18.31	2	9.15	0.52	0.60
		千粒重1000-grain weight		6.29	2	3.14	18.96	0.00
光周期 × 品种 Photoperiod × Variety		株高Plant height	1266340.69		397	3189.78	33.22	0.00
		叶片数Number of leaf	6387.00		397	16.09	20.79	0.00
		穗长Panicle length	62606.81		397	157.70	23.64	0.00
		穗粗Panicle diameter	4102.86		397	10.34	13.38	0.00
		穗重Panicle weight	81735.03		397	205.88	12.88	0.00
		穗粒重Grain weight per panicle	58855.72		397	148.25	13.38	0.00
		穗码数Branch number per panicle	1562876.89		397	3936.72	17.40	0.00
		码粒数Grain number per branch	1457601.44		397	3671.54	9.03	0.00
		抽穗期Heading stage	12186.68		307	39.70	2.25	0.00
		千粒重1000-grain weight	70.39		307	0.23	1.38	0.01
因素 Factor	性状 Trait			平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 df	均方 Mean square	F值 F-value	显著性P值 Significance P-value
年份 × 品种 Year × Variety	株高Plant height		274965.27		200	1374.83	14.32	0.00
	叶片数Number of leaf		1927.47		200	9.64	12.46	0.00
	穗长Panicle length		9554.10		200	47.77	7.16	0.00
	穗粗Panicle diameter		1080.20		200	5.40	6.99	0.00
	穗重Panicle weight		19149.76		200	95.75	5.99	0.00
	穗粒重Grain weight per panicle		13821.35		200	69.11	6.24	0.00
	穗码数Branch number per panicle		379445.96		200	1897.23	8.39	0.00
	码粒数Grain number per branch		1234865.35		200	6174.33	15.18	0.00
	抽穗期Heading stage		3465.74		159	21.80	1.24	0.08
	千粒重1000-grain weight		36.43		159	0.23	1.38	0.02
误差 Error	株高Plant height		948949.07		9883	96.02
	叶片数Number of leaf		7646.30		9883	0.77
	穗长Panicle length		65934.26		9883	6.67
	穗粗Panicle diameter		7632.45		9883	0.77
	穗重Panicle weight		158025.71		9883	15.99
	穗粒重Grain weight per panicle		109517.24		9883	11.08
	穗码数Branch number per panicle		2236284.88		9883	226.28
	码粒数Grain number per branch		4019193.46		9883	406.68
	抽穗期Heading stage		3138.36		178	17.63
	千粒重1000-grain weight		29.51		178	0.17
总计 Total	株高Plant height		14200000.00		10710
	叶片数Number of leaf		201143.43		10710
	穗长Panicle length		557746.85		10710
	穗粗Panicle diameter		47231.62		10710
	穗重Panicle weight		728103.10		10710
	穗粒重Grain weight per panicle		428015.86		10710
	穗码数Branch number per panicle		12780000.00		10710
	码粒数Grain number per branch		11510000.00		10710
	抽穗期Heading stage		263089.69		816
	千粒重1000-grain weight		326.93		816

Table 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Supplementary table 1

Photoperiod sensitivity ranking of foxtail millet resources at Henan and Jilin"

品种 Variety	来源地 Origin region	河南光周期敏感值 Henan PS value	品种 Variety	来源地 Origin region	吉林光周期敏感值 Jilin PS value
小早谷 Xiaozaogu	中国北京 Beijing, China	-1.48	小早谷 Xiaozaogu	中国北京 Beijing, China	0.23
Set3/80	德国 German	-0.27	郑315 Zheng 315	中国河南 Henan, China	2.09
安 04-5014 An 04-5014	中国河南 Henan, China	0.33	公矮3号 Gongai 3	中国吉林 Jilin, China	2.33
金德 Jinde	美国 America	0.44	ISE-245	印度迈索尔邦 Mysore, India	2.51
黄粟 Huangsu	中国广西 Guangxi, China	0.49	黄粟 Huangsu	中国广西 Guangxi, China	2.52
Set64/82	德国 German	0.50	安4117 An 4117	中国河南 Henan, China	2.68
公矮3号 Gongai 3	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	六十日 Liushiri	日本 Japan	2.91
公谷66号 Gonggu 66	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.59	15HN-138	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.92
15HN-138	中国河北 Hebei, China	0.63	Red manna	南非 South Africa	3.02
K-3606	俄罗斯 Russia	0.63	ISE770	国际半干旱研究所 ICRISAT	3.12
Red manna	南非 South Africa	0.63	532	未知 Unknown	3.14
黄谷 Huanggu	中国西藏 Xizang, China	0.65	龙谷26 Longgu 26	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	3.16
