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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 342-350.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04091

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of long-term nitrogen fertilization with different levels on sorghum grain yield, nitrogen use characteristics and soil nitrate distribution

WANG Yuan1,2(), WANG Jin-Song1, DONG Er-Wei1, WU Ai-Lian1, JIAO Xiao-Yan1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
    2Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetics & Germplasm Innovation, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-04-13 Accepted:2020-08-19 Online:2021-02-12 Published:2020-09-04
  • Contact: JIAO Xiao-Yan E-mail:wangyuan1520@126.com;jiaoxiaoyan@sxagri.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System(CARS-06-13.5-A20);Science and Technology Research Project in Shanxi Province(201901D211559);Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetics & Germplasm Innovation(2019K-2)

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Abstract:

To determine a suitable nitrogen fertilizer application rate, an experiment was conducted using Jinza 34, Liaoza 27, Jinsi 2, Jinnuo 3, and Fenjiuliang 1 with six nitrogen (N) fertilization levels, including 0 (N0), 75 (N75), 150 (N150), 225 (N225), 300 (N300), and 450 kg hm-2 (N450). The effects of long-term nitrogen fertilization with different levels on sorghum grain yield, nitrogen use characteristics and soil nitrate nitrogen distribution were investigated. The grain yield, grain number and N accumulation of sorghum increased initially and then tended to be stabile with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application. Among them, the maximum increase of sorghum under N75 treatment compared with that under N0 treatment was 23.68%, 48.05%, and 51.86%, respectively. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, the grain starch content decreased, while the grain starch yield increased firstly and then decreased. Nitrogen apparent recovery rate, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency which were accumulated for five years were reduced significantly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application. Compared with the N150 treatment, nitrogen use efficiency accumulated for five years under N75 treatment, which was 63.01%, was increased by 76.91%. When nitrogen fertilizer application was beyond 225 kg hm-2, after four to five years later, nitrate nitrogen residue was increased rapidly in the 60-200 cm soil layer year by year, NO3--N accumulation peaks distributed in the 0-200 cm soil layer and the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching was increased. In view of the yield, starch yield, nitrogen utilization and environmental benefit, the reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application for sorghum was between 75 kg hm-2 and 150 kg hm-2.

Key words: sorghum, nitrogen fertilizer application, nitrogen utilization characteristics, soil nitrate nitrogen distribution

Table 1

Monthly precipitation during five growing seasons from 2015 to 2019 (mm)"

时期
Period		 降水量Precipitation
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 平均Average
5月May 32.0 20.2 15.0 48.6 0.6 27.8
6月June 15.5 61.9 70.8 54.3 45.8 52.3
7月July 74.4 256.6 143.1 143.5 45.6 119.1
8月August 67.6 137.5 124.2 77.2 48.8 83.2
9月September 68.1 19.8 3.4 56.8 73.4 69.3
生育期Total growth period 257.6 496.0 356.5 380.4 214.2 351.7

Table 2

Sorghum varieties and planting density"

年份
Year		 品种名称
Variety		 生育期
Growth period
(d)		 来源
Origin		 种植密度
Planting density
(×104 plant hm-2)
2015 晋杂34号
Jinza 34		 132 山西省农业科学院高粱研究所
Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences		 18.0
2016 辽杂27号
Liaoza 27		 110 辽宁省农业科学院
Liaoning Academy of Agriculture Sciences		 13.5
2017 晋饲2号
Jinsi 2		 125 山西省农业科学院高粱研究所
Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences		 16.5
2018 晋糯3号
Jinnuo 3		 120 山西省农业科学院高粱研究所
Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences		 12.0
2019 汾酒粱1号
Fenjiuliang 1		 127 山西省农业科学院高粱研究所
Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences		 18.0

