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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 932-940.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84112

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Assessment of the nitrogen footprint in oilseed rape production of China during 2004 to 2015 base on life cycle assessment method

Zhong-Du CHEN,Chun-Chun XU,Long JI,Fu-Ping FANG()   

  1. China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2018-08-23 Accepted:2019-01-12 Online:2019-06-12 Published:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Fu-Ping FANG E-mail:fangfuping@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Project of National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300210);the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang(LQ18G030013)

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Abstract:

The loss of reactive nitrogen in agriculture has increasingly become serious, systematic analysis of reactive nitrogen emissions from agricultural production is conducive to promoting the green and healthy development of agriculture in China. Based on the statistical data of crop yield and farmland investment in the oilseed rape production of China, the spatiotemporal dynamic change of nitrogen footprint (NF) and its composition of oilseed rape during 2004-2015 in China was estimated using the theory of NF and life cycle assessment method in the agricultural sector. The NF of oilseed rape was 7572.0 g N-eq ha -1 during 2004-2015, and decreasing year by year, with an average annual decline of 1.0%. The main components of the NF were from fertilizer application (20%) and NH3 emission (54%) in the oilseed rape production. Obvious differences also were observed among mainly agricultural provinces in China, that is, the higher nitrogen footprint per area (NFa) and nitrogen footprint per yield (NFy) in Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, and Jiangsu region. The NFa and NFy in high yield region were significantly higher than those in low yield region. Among them, the NF of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer increased by 80.6%, 76.9%, and 57.8%, respectively (P < 0.05). The NFa of rapeseed in China showed a trend of increase with the increase of rapeseed yield, but there was no significant correlation. The results suggest that improving crop management practices that limit fertilizer consumption is an important measure for the green and healthy development of rapeseed in China.

Key words: nitrogen footprint, oilseed rape, life cycle assessment, spatiotemporal distribution, China

Fig. 1

System boundary for calculating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions"

Table 1

Index of active nitrogen emission of different material for agricultural production"

项目
Item		 N2O排放系数
N2O emission coefficient
(g N-eq kg-1)		 NOx排放系数
NOx emission coefficient
(g N-eq kg-1)
柴油Diesel 0.06 0.5
柴油燃烧Combustion 0.14 3.83
氮肥N 0.09 13.47
磷肥P2O5 0.013 2.16
钾肥K2O 0.017 2.90
杀虫剂 Insecticides 0.1661 13.18
除草剂 Herbicides 0.1015 8.06
杀菌剂 Fungicides 0.1057 8.41

Fig. 2

Nitrogen footprint per unit area (a) and nitrogen footprint per unit yield (b) in oilseed rape production of China from 2004 to 2015"

Table 2

Composition of nitrogen footprint of oilseed rape production of China from 2004 to 2015"

种类
Item		 年份 Year
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
农资投入 Farm inputs (g N-eq hm-2)
氮肥 N 1659.7 1509.2 1574.3 1525.5 1454.3 1511.3 1470.6 1448.2 1346.5 1275.3 1303.8 1271.3
磷肥 P 59.3 76.3 79.5 73.7 56.7 63.2 54.4 55.7 49.9 45.3 38.8 38.5
钾肥 K 12.3 16.6 10.1 9.6 10.9 6.1 7.4 6.1 7.9 6.6 5.7 6.6
复混肥 CF 124.6 164.5 178.3 206.9 223.2 225.3 251.4 251.8 263.1 305.1 329.8 347.9
除草剂 H 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
杀虫剂 In 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
杀菌剂 Fu 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 59.4
柴油 D 31.1 29.8 27.6 35.8 38.4 46.4 49.9 52.1 63.5 71.2 91.2 101.3
直接活性氮损失 Direct reactive nitrogen loss
Nr-NH3 4413.2 4106.8 4296.2 4225.5 4076.0 4223.4 4168.5 4112.9 3877.3 3774.7 3891.9 3842.9
Nr-NO3- 353.7 329.2 344.4 338.7 326.7 338.5 334.1 329.7 310.8 302.6 312.0 308.0
Nr-NH4+ 1108.8 1031.8 1079.4 1061.6 1024.1 1061.1 1047.3 1033.4 974.2 948.4 977.8 965.5
Nr-N2O 289.7 269.6 282.0 277.3 267.5 277.2 273.6 270.0 254.5 247.8 255.5 252.3
NFa (g N-eq hm-2) 8114.0 7595.2 7933.4 7816.2 7539.5 7814.1 7718.9 7621.4 7209.1 7038.4 7267.9 7195.7
NFy (g N-eq kg-1) 4.02 3.97 4.03 3.57 3.73 3.92 4.11 3.90 3.69 3.37 3.62 3.45

Fig. 3

Distribution of nitrogen footprint per unit area, nitrogen footprint per unit yield and their trends of oilseed rape production during 2004-2015 in each province of China a: distribution of nitrogen footprint per unit area (NFa); b: distribution of nitrogen footprint per unit area trends during 2004-2015; c: distribution of nitrogen footprint per unit yield (NFy); d: distribution of nitrogen footprint per unit yield trends during 2004-2015."

Table 3

Nitrogen footprint, input and composition of industry in typical provinces of China"

项目
Item		 氮足迹、投入及构成Nitrogen footprint, input and composition
高产High yield 低产 Low yield
省市 Province or municipality 上海 Shanghai 安徽 Anhui
江苏 Jiangsu 江西 Jiangxi
浙江 Zhejiang 湖南 Hunan
农资投入 氮肥N 2110.9±455.4 1168.9±211.1
Farm input (g N-eq hm-2) 磷肥P 68.1±21.1 38.5±10.2
钾肥K 3.9±1.2 12.1±6.5
复混肥CF 308.9±91.2 195.8±62.5
除草剂 H 1.6 1.6
杀虫剂 In 0.57 0.57
杀菌剂 Fu 59.35 59.35
柴油 D 49.8±11.3 30.47±8.7
项目
Item		 氮足迹、投入及构成Nitrogen footprint , input and composition
高产High yield 低产 Low yield
田间直接氮损失 Nr-NH3 5888.6±1231.1 3306.1±721.5
Indirect emission in field Nr-NO3- 472.0±101.3 265.0±92.2
(g N-eq hm-2) Nr-NH4+ 1479.5±311.4 830.6±111.2
Nr-N2O 386.5±101.7 217.0±91.2
单位面积氮足迹 NFa (g N-eq hm-2) 10829.8±2221.1 6126.0±1101.6
产量 Yield (kg hm-2) 2328.0±913.4 1708.8±771.3
单位产量氮足迹 NFy (g N-eq kg-1) 4.74±1.14 3.61±1.01

Fig. 4

Relationship between the yield of rapeseed and nitrogen footprint per unit area (a) or nitrogen footprint per unit yield (b) in China"

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