辽河流域玉米籽粒脱水特点及适宜收获期分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83062

Abstract

Abstract:

Liao River Basin (LRB) is located in the south of the northeast China, mainly planting spring maize. The technology of grain mechanical harvesting is promoted based on the better thermal resources in LRB, but it is impeded by the higher grain moisture at harvest, higher grain broken rate and higher yield loss rate. In order to solve problem, characteristics of grain dehydration of main cultivars need to be researched and the suitable harvesting time ought to be determined based on the thermal resources. The study was aimed at selecting suitable cultivars and evaluating the quality of grain mechanical harvesting. In 2017, the 29 maize cultivars with different maturity periods were weed to investigate grain dehydration dynamics in Kailu county and Tieling county. On the basis of the analysis results of sowing date of perennial spring maize in the basin, growth and development of different varieties, demand of grain dehydration accumulated temperature and historical meteorological data, the prediction method of suitable mechanical grain harvest period for different varieties was established in LRB. Logistic Power model was used to match the dynamic process of grain dehydration of spring maize. There was a significant linear relationship between the actual grain moisture at harvest and the simulated grain moisture (R ²= 0.916, RMSE = 1.217), showing an excellent regional adaptability of this model. Using four cultivars suitable for grain mechanical harvest in 2017 national trial and two main cultivars grown in LRB, distribution regulations of the suitable harvest period were clarified. Among the four cultivars, the actively accumulated temperature requirements of Deyu 919 and Jingnongke 728 were less than 3122°C d from sowing to the stage with grain moisture reducing to 25%, showing that the better period of grain mechanical harvest was in the middle and late September in most parts of LRB. While the other two cultivars of Zeyu 8911 and Jidan66 had accumulated temperature requirements 3400°C d, and suitable harvest period in early October which was roughly 10-20 days behind there of the two former cultivars. As less than for the two main cultivars—Liaodan 575 and Jingke 968, their requirements of accumulated temperature were 200°C d more than there of Zeyu 8911 and Jidan66, which is difficult to achieve a high-quality mechanical grain harvesting at normal time. The research verified the application accuracy of the predicting model of grain moisture established based on Logistic Power model. Comparing the changes of grain moisture content, the accumulated temperature requirements to maturity and dehydration, and spatial distribution regulations of suitable period of grain mechanical harvesting between national trial cultivars and local main cultivars, and updating the existing cultivars and helpful to achieve high-quality mechanical grain harvesting in the LRB.

Key words: Liao River Basin, maize, grain dehydration dynamic, mechanical grain harvesting, grain harvesting period

Zhao-Fu HUANG,Bo MING,Ke-Ru WANG,Rui-Zhi XIE,Fei YANG,Zhi-Gang WANG,Chun-Hua XIAO,Shao-Kun LI. Characteristics of maize grain dehydration and prediction of suitable harvest period in Liao River Basin[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(6): 922-931.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Parameters of water content-accumulated temperature equation of different cultivars"

品种 Hybrid	地点 Location	b	c	R²	样本量 n
ND865	开鲁 Kailu	1265.97	2.25	0.98	19
泽玉501 Zeyu 501	开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling	1093.89	1.66	0.98	18
世宾388 Shibin 388	开鲁 Kailu	1087.05	1.82	0.99	19
德丰88 Defeng 88	开鲁 Kailu	1085.03	2.27	0.99	19
优迪919 Youdi 919	开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling	1081.16	1.75	0.98	18
中迪710 Zhongdi 710	铁岭 Tieling	1079.05	1.87	0.99	20
东单1331 Dongdan 1331	开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling	1060.52	1.89	0.97	18
S1651	开鲁 Kailu	1053.26	1.73	0.99	19
迪卡159 Dika 159	开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling	1051.99	1.49	0.98	18
金庆Q9 Jinqing Q9	开鲁 Kailu	1049.91	2.11	0.99	19
中迪702 Zhongdi 702	铁岭 Tieling	1040.69	2.17	0.98	20
丹玉311 Danyu 311	铁岭 Tieling	1039.33	1.65	0.97	20
宏硕588 Hongshuo 588	开鲁 Kailu	1025.91	1.85	0.99	19
翔玉998 Xiangyu 998	开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling	1023.58	1.79	0.98	20
陕单636 Shaandan 636	铁岭 Tieling	1018.71	1.90	0.98	20
铁研388 Tieyan 388	铁岭 Tieling	1005.38	1.69	0.97	20
吉单66* Jidan 66*	铁岭 Tieling	1002.67	1.92	0.98	20
宏玉236 Hongyu 236	铁岭 Tieling	1002.67	1.92	0.98	20
丰垦139 Fengken 139	铁岭 Tieling	992.81	2.05	0.98	20
德育919* Deyu 919*	开鲁 Kailu Kailu, Tieling	986.47	2.22	0.99	19
京农科728* Jingnongke 728*	铁岭 Tieling	979.46	1.95	0.99	20
东单507 Dongdan 507	开鲁 Kailu	975.56	1.38	0.98	19
东单913 Dongdan 913	开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling	973.42	1.46	0.98	18
辽单575 Liaodan 575	铁岭 Tieling	966.18	1.59	0.99	20
华美1号 Huamei 1	开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling	957.27	1.78	0.96	18
泽玉8911* Zeyu 8911*	开鲁, 铁岭 Kailu, Tieling	946.40	1.87	0.99	18
金庆202 Jinqing 202	开鲁 Kailu	943.39	1.57	0.96	19
京科968 Jingke 968	铁岭 Tieling	859.91	1.30	0.97	20
金珠58 Jinzhu 58	开鲁 Kailu	845.78	1.69	0.96	19