谷丰 1 Gufeng 1	中国河北 Hebei, China	0.67	晋谷35号 Jingu 35	中国山西 Shanxi, China	3.19
喇叭黄 Labahuang	中国青海 Qinghai, China	0.73	11郄1071 11qie1071	未知 Unknown	3.24
安 4117 An 4117	中国河南 Henan, China	0.77	谷丰2号 Gufeng 2	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.24
郑 315 Zheng 315	中国河南 Henan, China	0.79	铁7924 Tie 7924	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	3.31
济叶冲4 Jiyecong 4	中国山东 Shandong, China	0.80	Ise-455	美国 America	3.32
白杆白沙 Baiganbaisha	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.81	大头糯 Datounuo	中国湖南 Hunan, China	3.32
老绳头 Laoshengtou	中国河北 Hebei, China	0.85	冀谷 26 Jigu 26	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.33
张农 8 Zhangnong 8	中国河北 Hebei, China	0.85	矮88 Ai 88	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.37
冀谷30 Jigu 30	中国河北 Hebei, China	0.86	豫谷18号 Yugu 18	中国河南 Henan, China	3.38
承谷11 Chenggu 11	中国河北 Hebei, China	0.89	铁谷4号 Tiegu 4	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	3.39
汾选5号 Fenxuan 5	中国山西 Shanxi, China	0.91	郑06-6 Zheng 06-6	中国河南 Henan, China	3.42
白罗砂 Bailuosha	中国河北 Hebei, China	0.95	15HN-79	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.43
坝谷 139 Bagu 139	中国河北 Hebei, China	0.96	岛原 Daoyuan	日本 Japan	3.50
金谷1号 Jingu 1	中国河北 Hebei, China	0.96	郑州12 Zhengzhou 12	中国河南 Henan, China	3.50
龙谷26 Longgu 26	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.97	安04-5014 An 04-5014	中国河南 Henan, China	3.51
ISE-245	印度迈索尔邦 Mysore	0.99	谷丰 1 Gufeng 1	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.51
冀谷 26 Jigu 26	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.00	白罗砂 Bailuosha	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.54
冀谷 18 Jigu 18	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.03	郑8041 Zheng 8041	中国河南 Henan, China	3.54
豫谷 15 Yugu 15	中国河南 Henan, China	1.05	老绳头 Laoshengtou	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.56
532	未知 Unknown	1.07	冀谷 24 Jigu 24	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.58
豫谷 2 号 Yugu 2	中国河南 Henan, China	1.09	小青谷 Xiaoqinggu	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.59
齐头白 Qitoubai	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.10	冀谷 30 Jigu 30	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.65
ISE770	国际半干旱研究所 ICRISAT	1.14	汾选5号 Fenxuan5	中国山西 Shanxi, China	3.72
谷丰2号 Gufeng 2	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.15	齐头白 Qitoubai	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.73
白谷9号 Baigu 9	中国吉林 Jilin, China	1.15	冀谷 15 Jigu15	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.74
叩根 Kougen	中国吉林 Jilin, China	1.16	8322-14	未知 Unknown	3.74
龙爪粘 Longzhaonian	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	1.17	15HN-206	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.75
冀谷 24 Jigu 24	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.17	金谷 1 号 Jingu 1	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.77
复 12 Fu 12	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.17	白谷9号 Baigu9	中国吉林 Jilin, China	3.79
铁7924 Tie 7924	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	1.18	ISE775	国际半干旱研究所 ICRISAT	3.81
11郄1071 11qie 1071	未知 Unknown	1.19	黄谷 Huanggu	中国西藏 Xizang, China	3.84
郑州 12 Zhengzhou 12	中国河南 Henan, China	1.20	郑 05-2 Zheng05-2	中国河南 Henan, China	3.87
冀谷29 Jigu 29	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.21	衡谷9号 Henggu 9	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.93
