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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1755-1763.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01755

• SPECIAL SECTION: GRAIN DEHYDRATION AND MECHANICAL GRAIN HARVEST OF MAIZE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Relationship between Grain Dehydration and Meteorological Factors in the Yellow-Huai-Hai Rivers Summer Maize

Shang GAO,Bo MING,Lu-Lu LI,Rui-Zhi XIE,Jun XUE,Peng HOU,Ke-Ru WANG(),Shao-Kun LI()   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-06-09 Accepted:2018-08-20 Online:2018-12-12 Published:2018-09-19
  • Contact: Ke-Ru WANG,Shao-Kun LI E-mail:wkeru01@163.com;lishaokun@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300101);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371575);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-25);the Innovation Project of Agricultural Science and Technology at Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

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Abstract:

There is a close relationship between maize grain dehydration and meteorological factors. Clarifying main meteorological factors and their influence on grain dehydration can better predict the dynamics of grain moisture content, and the rationally arrange the time of maize grain harvesting. The study was conducted in Xinxiang, Henan province from 2015 to 2017. Four main maize varieties Jingnongke 728 (JNK728), Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), Xianyu 335 (XY335), and Nonghua 816 (NH816) currently planted in local production were selected to continuously measure the changes of maize grain moisture content. The logistic power model was used for fitting the process of grain dehydration and the removing trend method was used for analysing the results. The actual moisture content of maize grain was divided into trend moisture content, meteorological moisture content, and random error. The relationship between meteorological moisture content and meteorological factors in the Yellow-Huai-Hai Rivers area was clarified. The main meteorological factors affecting grain dehydration before and after physiological maturity of maize grain were screened out stepwise regression and path analysis methods. The meteorological moisture content of maize grain had significant or extremely significant correlation with most meteorological factors which were average temperature (x1), average wind speed (x5) and evaporation (x11) selected before physiological maturity, and the average temperature (x1) and the average relative humidity (x7) selected after the physiological maturity. The evaporation most contributed before the physiological maturity, while temperature and wind speed had indirect effect through evaporation. After physiological maturity, temperature and relative humidity were mainly direct effects, and the effect of relative humidity was slightly greater than that of temperature. The removing trend method used in this study is more scientific in both theoretical and practical operations. The results are also more credible and this method is of reference value to other similar researches.

Key words: summer maize, grain dehydration, moisture content, meteorological factors, removing trend analysis

Table 1

Basic meteorological data of Xinxiang from 2015 to 2017"

项目 Item 2015 2016 2017
平均温度Average temperature (℃) 15.593 15.904 16.180
最高温度 Maximum temperature (℃) 20.621 21.000 21.526
最低温度 Minimum temperature (℃) 11.332 11.677 11.604
日生长度 Average growing degree days 8.103 8.495 8.617
气温日较差 Diurnal temperature range (℃) 9.289 9.323 9.922
日降水量 Daily precipitation (mm) 1.541 2.717 1.099
风速 Wind speed (m s-1) 2.049 1.999 2.079
最大风速 Maximum wind speed (m s-1) 4.735 4.622 4.689
相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) 61.071 60.232 59.800
日照时数 Sunshine hours (h) 5.275 5.572 6.104
无霜期天数 Frostless season days (d) 256 254 260
无霜期起始日期 Start date of frostless season 2015/3/11 2016/3/12 2017/3/3
无霜期结束日期 End date of frostless season 2015/11/22 2016/11/21 2017/11/18
大于0℃积温 Over 0℃ accumulated temperature (℃) 5710.8 5868.2 5911.7
大于10℃积温 Over 10℃ accumulated temperature (℃) 2786.3 2913.6 2958.9
总生长度 Total growing degree days 2957.5 3109.3 3145.05
累积降水量 Cumulative precipitation (mm) 562.4 994.3 401.1
累积日照时数Cumulative sunshine hours (h) 1925.5 2039.5 2228

Fig. 1

Partial meteorological data during the sampling period of maize"

Fig. 2

Relationship between accumulated temperature after pollination and grain moisture content of different maize varieties JNK728: Jingnongke 728; ZD958: Zhengdan 958; XY335: Xianyu 335; NH816: Nonghua 816."

Fig. 3

Relationship between meteorological-moisture content and accumulated temperature after pollination of different maize varieties The name of the varieties are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Table 2

Correlation coefficients between meteorological-moisture content and meteorological factors at different stages"

气象因子
Meteorological factor		 生理成熟前
Before physiological maturity		 生理成熟后
After physiological maturity		 全生育期
Full growth period
平均温度x1 -0.5668** 0.4514** 0.2473**
最高温度x2 -0.5308** 0.3687** 0.2041**
最低温度x3 -0.5438** 0.4969** 0.2771**
气温日较差x4 -0.0569 -0.2952** -0.2264**
平均风速x5 -0.1854 -0.3103** -0.2331**
最大风速x6 -0.1600 -0.3952** -0.2959**
平均相对湿度x7 0.0835 0.5709** 0.4146**
最小相对湿度x8 0.0422 0.5248** 0.3498**
日照时数x9 -0.2274* -0.2132* -0.1624*
太阳辐射x10 -0.4143** 0.0508 -0.0004
蒸发量x11 -0.5743** 0.2213* 0.0733

Table 3

Stepwise regression results of meteorological-moisture content and meteorological factors"

方程Equation R2
生理成熟前 Before physiological maturity y=0.37494x1+5.55477x5-4.94533x11+2.97332 0.4650**
生理成熟后 After physiological maturity y=0.13915x1+10.82154x7-9.41603 0.3845**
全生育期 Full growth period y= -0.86465x5+9.30528x7-4.75623 0.1884**

Table 4

Path analysis of meteorological-moisture content and meteorological factors"

自变量
Independent variable		 相关系数ri
Correlation coefficient		 直接作用
Pi
Direct action		 间接作用
Indirect effect
生理成熟前 总和Total x1 x5 x11
Before physiological maturity x1 -0.5668 0.58472 -1.15149 0.08007 -1.23155
x5 -0.1854 0.99096 -1.17629 0.047245 -1.22353
x11 -0.5743 -1.7067 1.132353 0.421934 0.710419
生理成熟后 总和Total x1 x7
After physiological maturity x1 0.4514 0.26433 0.187076 0.187076
x7 0.5709 0.46444 0.106472 0.106472
全生育期 总和Total x5 x7
Full growth period x5 -0.2331 -0.133 -0.10009 -0.10009
x7 0.4146 0.37956 0.035072 0.035072

Table 5

Coefficient of determination of meteorological-moisture content and total contribution of R2 to meteorological factors"

生理成熟前 Before physiological maturity 生理成熟后 After physiological maturity 全生育期 Full growth period
决定系数
Coefficient		 R2贡献度
Contribution		 决定系数
Coefficient		 R2贡献度
Contribution		 决定系数
Coefficient		 R2贡献度
Contribution
d1 0.341897 r1·P1 -0.33142 d1 0.06987 r1·P1 0.119319 d5 0.017689 r5·P5 0.031002
d5 0.982002 r5·P5 -0.18372 d7 0.215705 r7·P7 0.265149 d7 0.144066 r7·P7 0.157366
d11 2.912825 r11·P11 0.980158 de 0.615533 de 0.811632
de 0.534985 d1,7 0.0989 d5,7 0.026624
d1,5 0.093637
d1,11 -1.44023
d5,11 -2.42494
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