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

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地点 Location	品种 Hybrid	播种-吐丝所需积温 Accumulated temperature from sowing to silking	吐丝-生理成熟所需积温 Accumulated temperature from silking to physiological maturity	播种-生理成熟所需积温 Accumulated temperature from sowing to physiological maturity
内蒙古通辽市开鲁县 Kailu county, Tongliao city, Inner Mongolia autonomous region	华美1号 Huamei 1	1623.7	1334.5	2938.2
	迪卡159 Dika 159	1646.7	1552.9	3156.6
	东单913 Dongdan 913	1624.6	1350.5	2954.2
	泽玉501 Zeyu 501	1646.7	1520.0	3123.7
	泽玉8911 Zeyu 8911	1646.7	1484.4	3088.1
	东单1331 Dongdan 1331	1720.6	1617.7	3378.4
	优迪919 Youdi 919	1695.8	1611.8	3378.4
	翔玉998 Xiangyu 998	1695.8	1611.8	3378.4
辽宁省铁岭市铁岭县 Tieling county, Tieling city, Liaoning province	华美1号 Huamei 1	1616.9	1331.1	3078.2
	迪卡159 Dika 159	1644.9	1550.2	3306.4
	东单913 Dongdan 913	1644.9	1331.1	3087.2
	泽玉501 Zeyu 501	1673.5	1550.2	3306.4
	泽玉8911 Zeyu 8911	1644.9	1495.3	3251.4
	东单1331 Dongdan 1331	1700.9	1683.3	3439.5
	优迪919 Youdi 919	1700.9	1683.3	3439.5
	翔玉998 Xiangyu 998	1700.9	1683.3	3439.5
区域间 Interregional		ns	ns	ns
不同品种 Different hybrid		*	*	*

品种 Hybrid	播种-出苗 Sowing-Emergence	出苗-吐丝 Emergence-Silking	吐丝-生理成熟 Silking-Physiological maturity	吐丝-含水率25% Silking-25% MC	播种-含水率25%* Sowing-25% MC*
德育919 Deyu 919	237	1366	1351	1519	3122
京科728 Jingke 728	470	1126	1497	1582	3178
泽玉8911 Zeyu 8911	265	1411	1578	1655	3331
吉单66 Jidan 66	310	1395	1662	1651	3356
辽单575 Liaodan 575	379	1419	1655	1760	3558
京科968 Jingke 968	379	1529	1622	1789	3697

Characteristics of maize grain dehydration and prediction of suitable harvest period in Liao River Basin

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地点Location	品种 Hybrid
开鲁	金珠58, 德育919, 金庆202, 华美1号, 迪卡159, 东单913, ND865, 东单507, 泽玉501, S1651, 宏硕588, 泽玉8911, 东单1331, 金庆Q9, 德丰88, 优迪919, 世宾388, 翔玉998
Kailu	Jinzhu 58, Deyu 919, Jinqing 202, Huamei 1, Dika 159, Dongdan 913, ND865, Dongdan 507, Zeyu 501, S1651, Hongshuo 288, Zeyu 8911, Dongdan 1331, Jinqing Q9, Dengfeng 88, Youdi 919, Shibin 388, Xiangyu 998
铁岭	丰垦139, 丹玉311, 铁研388, 宏育236, 吉单66, 泽玉501, 泽玉8911, 陕单636, 东单913, 东单1311, 华美1号, 中迪702, 中迪710, 翔玉998, 优迪919, 迪卡159, 辽单575, 京农科728, 京科968
Tieling	Fengken 139, Danyu 311, Tieyan 388, Hongyu 236, Jidan 66, Zeyu 501, Zeyu 8911, Shaandan 636, Dongdan 913, Dongdan 1331, Huamei 1, Zhongdi 702, Zhongdi 710, Xiangyu 998, Youdi 919, Dika 159, Liaodan 575, Jingnongke 728, Jingke 968

