长期施用不同剂量氮肥对高粱产量、氮素利用特性和土壤硝态氮含量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04091

Abstract

Abstract:

To determine a suitable nitrogen fertilizer application rate, an experiment was conducted using Jinza 34, Liaoza 27, Jinsi 2, Jinnuo 3, and Fenjiuliang 1 with six nitrogen (N) fertilization levels, including 0 (N0), 75 (N75), 150 (N150), 225 (N225), 300 (N300), and 450 kg hm^-2 (N450). The effects of long-term nitrogen fertilization with different levels on sorghum grain yield, nitrogen use characteristics and soil nitrate nitrogen distribution were investigated. The grain yield, grain number and N accumulation of sorghum increased initially and then tended to be stabile with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application. Among them, the maximum increase of sorghum under N75 treatment compared with that under N0 treatment was 23.68%, 48.05%, and 51.86%, respectively. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, the grain starch content decreased, while the grain starch yield increased firstly and then decreased. Nitrogen apparent recovery rate, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency which were accumulated for five years were reduced significantly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application. Compared with the N150 treatment, nitrogen use efficiency accumulated for five years under N75 treatment, which was 63.01%, was increased by 76.91%. When nitrogen fertilizer application was beyond 225 kg hm^-2, after four to five years later, nitrate nitrogen residue was increased rapidly in the 60-200 cm soil layer year by year, NO₃^--N accumulation peaks distributed in the 0-200 cm soil layer and the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching was increased. In view of the yield, starch yield, nitrogen utilization and environmental benefit, the reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application for sorghum was between 75 kg hm^-2 and 150 kg hm^-2.

Key words: sorghum, nitrogen fertilizer application, nitrogen utilization characteristics, soil nitrate nitrogen distribution

WANG Yuan, WANG Jin-Song, DONG Er-Wei, WU Ai-Lian, JIAO Xiao-Yan. Effects of long-term nitrogen fertilization with different levels on sorghum grain yield, nitrogen use characteristics and soil nitrate distribution[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(2): 342-350.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Sorghum yield and nitrogen accumulation of above-ground plant at different nitrogen application rates"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	氮素吸收量 N accumulation (kg hm^-2)
2015	N0	8828.00±425.81 a	23.58±0.82 a	1954.49±84.55 a	176.03±3.35 a
	N75	9474.50±223.62 b	24.01±2.31 a	1925.23±229.71 a	225.93±7.43 b
	N150	9398.50±263.27 ab	22.13±1.25 a	2200.79±158.03 a	227.53±9.59 b
	N225	9373.00±408.22 ab	22.17±0.40 a	2044.42±114.56 a	220.93±13.63 b
	N300	9157.50±231.13 ab	23.28±0.97 a	1992.32±185.57 a	250.97±9.57 c
	N450	9178.00±107.92 ab	23.39±1.04 a	2019.53±93.40 a	264.37±5.75 c
2016	N0	6558.45±867.17 a	25.38±1.08 a	1785.01±96.17 a	126.20±23.91 a
	N75	8039.30±783.39 b	26.67±0.95 ab	2141.66±223.08 b	195.45±38.84 b
	N150	8609.20±699.18 b	27.81±0.44 b	1969.83±118.01 ab	191.70±1.08 b
	N225	8523.85±785.79 b	27.08±0.45 ab	2120.00±168.73 b	191.70±17.16 b
	N300	7720.10±358.35 ab	27.09±2.26 ab	2133.19±203.92 b	187.65±33.45 b
	N450	8016.70±636.33 b	27.32±0.78 ab	2005.44±40.11 ab	193.65±6.94 b
2017	N0	6049.05±302.83 a	20.25±2.02 a	1752.42±231.41 a	100.90±8.71 a
	N75	7481.25±860.12 b	18.76±1.45 a	2594.47±251.06 b	140.55±8.55 b
	N150	6815.10±352.25 ab	19.04±3.58 a	2360.97±460.97 b	142.00±9.05 b
	N225	7014.95±300.14 ab	20.64±1.70 a	2277.21±312.13 ab	145.35±1.73 bc
	N300	7099.55±756.17 ab	18.45±0.39 a	2298.74±200.92 ab	150.50±9.80 bc
	N450	7131.00±773.23 ab	19.65±2.82 a	2218.02±282.58 ab	163.95±18.09 c
2018	N0	6431.75±264.32 a	27.49±1.09 a	2167.46±37.54 a	87.25±6.78 a
	N75	7525.70±533.25 b	26.09±1.32 a	2818.92±312.25 b	132.50±9.62 b
	N150	7550.20±628.92 b	25.19±0.60 a	2776.43±61.98 b	145.30±7.60 b
	N225	7166.90±729.93 b	26.01±2.01 a	2682.47±71.18 b	140.10±13.08 b
	N300	6803.75±840.38 ab	26.93±2.51 a	2598.97±396.42 b	135.60±16.37 b
	N450	6829.75±442.84 ab	26.74±3.72 a	2641.43±263.05 b	140.40±10.78 b
2019	N0	7248.78±1112.36 a	20.90±1.04 b	1960.07±445.54 a	97.10±17.91 a
	N75	7915.81±664.66 a	19.47±1.63 ab	2423.49±316.84 ab	129.32±17.69 ab
	N150	7715.23±585.36 a	18.33±1.10 a	2545.77±126.49 b	148.10±13.08 b
	N225	7466.09±750.31 a	18.20±0.44 a	2455.83±112.38 ab	142.19±19.16 b
	N300	8358.97±872.92 a	19.57±0.72 ab	2593.18±350.69 b	159.20±29.95 b
	N450	7485.30±746.40 a	19.83±1.40 ab	2336.11±224.37 ab	149.83±20.74 b