嫩选十号 Nenxuan 10	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	1.25	拔谷 Bagu	中国山东 Shandong, China	3.95
公谷69号 Gonggu 69	中国吉林 Jilin, China	1.26	豫谷11 Yugu 11	中国河南 Henan, China	3.95
拔谷 Bagu	中国山东 Shandong, China	1.29	钱串子 Qianchuanzi	中国山东 Shandong, China	3.96
钱串子 Qiancuanzi	中国山东 Shandong, China	1.30	冀谷18 Jigu 18	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.96
豫谷 11 Yugu11	中国河南 Henan, China	1.31	承谷11 Chenggu 11	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.97
铁谷4号 Tiegu4	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	1.31	2013	未知 Unknown	4.00
冀谷27 Jigu 27	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.31	早谷 Zaogu	中国山东 Shandong, China	4.02
豫谷18号 Yugu 18	中国河南 Henan, China	1.32	豫谷 2 号 Yugu 2	中国河南 Henan, China	4.09
矮88 Ai 88	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.32	公谷66号 Gonggu 66	中国吉林 Jilin, China	4.12
大青苗鱼刺 Daqingmiaoyuci	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	1.33	坝谷 139 Bagu139	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.14
小金苗 Xiaojingmiao	中国吉林 Jilin, China	1.33	喇叭黄 Labahuang	中国青海 Qinghai, China	4.14
红腿谷 Hongtuigu	中国山西 Shanxi, China	1.34	法谷28-81 Fagu 28-81	法国 France	4.20
8322-14	未知 Unknown	1.39	冀谷 29 Jigu29	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.22
六十日 Liushiri	日本 Japan	1.39	豫谷 15 Yugu 15	中国河南 Henan, China	4.23
豫谷 3 Yugu 3	中国河南 Henan, China	1.40	安丰 Anfeng	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	4.26
Ise-455	美国 America	1.41	冀谷 27 Jigu 27	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.26
沙湾谷子 Shawaiguzi	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	1.42	矮 41 Ai 41	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.28
鲁谷3号 Lugu3	中国山东 Shandong, China	1.43	06-766	中国北京 Beijing, China	4.31
郑 8041 Zheng 8041	中国河南 Henan, China	1.44	复 12 Fu12	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.32
白米1号 Baimi 1	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	1.44	冀谷 28 Jigu 28	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.32
冀特 5 号 Jite 5	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.45	赤谷6号 Chigu 6	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	4.33
老来变 Laolaibian	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	1.46	张农 8 Zhangnong 8	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.36
15HN-206	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.47	小金苗 Xiaojinmiao	中国吉林 Jilin, China	4.37
糟皮一把奇 Zaopiyibaqi	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	1.47	豫谷 16 Yugu 16	中国河南 Henan, China	4.39
冀谷 28 Jigu 28	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.48	冀谷 22 Jigu 22	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.40
毛毛亮 Maomaoliang	中国河南 Henan, China	1.49	公谷69号 Gonggu 69	中国吉林 Jilin, China	4.41
冀谷 15 Jigu 15	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.49	粘糯子 Nianzinuo	未知 Unknown	4.42
早谷 Zaogu	中国山东 Shandong, China	1.49	金德 Jinde	美国 America	4.42
冀谷 22 Jigu22	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.53	骨绿早1 Gulyuzao 1	朝鲜 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea	4.42
赤谷6号 Chigu6	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	1.54	乐山白糯 Leshanbainuo	中国四川 Sichuan, China	4.43
冀谷 31 Jigu31	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.55	皇龙谷 Huanglonggu	中国山西 Shanxi, China	4.45
早白糯 Zaobainuo	中国山东 Shandong, China	1.59	白米1号 Baimi1	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	4.52
