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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 1544-1553.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.93002

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis of differences in summer maize yield and fertilizer use efficiency under different cultivation managements

WANG Hong-Zhang,LIU Peng(),JIA Xu-Cun,LI Jing,REN Hao,DONG Shu-Ting,ZHANG Ji-Wang,ZHAO Bin   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-01-22 Accepted:2019-05-12 Online:2019-10-12 Published:2019-09-10
  • Contact: Peng LIU E-mail:liupengsdau@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0300106);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771713);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371576);the Shandong Modern Agricultural Industry Technical System Project(SDAIT02-08)

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Abstract:

Our study was conducted in Tai’an, Zibo, and Yantai city from 2017 to 2018. According to the production research and experience of high-yield summer maize, three cultivation modes simulating super-high production level (SH), high production and high-efficiency production level (HH), and farmer production level (FP) were comprehensively set up in the same plot. The fertilizer blanks were applied with no nitrogen (SHN0, HHN0, FPN0), no phosphorus (SHP0, HHP0, FPP0), and no potassium (SHK0, HHK0, FPK0). Quantitative analysis of the yield gap and fertilizer utilization efficiency gap under different yield levels was carried out to explore the factors affecting yield gap and efficiency gap, and the way to reduce the gap and improve the efficiency. The grain yields of SH, HH, and FP of summer maize in Shandong province were realized 68.13%, 63.71%, and 53.22% of the potential yield of light and temperature. The fertilizer utilization efficiency decreased with the enlarged yield gap. The agronomic utilization rates of N, P and K fertilizers in FP were 4.23, 5.83, and 4.94 kg kg -1, respectively. The N, P, and K fertilizer utilization efficiencies of FP were 4.23, 5.83, and 4.94 kg kg -1, and those of SH were 3.84, 4.64, and 2.97 kg kg -1, respectively. After optimizing the cultivation measures, the high-yield and high-efficiency management mode increased the fertilizer utilization efficiency of N, P, and K by 67.07%, 101.35%, and 57.65%, respectively, and the output by 10.49%, as compared with FP. It is an effective technical way to achieve the synergistic improvement of yield and fertilizer use efficiency. The yield performance analysis of summer maize yields showed that with the increase of yield level, the mean leaf area index and the number of panicles per unit area increased significantly, while the number of kernels per panicle, average net assimilation rate and grain weight decreased. At the same time, with the increase of yield level, the accumulation ratio of biomass and N, P, and K uptake decreased in pre-silking stage, and increased in post-silking stage. Therefore, under the condition of keeping functional parameters unchanged on the existing basis, optimizing structural parameters is an effective measure for current yield and efficiency increase, and with the increase of yield, more attention should be paid to structural optimization in post-silking stage.

Key words: summer maize, yield gap, fertilizer utilization

Table 1

Growth stage and meteorological factors during the experiment"

年份
Year		 地点
Site		 播种日期
Sowing date
(month/day)		 收获日期
Harvest date
(month/day)		 生育期天数
Total days
(d)		 ≥10℃有效积温
Accumulated
temperature
(℃)		 光合有效辐射量
Radiation
(MJ m-2)		 降雨量
Rainfall
(mm)
2017 泰安Tai’an 6/12 10/06 116 1788.8 1102.8 427.5
淄博Zibo 6/12 9/29 109 1778.9 991.5 244.4
烟台Yantai 6/20 10/06 108 1722.5 1067.4 420.8
2018 泰安Tai’an 6/12 10/06 116 1833.3 1175.8 515.4
淄博Zibo 6/13 10/01 110 1875.6 1165.2 632.8
烟台Yantai 6/20 10/08 110 1742.5 1177.5 449.1

Table 2

Plant density and application of fertilizer in different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 种植密度
Plant
density
(plant hm-2)		 目标产量
Target yield
(kg hm-2)		 肥料种类
Fertilizer		 用量
Rate
(kg hm-2)		 比例 Percentage
播种期
Sowing		 大喇叭口期
Bell stage		 开花期
Flowering stage		 乳熟期
Milking stage
SH 82500 18000 有机肥OF 7500 100% — — —
N 540 30%PU+10%U 30%U 20%U 10%U
P2O5 180 100% — — —
K2O 360 75% — 25% —
HH 82500 15000 有机肥OF 7500 100%
N 375 30%PU+10%U 30%U 20%U 10%U
P2O5 150 100% — — —
K2O 300 75% — 25% —
FP 67500 — N 208.5 100% — — —
P2O5 120 100% — — —
K2O 112.5 100% — — —

Table 3

Yield and yield gap at different yield levels"

年份
Year		 地点
Site		 产量 Yield (t hm-2) 产量差 Yield gap (%)
YRT YSH YHH YFP YGI YGII YGIII
2017 泰安Tai’an 17.71 12.30 a 11.30 b 9.97 c 30.55 36.19 43.70
淄博Zibo 16.78 12.07 a 11.42 b 9.80 c 28.07 31.94 41.60
烟台Yantai 15.84 11.99 a 11.91 a 9.85 b 24.31 24.81 37.82
2018 泰安Tai’an 19.06 12.53 a 11.33 b 8.75 c 34.26 40.56 54.09
淄博Zibo 20.25 12.34 a 11.29 b 9.41 c 39.06 44.25 53.53
烟台Yantai 19.09 12.41 a 11.46 b 9.56 c 34.99 39.97 49.92
平均Average 18.12 12.27 a 11.45 b 9.56 c 31.87 36.29 46.78

Fig. 1

Biomass of summer maize at different yield levels SH: super-high production level; HH: high production and high-efficiency production level; FP: farmer production level."

Fig. 2

Relationship of biomass percentage between per-silking and post-silking with yield under different yield levels Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 4

Differences in parameters of yield performance equation of summer maize under different yield levels"

年份
Year		 产量水平
Yield level		 结构性参数Structural parameter 功能性参数Functional parameter
MLAI EN
(×104 hm-2)		 GN MNAR
(g m-2 d-1)		 HI GW
(g)
2017 SH 3.69 a 7.93 a 501.30 b 6.69 b 0.51 a 370.16 b
HH 3.51 b 7.61 a 502.97 b 6.77 b 0.51 a 366.66 b
FP 3.00 c 6.76 b 557.40 a 8.38 a 0.50 a 383.32 a
2018 SH 3.47 a 7.84 a 524.40 b 7.23 b 0.53 a 371.36 a
HH 3.28 b 7.46 a 506.00 c 6.92 c 0.53 a 370.52 a
FP 3.01 c 6.44 b 563.47 a 7.49 a 0.53 a 379.31 a
平均
Average		 SH 3.45 7.93 516.20 7.85 0.51 377.38
HH 3.23 7.57 507.50 7.72 0.52 377.76
FP 2.94 6.64 562.57 8.88 0.50 383.86

Fig. 3

N, P, K uptake of summer maize under different yield levels Bars superscripted by different small letters are significantly different between treatments at P < 0.05. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 4

Fertilizer use efficiency of summer maize at different yield levels Bars superscripted by different small letters are significantly different between treatments at P < 0.05. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 5

Relationship between yield of summer maize and fertilizer use efficiency under different yield levels Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

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