Table 3

Fig. 1

Table 4

Fig. 2

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时期 Period	降水量Precipitation
时期 Period	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	平均Average
5月May	32.0	20.2	15.0	48.6	0.6	27.8
6月June	15.5	61.9	70.8	54.3	45.8	52.3
7月July	74.4	256.6	143.1	143.5	45.6	119.1
8月August	67.6	137.5	124.2	77.2	48.8	83.2
9月September	68.1	19.8	3.4	56.8	73.4	69.3
生育期Total growth period	257.6	496.0	356.5	380.4	214.2	351.7

年份 Year	品种名称 Variety	生育期 Growth period (d)	来源 Origin	种植密度 Planting density (×10⁴ plant hm^-2)
2015	晋杂34号 Jinza 34	132	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences	18.0
2016	辽杂27号 Liaoza 27	110	辽宁省农业科学院 Liaoning Academy of Agriculture Sciences	13.5
2017	晋饲2号 Jinsi 2	125	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences	16.5
2018	晋糯3号 Jinnuo 3	120	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences	12.0
2019	汾酒粱1号 Fenjiuliang 1	127	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences	18.0

处理 Treatment	氮肥施入量 N fertilization (kg hm^-2)	氮素积累 N accumulation (kg hm^-2)	氮肥利用率 NFUE (%)	氮肥农学效率 NAE (kg kg^-1)	氮素表观回收率 NARR (%)
N0	0	587.45 a	—	—	—
N75	375	823.72 b	63.01 d	14.19 d	219.66 e
N150	750	854.60 bc	35.62 c	6.63 c	113.95 d
N225	1125	840.24 bc	22.47 b	3.94 b	74.69 c
N300	1500	883.90 cd	19.76 ab	2.68 ab	58.92 b
N450	2250	912.18 d	14.43 a	1.57 a	40.54 a

Effects of long-term nitrogen fertilization with different levels on sorghum grain yield, nitrogen use characteristics and soil nitrate distribution

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[12]	WANG Jin-Song,JIAO Xiao-Yan,DING Yu-Chuan,DONG Er-Wei,BAI Wei-Bin,WANG Li-Ge,WU Ai-Lian. Response of Nutrient Uptake, Yield and Quality to Nutrition of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Grain Sorghum [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41(08): 1269-1278.
[13]	WANG Rui,ZHANG Fu-Yao,CHENG Qing-Jun,TIAN Cheng-Hua,LING Liang. Establishment of 20 Sorghum Hybrids Fingerprints Using SSR Fluorescent Marker [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41(04): 658-665.
[14]	MA Qiang,DUN Bao-Qing,XI Ya-Jun,WANG Zhi,CHEN Chao-Ru,LU Ming,LI Gui-Ying. Effects of Alkali Treatment on Component and Structure and Enzyme Saccharifying Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum Bagasse [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(09): 1604-1611.
[15]	LU Xiao-Ping,LIU Dan-Dan,WANG Shu-Yan,MI Fu-Gui,HAN Ping-An,Lü Er-Suo. Genetic Effects and Heterosis Prediction Model of Sorghum bicolor × S.sudanense Grass [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(03): 466-475.