大头糯 Datounuo	中国湖南 Hunan, China	1.59	豫谷 3 Yugu 3	中国河南 Henan, China	4.52
ISE775	国际半干旱研究所 ICRISAT	1.61	毛毛亮 Maomaoliang	中国河南 Henan, China	4.52
六十天还家 60huanjia	中国吉林 Jilin, China	1.61	嫩选十号 Nenxuan 10	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	4.61
郑 05-2 Zheng05-2	中国河南 Henan, China	1.62	叩根 Kougen	中国吉林 Jilin, China	4.63
豫谷 16 Yugu16	中国河南 Henan, China	1.63	红腿谷 Hongtuigu	中国山西 Shanxi, China	4.67
衡谷9号 Henggu 9	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.65	六十天还家 60huanjia	中国吉林 Jilin, China	4.75
大王国 Dawangguo	日本 Japan	1.66	毛谷2号 Maogu 2	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.78
2013	未知 Unknown	1.67	晋汾13 Jinfen 13	中国山西 Shanxi, China	4.81
郑谷2号 Zhenggu 2	中国河南 Henan, China	1.68	朝鲜谷子 Chaoxianguzi	朝鲜 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea	4.84
乐山白糯 Leshanbainuo	中国四川 Sichuan, China	1.71	冀特 5 号 Jite 5	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.91
15HN-79	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.71	白杆白沙 Baiganbaisha	中国吉林 Jilin, China	4.94
小青谷 Xiaoqinggu	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.72	冀谷 17 Jigu 17	中国河北 Hebei, China	5.02
郑 06-6 Zheng 06-6	中国河南 Henan, China	1.72	小白苗 Xiaobaimiao	中国河北 Hebei, China	5.04
晋谷35号 Jingu35	中国山西 Shanxi, China	1.72	济叶冲4 Jiyechong 4	中国山东 Shandong, China	5.09
安丰 Anfeng	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	1.74	豫谷6号 Yugu 6	中国河南 Henan, China	5.15
法谷28-81 Fagu 28-81	法国 France	1.76	冀谷 31 Jigu 31	中国河北 Hebei, China	5.17
安 5424 An 5424	中国河南 Henan, China	1.77	郑谷2号 Zhenggu 2	中国河南 Henan, China	5.19
谷子 Guzi	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	1.80	Set64/82	德国 German	5.27
小白苗 Xiaobaimiao	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.84	大青苗鱼刺 Daqingmiayuci	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	5.28
岛原 Daoyuan	日本 Japan	1.84	红糯谷 Hongnuogu	中国宁夏 Ningxia, China	5.41
黑色腰 Heiseyao	中国河北 Hebei, China	1.85	早白糯 Zaobainuo	中国山东 Shandong, China	5.47
粘子糯 Nianzinuo	未知 Unknown	1.87	安 5424 An 5424	中国河南 Henan, China	5.49
二不黄 Erbuhuang	中国山西 Shanxi, China	1.90	沙湾谷子 Shawanguzi	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	5.49
骨绿早1 Gulyuzao 1	朝鲜 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea	1.91	大九根齐 Dajiugenqi	中国河北 Hebei, China	5.50
豫谷6号 Yugu 6	中国河南 Henan, China	1.97	二不黄 Erbuhuang	中国山西 Shanxi, China	5.53
06-766	中国北京 Beijing, China	1.98	黄谷子 Huangguzi	中国青海 Qinghai, China	5.63
嫩选十六 Nenxuan 16	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	1.98	糟皮一把奇 Zaopiyibaqi	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	5.66
矮 41 Ai 41	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.01	谷子 Guzi	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	5.69
红糯谷 Hongnuogu	中国宁夏 Ningxia, China	2.14	南育3号 Nanyu 3	中国河北 Hebei, China	5.73
晋汾13 Jinfen 13	中国山西 Shanxi, China	2.15	谷子 Guzi	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	5.76
皇龙谷 Huanglonggu	中国山西 Shanxi, China	2.21	沙粒滚 Shaligun	中国河北 Hebei, China	5.80
毛谷2号 Maogu 2	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.23	红杆谷 Honggangu	中国陕西 Shaanxi, China	5.81
蒙早谷9号 Mengzaogu 9	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	2.26	蒜皮白 Suanpibai	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	5.82
米泉谷 Miquangu	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	2.27	十里香 Shilixiang	中国河南 Henan, China	5.84
大黄糯谷 Dahuangnuogu	中国河南 Henan, China	2.29	红燃谷 Hongrangu	中国宁夏 Ningxia, China	5.89
