中国不同省(市、自治区)糯高粱籽粒酚类物质含量差异分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14161

Abstract

Abstract:

To comprehensively evaluate the relationship between the contents of phenolic compounds in waxy sorghum grains, the color of grains, and the source of origin in the main sorghum producing areas in China, in this study, the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannin and condensed tannin in 92 waxy sorghum varieties from 15 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method, NaNO₂-Al(NO₃)₃-NaOH method, GB/T 15686 method, and vanillin-hydrochloric acid method. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannin, and condensed tannin in different waxy sorghum varieties. The coefficient of variation ranged from 44.68% (tannin) to 79.37% (condensed tannin) and the average values were 1.25%, 1.61%, 1.41%, and 0.50%, respectively. The contents of the four phenols were consistent with the intensity of the grain color (orange-yellow > yellow > brown > red > white). There were significant differences in the contents of four phenols in waxy sorghum grains from different provinces at P < 0.05. Among them, the contents of four phenols in waxy sorghum grains in Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, and Sichuan located in southern and southwestern China were high, and the four phenols in the waxy sorghum varieties from the four areas of Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, and Shandong located in northeastern China were low. The cumulative variance contribution of the first 3 principal components of principal component analysis reached 91.60%, among which Guangxi waxy sorghum (00013082) performed well in comprehensive traits. The contents of phenolic compounds in the core collection of waxy sorghum in China were relatively rich and there were obvious regional differences.

Key words: waxy sorghum, phenolic compound grain, core collection

WANG Qian, LIU Shao-Xiong, CHAI Xiao-Jiao, LI Hai, ZHANG Fen, LU Ping, WANG Rui-Yun, LIU Min-Xuan. Content diversity of phenolic compounds of waxy sorghum grains in different provinces, cities, and autonomous regions of China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(10): 2505-2516.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Information of 92 waxy sorghum samples"