Table 3

Sorghum yield and nitrogen accumulation of above-ground plant at different nitrogen application rates"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per ear		 氮素吸收量
N accumulation
(kg hm-2)
2015 N0 8828.00±425.81 a 23.58±0.82 a 1954.49±84.55 a 176.03±3.35 a
N75 9474.50±223.62 b 24.01±2.31 a 1925.23±229.71 a 225.93±7.43 b
N150 9398.50±263.27 ab 22.13±1.25 a 2200.79±158.03 a 227.53±9.59 b
N225 9373.00±408.22 ab 22.17±0.40 a 2044.42±114.56 a 220.93±13.63 b
N300 9157.50±231.13 ab 23.28±0.97 a 1992.32±185.57 a 250.97±9.57 c
N450 9178.00±107.92 ab 23.39±1.04 a 2019.53±93.40 a 264.37±5.75 c
2016 N0 6558.45±867.17 a 25.38±1.08 a 1785.01±96.17 a 126.20±23.91 a
N75 8039.30±783.39 b 26.67±0.95 ab 2141.66±223.08 b 195.45±38.84 b
N150 8609.20±699.18 b 27.81±0.44 b 1969.83±118.01 ab 191.70±1.08 b
N225 8523.85±785.79 b 27.08±0.45 ab 2120.00±168.73 b 191.70±17.16 b
N300 7720.10±358.35 ab 27.09±2.26 ab 2133.19±203.92 b 187.65±33.45 b
N450 8016.70±636.33 b 27.32±0.78 ab 2005.44±40.11 ab 193.65±6.94 b
2017 N0 6049.05±302.83 a 20.25±2.02 a 1752.42±231.41 a 100.90±8.71 a
N75 7481.25±860.12 b 18.76±1.45 a 2594.47±251.06 b 140.55±8.55 b
N150 6815.10±352.25 ab 19.04±3.58 a 2360.97±460.97 b 142.00±9.05 b
N225 7014.95±300.14 ab 20.64±1.70 a 2277.21±312.13 ab 145.35±1.73 bc
N300 7099.55±756.17 ab 18.45±0.39 a 2298.74±200.92 ab 150.50±9.80 bc
N450 7131.00±773.23 ab 19.65±2.82 a 2218.02±282.58 ab 163.95±18.09 c
2018 N0 6431.75±264.32 a 27.49±1.09 a 2167.46±37.54 a 87.25±6.78 a
N75 7525.70±533.25 b 26.09±1.32 a 2818.92±312.25 b 132.50±9.62 b
N150 7550.20±628.92 b 25.19±0.60 a 2776.43±61.98 b 145.30±7.60 b
N225 7166.90±729.93 b 26.01±2.01 a 2682.47±71.18 b 140.10±13.08 b
N300 6803.75±840.38 ab 26.93±2.51 a 2598.97±396.42 b 135.60±16.37 b
N450 6829.75±442.84 ab 26.74±3.72 a 2641.43±263.05 b 140.40±10.78 b
2019 N0 7248.78±1112.36 a 20.90±1.04 b 1960.07±445.54 a 97.10±17.91 a
N75 7915.81±664.66 a 19.47±1.63 ab 2423.49±316.84 ab 129.32±17.69 ab
N150 7715.23±585.36 a 18.33±1.10 a 2545.77±126.49 b 148.10±13.08 b
N225 7466.09±750.31 a 18.20±0.44 a 2455.83±112.38 ab 142.19±19.16 b
N300 8358.97±872.92 a 19.57±0.72 ab 2593.18±350.69 b 159.20±29.95 b
N450 7485.30±746.40 a 19.83±1.40 ab 2336.11±224.37 ab 149.83±20.74 b

Fig. 1

Content of total starch and starch yield at different nitrogen application rates (mean±SD) Values followed by different letters mean significant differences among treatments in a year at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3."

Table 4

Nitrogen utilization characteristics which were accumulated for five years at different nitrogen application rates"

处理
Treatment		 氮肥施入量
N fertilization
(kg hm-2)		 氮素积累
N accumulation
(kg hm-2)		 氮肥利用率
NFUE
(%)		 氮肥农学效率
NAE
(kg kg-1)		 氮素表观回收率
NARR
(%)
N0 0 587.45 a — — —
N75 375 823.72 b 63.01 d 14.19 d 219.66 e
N150 750 854.60 bc 35.62 c 6.63 c 113.95 d
N225 1125 840.24 bc 22.47 b 3.94 b 74.69 c
N300 1500 883.90 cd 19.76 ab 2.68 ab 58.92 b
N450 2250 912.18 d 14.43 a 1.57 a 40.54 a

Fig. 2

Nitrate nitrogen in the 0-200 cm soil layer after sorghum harvest stage in 2018 and 2019 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3."

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