冀谷 17 Jigu 17	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.29	辽谷1号 Liaogu 1	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	5.97
黑谷子 Heiguzi	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.30	大王国 Dawangguo	日本 Japan	6.02
沙粒滚 Shaligun	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.33	黑谷子 Heiguzi	中国河北 Hebei, China	6.06
红苗2 Hongmiao 2	中国吉林 Jilin, China	2.36	毛粟 Maosu	未知 Unknown	6.08
朝鲜谷子 Chaoxianguzi	朝鲜 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea	2.41	鲁谷3号 Lugu 3	中国山东 Shandong, China	6.20
小明谷子 Xiaomingguzi	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	2.45	坝 91-0079 Ba 91-0079	中国河北 Hebei, China	6.28
红根子谷Honggenguzi	中国山东 Shandong, China	2.47	籼紫灰谷 Xianzihuigu	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	6.29
大九根齐 Dajiugenqi	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.51	毛毛谷 Maomaogu	中国河北 Hebei, China	6.34
毛毛谷 Maomaogu	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.58	嫩选十六 Nenxuan 16	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	6.36
龙爪谷 Longzhaogu	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.68	蒙早谷9号 Mengzaogu 9	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	6.39
南育3号 Nanyu 3	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.73	坝谷 210 Bagu 210	中国河北 Hebei, China	6.43
金香玉 Jinxiangyu	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	2.75	老来变 Laolaibian	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	6.45
大同黄 Datonghuang	中国山西 Shanxi, China	2.76	K-3606	俄罗斯 Russia	6.46
坝 91-0079 Ba 91-0079	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.79	红苗2 Hongmiao 2	中国吉林 Jilin, China	6.50
压塌车 Yatache	中国河北 Hebei, China	2.92	Set3/80	德国 German	6.53
十里香 Shilixiang	中国河南 Henan, China	2.99	红根子谷 Honggenzigu	中国山东 Shandong, China	6.54
坝谷 6 Bagu 6	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.04	黑色腰 Heiseyao	中国河北 Hebei, China	6.60
豫谷13 号 Yugu 13	中国河南 Henan, China	3.04	豫谷 13 号 Yugu 13	中国河南 Henan, China	6.61
陇谷11号 Longgu11	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	3.08	延谷11号 Yangu 11	中国陕西 Shaanxi China	6.66
黄玉3 Huangyu 3	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	3.09	谷上谷 Gushanggu	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	6.66
坝 91-0053 Ba 91-0053	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.09	芝麻粟 Zimasu	未知 Unknown	6.67
蒜皮白 Suanpibai	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	3.11	大黄糯谷 Dahuangnuogu	中国河南 Henan, China	6.72
尕红谷 Gahonggu	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	3.15	陇谷11号 Longgu 11	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	6.81
红杆谷 Honggangu	中国陕西 Shaanxi, China	3.18	尕红谷 Gahonggu	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	6.87
坝谷 210 Bagu 210	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.20	金香玉 Jinxiangyu	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	6.98
籼紫灰谷 Xianzihuigu	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	3.30	坝谷 6 Bagu 6	中国河北 Hebei, China	7.00
陇谷10号 Longgu 10	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	3.38	压塌车 Yatache	中国河北 Hebei, China	7.00
谷上谷 Gushanggu	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	3.43	陇谷10号 Longgu 10	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	7.15
黄谷子 Huangguzi	中国青海 Qinghai, China	3.44	黄毛谷 Huangmaogu	中国河北 Hebei, China	7.24
红燃谷 Hongrangu	中国宁夏 Ningxia, China	3.52	坝 91-0053 Ba 91-0053	中国河北 Hebei, China	7.34
谷子 Guzi	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	3.55	小苗谷 Xiaomiaogu	中国宁夏 Ningxia, China	7.47