序号 Number	统一编号 Unicode	品种名称 Name of varieties	来源 Origin	颖壳色 Glume color	粒色 Grain color
1	00000128	白黏高粱 Bainiangaoliang	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	黑 Black	白 White
2	00002783	河黏 Henian	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	褐 Brown	白 White
3	00002945	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	褐 Brown	褐 Brown
4	00000184	红壳黏 Hongkenian	辽宁 Liaoning	红 Red	褐 Brown
5	00000253	黄壳白黏跷脚 Huangkebainianqiaojiao	辽宁 Liaoning	黄 Yellow	白 White
6	00000282	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	辽宁 Liaoning	黑 Black	褐 Brown
7	00000380	黏搭拉缨子 Niandalayingzi	辽宁 Liaoning	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow
8	00003242	白色黏高粱 Baiseniangaoliang	辽宁 Liaoning	黄 Yellow	白 White
9	00003510	黄黏高粱 Huangniangaoliang	辽宁 Liaoning	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow
10	00007444	马尾黏 Maweinian	辽宁 Liaoning	黄 Yellow	褐 Brown
11	00000492	小黏白高粱 Xiaonianbaigaoliang	河北 Hebei	黑 Black	白 White
12	00000845	黄黏高粱 Huangniangaoliang	河北 Hebei	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow
13	00001211	小红黏高粱 Xiaohongniangaoliang	河北 Hebei	红 Red	红 Red
14	00001478	红矮种黏 Hongaizhongnian	河北 Hebei	红 Red	红 Red
15	00001593	黄壳黏 Huangkenian	河北 Hebei	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow
16	00000562	白软高粱 Bairuangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黄 Yellow	白 White
17	00000906	黑壳软高粱 Heikeruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黑 Black	黄 Yellow
18	00001929	丈八千软高粱 Zhangbaqianruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	橙黄 Orange
19	00001941	牛尾巴软高粱 Niuweibaruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	红 Red
20	00001992	白软高粱 Bairuangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow
21	00001993	白软高粱 Bairuangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黄 Yellow	白 White
22	00002054	红软高粱 Hongruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	红 Red
23	00002056	红软茭 Hongruanjiao	山西 Shanxi	黑 Black	红 Red
24	00002169	软高粱 Ruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黄 Yellow	白 White
25	00002171	软高粱 Ruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow
26	00002172	软高粱 Ruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黄 Yellow	红 Red
27	00002174	软高粱 Ruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黄 Yellow	白 White
28	00002175	软高粱 Ruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黄 Yellow	白 White
29	00002211	蚂蚁黏茭 Mayinianjiao	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	红 Red
30	00002330	黄米黏茭 Huangminianjiao	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	红 Red
31	00002331	黄米黏茭 Huangminianjiao	山西 Shanxi	黄 Yellow	橙黄 Orange
32	00002345	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	黄 Yellow
33	00002346	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	红 Red
34	00002377	黑壳白黏高粱 Heikebainiangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	黄 Yellow
序号 Number	统一编号 Unicode	品种名称 Name of varieties	来源 Origin	颖壳色 Glume color	粒色 Grain color
35	00007815	二黏义 Ernianyi	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	红 Red
36	00007913	白软高粱 Bairuangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	白 White
37	00007918	白软高粱 Bairuangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	红 Red
38	00007919	白软茭 Bairuanjiao	山西 Shanxi	紫 Purple	白 White
39	00007965	红软高粱 Hongruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	红 Red	红 Red
40	00008047	软高粱 Ruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黄 Yellow	红 Red
41	00008052	软高粱 Ruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	紫 Purple	红 Red
42	00008181	黑软高粱 Heiruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黑 Black	红 Red
43	00008188	黑秆软高粱 Heiganruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	黑 Black	红 Red
44	00008204	糯米14 Nuomi 14	山西 Shanxi	紫 Purple	红 Red
45	00011952	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	四川 Sichuan	红 Red	黄 Yellow
46	00012991	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	四川 Sichuan	褐 Brown	褐 Brown
47	00013293	糯红高粱 Nuohonggaoliang	江西 Jiangxi	红 Red	橙黄 Orange
48	00013386	毫羊线 Haoyangxian	江西 Jiangxi	黄 Yellow	橙黄 Orange
49	00013418	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	江西 Jiangxi	黑 Black	橙黄 Orange
50	00013419	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	江西 Jiangxi	红 Red	黄 Yellow
51	00013425	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	江西 Jiangxi	红 Red	橙黄 Orange
52	00013429	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	江西 Jiangxi	红 Red	黄 Yellow
53	00013450	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	江西 Jiangxi	黄 Yellow	橙黄 Orange
54	00001010	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	贵州 Guizhou	黑 Black	黄 Yellow
55	00013130	黄糯高粱 Huangnuogaoliang	贵州 Guizhou	褐 Brown	橙黄 Orange
56	00014735	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	贵州 Guizhou	红 Red	褐 Brown
57	00014745	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	贵州 Guizhou	红 Red	褐 Brown
58	00014754	红壳糯 Hongkenuo	贵州 Guizhou	红 Red	褐 Brown
59	00001088	红黏高粱 Hongniangaoliang	北京 Beijing	红 Red	红 Red
60	00001107	黄壳黏 Huangkenian	北京 Beijing	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow
61	00001109	黄黏 Huangnian	北京 Beijing	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow
62	00001113	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	北京 Beijing	黄 Yellow	红 Red
63	00007041	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	湖北 Hubei	红 Red	红 Red
64	00009121	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	湖北 Hubei	紫 Purple	红 Red
65	00011614	黄糯高粱 Huangnuogaoliang	湖北 Hubei	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow
66	00009819	软高粱 Ruangaoliang	陕西 Shaanxi	紫 Purple	红 Red
67	00009871	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	陕西 Shaanxi	红 Red	黄 Yellow
68	00009905	矮脚黄糯 Aijiaohuangnuo	陕西 Shaanxi	红 Red	红 Red
69	00009928	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	陕西 Shaanxi	紫 Purple	红 Red
70	00010386	白软高粱 Bairuangaoliang	陕西 Shaanxi	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow
71	00010389	红软高粱 Hongruangaoliang	陕西 Shaanxi	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow
72	00010390	红糯高粱 Hongnuogaoliang	陕西 Shaanxi	红 Red	黄 Yellow
73	00010401	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	陕西 Shaanxi	红 Red	红 Red
74	00010000	白糯高粱 Bainuogaoliang	云南 Yunnan	紫 Purple	褐 Brown
75	00010050	黑糯高粱 Heinuogaoliang	云南 Yunnan	黑 Black	黄 Yellow
76	00010061	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	云南 Yunnan	红 Red	褐 Brown
77	00010068	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	云南 Yunnan	红 Red	黄 Yellow
78	00010070	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	云南Yunnan	紫 Purple	褐 Brown
79	00010072	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	云南 Yunnan	紫 Purple	红 Red
序号 Number	统一编号 Unicode	品种名称 Name of varieties	来源 Origin	颖壳色 Glume color	粒色 Grain color
80	00010073	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	云南 Yunnan	紫 Purple	褐 Brown
81	00012056	黄红糯高粱 Huanghongnuogaoliang	云南 Yunnan	紫 Purple	褐 Brown
82	00012075	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	云南 Yunnan	黑 Black	褐 Brown
83	00013082	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	广西 Guangxi	褐 Brown	红 Red
84	00013083	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	广西 Guangxi	褐 Brown	褐 Brown
85	00005749	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	山东 Shandong	紫 Purple	褐 Brown
86	00008998	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	山东 Shandong	黑 Black	红 Red
87	00008664	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	红 Red	褐 Brown
88	00008665	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	红 Red	褐 Brown
89	00008667	黏矮高粱 Nianaigaoliang	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	红 Red	褐 Brown
90	00014272	黄壳黏 Huangkenian	吉林 Jilin	褐 Brown	橙黄 Orange
91	00014276	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	吉林 Jilin	红 Red	褐 Brown
92	00014328	红黏高粱 Hongniangaoliang	吉林 Jilin	紫 Purple	褐 Brown

