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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 351-358.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02028

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Yield gaps of rice-wheat double cropping and its relationship with resource utilization in Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers region

DU Xiang-Bei1(), XI Min2, KONG Ling-Cong1,*(), WU Wen-Ge2,*(), CHEN Jin-Hua3, XU You-Zun2, ZHOU Yong-Jin2   

  1. 1Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
    2Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China, 3 Anhui Province Meteorological Research Institute, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
  • Received:2020-04-26 Accepted:2020-08-19 Online:2021-02-12 Published:2020-09-21
  • Contact: KONG Ling-Cong,WU Wen-Ge E-mail:duxiangbei@126.com;konglingcong@126.com;aaasrri@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301306);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300906);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300503)

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Abstract:

The Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region is an important production base of rice and wheat in China. It is necessary to clarify the differences and formation mechanism between different yield levels in the region, and to explore the limiting factors for regional grain production, which can provide scientific basis and reference for the management practices to reduce the annual yield gap in the Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region. Based on annual rice-wheat production situation, crop yield was divided into three different levels, farmer yields, experimental yields and high record yields. Yield gaps and the climate factors of different yield levels were quantified. Results showed that there were significant differences between farmer yields and experimental yields, high record yields of rice, wheat and annual in the Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region, which were 3315.9, 1537.5, and 4645.6 kg hm-2, 7498.6, 3977.9, and 9840.9 kg hm-2, respectively. Compared with the experimental yields, the farmer yields of rice, wheat and annual had yield increase potential of 46.2%, 29.7% and 37.3%, and 104.5%, 77.0% and 79.0% in comparison with the high record yields, respectively. The number of grains per spike was the main factor resulting in the yield difference in rice, and the grain numbers per spike and the number of spikes contributed to the yield difference in wheat. Compared with the farmer average yield, the grain numbers per spike of rice in experimental yields and high record yields were increased by 30.4% and 116.1%, respectively; the spikes and grain numbers per spike of wheat were increased by 40.9%, 70.0% and 21.8%, 19.6%, respectively. Reducing the yield gaps mainly depended on increasing the grain numbers per spike for rice, and synergistic improvement in the number of spikes and the grain numbers per spike for wheat. Cumulative radiation and low accumulated temperature during the growth period were the main climatic factors affected rice production, while excessive rainfall was the main climatic factor affected wheat production. The results suggested that in order to strengthen rice production and stabilize wheat production was an effective way to increase the annual grain production in the Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region.

Key words: Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers region, rice-wheat double cropping, yield gap, yield potential, resources capture

Fig. 1

Descriptive statistics of the rice-wheat annual yield in Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region Values marked with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05."

Table 1

Actual yield, yield potential and yield gaps among different yield levels in Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region"

项目
Item		 产量水平
Different yield level		 水稻
Rice		 小麦
Wheat		 周年
Annual
产量
Yield (kg hm-2)		 高产纪录Highest recorded yield 14,674.1 a 9146.1 a 22,304.3 a
试验水平Experimental yield 10,491.3 b 6705.8 b 17,108.9 b
农户水平Farmer yield 7175.4 c 5168.2 c 12,463.3 c
产量差
Yield gap (kg hm-2)		 高产纪录-农户水平 Highest recorded yield-Farmer yield (YG1) 7498.6 3977.9 9840.9
试验水平-农户水平 Experimental yield-Farmer yield (YG2) 3315.9 1537.5 4645.6
增产潜力
Increase potential (%)		 农户水平-高产纪录 Farmer yield-Highest recorded yield 104.5 77.0 79.0
农户水平-试验水平 Farmer yield-Experimental yield 46.2 29.7 37.3

Fig. 2

Relationship between grain yield and its components for different yield levels in Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region A, B, C are responsible for rice; D, E, F are responsible for wheat."

Table 2

Differences of key yield components of rice and wheat among different yield levels in Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region"

项目
Item		 水稻Rice 小麦Wheat
每穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 相对比例
Relative ratio (%)		 穗数
Spike number
(×104 hm-2)		 相对比例
Relative ratio
(%)		 每穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 相对比例
Relative ratio
(%)
高产纪录Highest recorded yield 276.8 a 216.1 43.7 a 170.0 34.1 a 119.6
试验水平Experimental yield 167.1 b 130.4 36.2 b 140.9 34.7 a 121.8
农户水平Farmer yield 128.1 c 100.0 25.7 c 100.0 28.5 b 100.0

Fig. 3

Accumulated radiation, growth degree-days and precipitation in rice and wheat seasons under different yield levels in Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region A, C, E are responsible for rice; B, D, F are responsible for wheat. Values marked with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05."

Table 3

Growth period of rice, wheat and annual year under different yield levels in Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region"

项目Item 水稻Rice 小麦Wheat
高产纪录Highest recorded yield 150.3 a 212.6 a
试验水平Experimental yield 148.2 a 209.5 ab
农户水平Farmer yield 142.3 b 206.2 b
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