辽谷1号 Liaogu 1	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	3.60	坝 91-0130 Ba 91-0130	中国河北 Hebei, China	7.55
塞外香谷子 Saiwaixiangguzi	中国宁夏 Ningxia, China	3.91	米泉谷 Miquangu	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	7.67
黄毛谷 Huangmaogu	中国河北 Hebei, China	3.91	竹叶青 Zhuyeqing	中国河北 Hebei, China	7.68
竹叶青 Zhuyeqing	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.01	坝谷 81 Bagu 81	中国河北 Hebei, China	7.68
坝谷 81 Bagu 81	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.05	塞外香谷子 Saiwaixiangguzi	中国宁夏 Ningxia, China	7.69
二白谷 Erbaigu	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	4.12	黄玉3 Huangyu 3	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	7.80
坝 91-0130 Ba 91-0130	中国河北 Hebei, China	4.21	茄谷 Qiegu	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	7.81
谷子 Guzi	中国青海 Qinghai, China	4.22	小明谷子 Xiaomingguzi	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	7.93
小苗谷 Xiaomiaogu	中国宁夏 Ningxia, China	4.22	谷子 Guzi	中国青海 Qinghai, China	8.03
毛粟 Maosu	未知 Unknown	4.23	二白谷 Erbaigu	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	8.32
茄谷 Qiegu	中国甘肃 Gansu, China	4.34	大同黄 Datonghuang	中国山西 Shanxi, China	8.42
延谷11号 Yangu 11	中国陕西 Shaanxi China	4.35	呼和浩特大毛谷 Huhehaotedamaogu	中国陕西 Shaanxi, China	8.75
红钙谷 Honggaigu	中国天津 Tianjin, China	4.51	然谷 Rangu	中国陕西 Shaanxi, China	9.53
然谷 Rangu	中国陕西 Shaanxi China	4.55	红钙谷 Honggaigu	中国天津 Tianjin, China	11.17
芝麻粟 Zimasu	未知 Unknown	4.87
呼和浩特大毛谷Huhehaotedamaoguu	中国陕西 Shaanxi China	4.89

Supplementary table 1

References 25

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地区 Region	年份 Year	月份 Month	温度 Temperature (℃)	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)	日照 Sunshine (h)	年份 Year	月份Month	温度 Temperature (℃)	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)	日照 Sunshine (h)
吉林 Jilin	2015	5	15.9	119.5	241.9	2016	5	16.5	205.5	272.4
		6	21.2	81.4	269.6		6	20.8	113.8	274.7
		7	23.8	50.7	311.2		7	24.1	115.2	268.2
		8	22.7	103.9	240.8		8	23.2	109.2	289.2
		9	16.9	57.0	259.0		9	16.9	194	192.7
		Average	20.1	82.5	264.5		Average	20.3	147.5	259.4
河南 Henan	2015	5	22.3	82.3	202.4	2016	5	21.0	57.2	204.2
		6	26.4	108.2	131.7		6	24.9	125.1	227.9
		7	28.0	83.7	195.9		7	29.1	243.7	189.4
		8	26.8	142.6	148.8		8	29.2	95.0	151.0
		9	22.3	19.8	142.2		9	25.1	62.9	164.1
		Average	25.2	87.3	164.2		Average	25.9	116.8	187.3
海南 Hainan	2015- 2016	11	20.2	118.9	180.2	2016- 2017	11	23.2	93.4	115.7
		12	25.3	89.3	77.4		12	20.9	77.3	98.5
		1	18.1	125.4	27.4		1	17.8	113.5	25.8
		2	16.3	28.1	113.4		2	16.7	36.7	110.7
		3	20.5	41.7	154.1		3	20.9	40.9	138.8
		Average	20.1	80.7	110.5		Average	19.9	72.36	97.9

性状 Trait	样本大小 Sample size	极小值 Minimum value	极大值 Maximum value	均值 Mean value	标准误 Standard error
株高Plant height (cm)	10711	10.60	245.00	125.17	0.35
叶片数Number of leaf	10711	3.00	24.00	11.16	0.04
穗长Panicle length (cm)	10711	1.60	48.40	18.50	0.07
穗粗Panicle diameter (cm)	10711	2.10	21.18	7.05	0.02
穗重Panicle weight (g)	10711	0.20	58.37	11.84	0.08
穗粒重Grain weight per panicle (g)	10711	0.03	46.06	8.84	0.06
穗码数Branch number per panicle	10711	3.00	306.00	85.96	0.33
码粒数Grain number per branch	10711	1.13	637.22	44.99	0.32
抽穗期Heading stage (d)	817	22.00	120.00	48.95	0.62
千粒重1000-grain weight(g)	817	0.43	4.59	2.85	0.02

Effects of different photoperiod conditions on agronomic traits of foxtail millet

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