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Table 4

Distribution of the contents of four phenols in waxy sorghum grains in different provinces"

来源 Origin	份数 Copies	多酚含量 Content of polyphenols (%)			黄酮含量 Content of flavonels (%)			单宁含量 Content of tanninls (%)			缩合单宁含量 Content of condensed tannins (%)
来源 Origin	份数 Copies	极小值Min.	极大值Max.	平均值 Mean	极小值Min.	极大值 Max.	平均值 Mean	极小值Min.	极大值 Max.	平均值 Mean	极小值Min.	极大值Max.	平均值 Mean
黑龙江Heilongjiang	3	1.02	1.94	1.44+0.47 ab	1.18	2.26	1.69+0.54 ab	1.04	1.95	1.41+0.48 ab	0.72	0.96	0.81+0.12 b
辽宁Liaoning	7	0.35	2.21	0.98+0.66 b	0.06	2.18	0.83+0.91 b	0.59	1.38	1.02+0.33 b	ND	0.98	0.31+0.44 b
吉林Jilin	3	1.22	1.98	1.68+0.41 ab	2.04	3.16	2.52+0.57 ab	1.17	1.88	1.56+0.36 ab	0.86	1.22	1.04+0.18 ab
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	3	0.31	1.03	0.65+0.36 b	0.09	2.13	1.35+1.10 ab	0.77	1.39	1.14+0.33 b	ND	1.02	0.39+0.55 b
北京Beijing	4	1.07	1.56	1.37+0.23 ab	0.31	2.70	1.47+0.98 ab	0.55	1.88	1.17+0.55 b	ND	0.72	0.37+0.36 b
河北Hebei	5	0.50	1.65	1.16+0.49 b	0.44	2.47	1.85+0.81 ab	0.86	2.27	1.56+0.55 ab	ND	1.18	0.61+0.44 b
山东Shandong	2	0.60	1.27	0.93+0.47 b	0.78	1.31	1.04+0.37 ab	1.14	1.33	1.24+0.14 b	0.18	0.52	0.35+0.24 b
山西Shanxi	29	0.33	2.74	0.92+0.53 b	0.07	2.48	1.10+0.68 ab	0.20	2.39	1.08+0.44 b	ND	0.96	0.33+0.31 b
陕西Shaanxi	8	1.03	2.50	1.64+0.56 ab	1.51	2.45	2.06+0.33 ab	1.04	2.44	1.71+0.51 ab	0.19	1.95	0.88+0.62 b
湖北Hubei	3	1.61	2.09	1.83+0.24 ab	1.35	1.91	1.65+0.29 ab	1.54	2.09	1.77+0.28 ab	0.86	1.16	1.03+0.15 ab
江西Jiangxi	7	1.34	2.36	1.78+0.38 ab	2.19	3.87	2.71+0.61 a	1.54	3.25	2.25+0.58 ab	0.39	1.62	0.98+0.39 ab
贵州Guizhou	5	0.82	2.44	1.49+0.72 ab	1.34	3.48	2.34+0.86 ab	0.90	3.03	1.58+0.84 ab	0.66	2.00	1.03+0.15 ab
四川Sichuan	2	1.24	1.69	1.46+0.32 ab	1.44	2.11	1.78+0.47 ab	1.73	2.95	2.34+0.86 ab	0.90	1.35	1.12+0.32 ab
广西Guangxi	2	1.56	3.47	2.51+1.35 a	1.55	3.19	2.37+1.16 ab	2.34	2.85	2.60+0.36 a	1.80	2.05	1.93+0.18 a
云南Yunnan	9	0.71	1.72	1.21+0.61 ab	0.31	2.91	1.64+0.74 ab	0.09	2.41	1.32+0.64 ab	0.01	1.21	0.63+0.51 b