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[3]	CHEN Jing, REN Bai-Zhao, ZHAO Bin, LIU Peng, ZHANG Ji-Wang. Regulation of leaf-spraying glycine betaine on yield formation and antioxidation of summer maize sowed in different dates [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515.
[4]	SHAN Lu-Ying, LI Jun, LI Liang, ZHANG Li, WANG Hao-Qian, GAO Jia-Qi, WU Gang, WU Yu-Hua, ZHANG Xiu-Jie. Development of genetically modified maize (Zea mays L.) NK603 matrix reference materials [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(5): 1059-1070.
[5]	XU Jing, GAO Jing-Yang, LI Cheng-Cheng, SONG Yun-Xia, DONG Chao-Pei, WANG Zhao, LI Yun-Meng, LUAN Yi-Fan, CHEN Jia-Fa, ZHOU Zi-Jian, WU Jian-Yu. Overexpression of ZmCIPKHT enhances heat tolerance in plant [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(4): 851-859.
[6]	LIU Lei, ZHAN Wei-Min, DING Wu-Si, LIU Tong, CUI Lian-Hua, JIANG Liang-Liang, ZHANG Yan-Pei, YANG Jian-Ping. Genetic analysis and molecular characterization of dwarf mutant gad39 in maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(4): 886-895.
[7]	YAN Yu-Ting, SONG Qiu-Lai, YAN Chao, LIU Shuang, ZHANG Yu-Hui, TIAN Jing-Fen, DENG Yu-Xuan, MA Chun-Mei. Nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen substitution effect of maize under straw returning with continuous cropping [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(4): 962-974.
[8]	XU Ning-Kun, LI Bing, CHEN Xiao-Yan, WEI Ya-Kang, LIU Zi-Long, XUE Yong-Kang, CHEN Hong-Yu, WANG Gui-Feng. Genetic analysis and molecular characterization of a novel maize Bt2 gene mutant [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 572-579.
[9]	SONG Shi-Qin, YANG Qing-Long, WANG Dan, LYU Yan-Jie, XU Wen-Hua, WEI Wen-Wen, LIU Xiao-Dan, YAO Fan-Yun, CAO Yu-Jun, WANG Yong-Jun, WANG Li-Chun. Relationship between seed morphology, storage substance and chilling tolerance during germination of dominant maize hybrids in Northeast China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 726-738.
[10]	QU Jian-Zhou, FENG Wen-Hao, ZHANG Xing-Hua, XU Shu-Tu, XUE Ji-Quan. Dissecting the genetic architecture of maize kernel size based on genome-wide association study [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 304-319.
[11]	YAN Yan, ZHANG Yu-Shi, LIU Chu-Rong, REN Dan-Yang, LIU Hong-Run, LIU Xue-Qing, ZHANG Ming-Cai, LI Zhao-Hu. Variety matching and resource use efficiency of the winter wheat-summer maize “double late” cropping system [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 423-436.
[12]	ZHANG Qian, HAN Ben-Gao, ZHANG Bo, SHENG Kai, LI Lan-Tao, WANG Yi-Lun. Reduced application and different combined applications of loss-control urea on summer maize yield and fertilizer efficiency improvement [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(1): 180-192.
[13]	YU Rui-Su, TIAN Xiao-Kang, LIU Bin-Bin, DUAN Ying-Xin, LI Ting, ZHANG Xiu-Ying, ZHANG Xing-Hua, HAO Yin-Chuan, LI Qin, XUE Ji-Quan, XU Shu-Tu. Dissecting the genetic architecture of lodging related traits by genome-wide association study and linkage analysis in maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(1): 138-150.
[14]	ZHAO Xue, ZHOU Shun-Li. Research progress on traits and assessment methods of stalk lodging resistance in maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(1): 15-26.
[15]	NIU Li, BAI Wen-Bo, LI Xia, DUAN Feng-Ying, HOU Peng, ZHAO Ru-Lang, WANG Yong-Hong, ZHAO Ming, LI Shao-Kun, SONG Ji-Qing, ZHOU Wen-Bin. Effects of plastic film mulching on leaf metabolic profiles of maize in the Loess Plateau with two planting densities [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(8): 1551-1562.