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 2

Table 6

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色 Seed color	份数Number	多酚含量 Contents of polyphenols (%)			黄酮含量 Contents of flavones (%)			单宁含量 Contents of tannins (%)			缩合单宁含量 Contents of condensed tannins (%)
色 Seed color	份数Number	含量范围 Range of contents	平均值 Mean	变异系数CV(%)	含量范围 Range of contents	平均值 Mean	变异系数CV(%)	含量范围 Range of contents	平均值 Mean	变异系数CV(%)	含量范围 Range of contents	平均值 Mean	变异系数CV(%)
白色 White	12	0.31-0.60	0.43	19.30	0.09-2.13	0.79	94.79	0.60-1.77	1.03	36.19	ND-1.02	0.21	175.91
橙黄色 Orange	9	0.89-2.36	1.63	29.30	1.19-3.48	2.35	29.78	1.00-3.25	2.29	32.86	0.39-2.00	0.97	46.46
黄色 Yellow	22	0.55-3.47	1.39	52.68	0.07-3.87	1.81	44.04	0.09-2.85	1.48	47.19	0.01-2.05	0.81	76.57
红色 Red	28	0.59-2.74	1.29	35.43	0.07-3.19	1.48	53.69	0.20-2.41	1.28	39.61	ND-1.80	0.51	82.27
褐色 Brown	21	0.60-2.44	1.35	37.36	0.06-3.16	1.63	50.89	0.74-2.27	1.37	27.91	ND-1.22	0.67	53.41

指标 Index	主成分Principal component
指标 Index	第1主成分 PC1	第2主成分 PC2	第3主成分 PC3	第4主成分 PC4
多酚含量 Content of polyphenols	0.499	0.239	0.824	0.124
黄酮含量 Content of flavones	0.489	0.716	-0.493	-0.067
单宁含量 Content of tannins	0.505	-0.469	-0.271	0.672
缩合单宁含量 Content of condensed tannins	0.507	-0.459	-0.065	-0.727
特征值 Eigenvalues	2.8374	0.4396	0.3886	0.3344
方差贡献率 Variance contribution (%)	70.90	11.00	9.70	8.40
累积方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution (%)	70.90	81.90	91.60	100.00

Content diversity of phenolic compounds of waxy sorghum grains in different provinces, cities, and autonomous regions of China

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功能成分 Functional component	极小值 Minimum	极大值 Maximum	变异范围 Range of variation	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV
多酚Polyphenol	0.31	3.47	3.16	1.25	0.61	48.80
黄酮Flavone	0.06	3.87	3.81	1.61	0.87	54.04
单宁Tannin	0.09	3.25	3.16	1.41	0.63	44.68
缩合单宁Condensed tannin	ND	2.05	2.05	0.63	0.50	79.37

酚类物质 Phenolic compound	排名 Ranking	统一编号 Unicode	编号 Number	品种名称 Varieties name	来源 Origin	含量 Content (%)
多酚 Polyphenol	1	00013082	83	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	广西 Guangxi	3.47
	2	00002175	28	软高粱 Ruangaoliang	山西 Shanxi	2.74
	3	00010390	72	红糯高粱 Hongnuogaoliang	陕西 Shaanxi	2.50
	4	00014754	58	红壳糯 Hongkenuo	贵州 Guizhou	2.44
	5	00010389	71	红软高粱 Hongruangaoliang	陕西 Shaanxi	2.39
酚类物质 Phenolic compound	排名 Ranking	统一编号 Unicode	编号 Number	品种名称 Varieties name	来源 Origin	含量 Content (%)
黄酮 Flavone	1	00013419	50	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	江西 Jiangxi	3.87
	2	00013130	55	黄糯高粱 Huangnuogaoliang	贵州 Guizhou	3.48
	3	00013429	52	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	江西 Jiangxi	3.21
	4	00013083	84	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	广西 Guangxi	3.19
	5	00014272	90	黄壳黏 Huangkenian	吉林 Jilin	3.16
单宁 Tannin	1	00013418	49	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	江西 Jiangxi	3.25
	2	00013130	55	黄糯高粱 Huangnuogaoliang	贵州 Guizhou	3.03
	3	00012991	46	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	四川 Sichuan	2.95
	4	00013082	83	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	广西 Guangxi	2.85
	5	00013450	53	黏高粱 Niangaoliang	江西 Jiangxi	2.50
缩合单宁 Condensed tannin	1	00013082	83	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	广西 Guangxi	2.05
	2	00013130	55	黄糯高粱 Huangnuogaoliang	贵州 Guizhou	2.00
	3	00010390	72	红糯高粱 Hongnuogaoliang	陕西 Shaanxi	1.95
	4	00013083	84	糯高粱 Nuogaoliang	广西 Guangxi	1.80
	5	00010389	71	红软高粱 Hongruangaoliang	陕西 Shaanxi	1.73

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