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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 941-948.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84146

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of combined application of nitrogen and potassium on seed yield and nitrogen utilization of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Jing LI,Jin-Yao YAN,Wen-Shi HU,Xiao-Kun LI,Ri-Huan CONG,Tao REN(),Jian-Wei LU   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2018-11-09 Accepted:2019-01-19 Online:2019-06-12 Published:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Tao REN E-mail:rentao@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872173);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662018PY077).

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Abstract:

The imbalance inputs of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer in current agricultural production severely restricts fertilizer use efficiency and crop yield potential. In order to estimate the influence of K fertilizer application on rapeseed yield and N fertilizer use efficiency under different nitrogen application rates, field experiments using two-factor experimental design were conducted at Wuxue county, Hubei province in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 winter oilseed rape growing seasons. Four levels of N and K fertilizer application rates were set up, which were 0, 90, 180, 270 kg N ha -1 and 0, 60, 120, 180 kg K2O ha -1, respectively. Seed yield, shoot N and K accumulation and N fertilizer use efficiency were measured at the harvest of winter oilseed rape. When K supply was insufficient (K0 and K60), the average increase rate of seed yield was 113.7%, while under sufficient K supplies (K120 and K180), the average seed yield increase rate was 172.9%. In contrast to the K0 treatment, the K120 treatment increased N fertilizer use efficiency by 16.6% on average; nevertheless, further increase K fertilizer application rate played minor role in the improvement of N fertilizer use efficiency. Considering the regional average rapeseed yield, adequate K supply could reduce the N fertilizer application rate with the average of 33.9% compared with insufficient K fertilization (K60). Consequently, the combined application of N and K fertilizers could significantly enhance rapeseed yield and N fertilizer use efficiency. In practices, besides paying more attention to N fertilizer application, K fertilizer input also should be strengthened. Optimizing N and K fertilizer application could be beneficial to further achieving higher seed yield and higher fertilizer use efficiency.

Key words: winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), combined application of nitrogen and potassium, seed yield, nitrogen use efficiency

Table 1

Effects of different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application rates on rapeseed yield in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 growing season"

处理
Treatment		 年份 Year 平均
Average (kg hm-2)
2016/2017 2017/2018
N0 K0 833 c 750 b 791
K60 977 b 909 ab 943
K120 1051 ab 956 ab 1003
K180 1125 a 1088 a 1106
平均 Average 996 926 961
N90 K0 1220 c 1284 c 1252
K60 1618 b 1594 b 1606
K120 2038 a 1988 a 2013
K180 2116 a 2138 a 2127
平均 Average 1748 1751 1749
N180 K0 1904 c 1659 c 1782
K60 2590 b 2278 b 2434
K120 3038 a 2981 a 3009
K180 3366 a 3281 a 3323
平均 Average 2724 2550 2637
N270 K0 1720 c 1406 c 1563
K60 2781 b 2372 b 2576
K120 3320 a 3162 a 3241
K180 3550 a 3478 a 3514
平均 Average 2843 2605 2724
方差分析 ANOVA F值 F-value
氮肥 Nitrogen (N) 761.1**
钾肥 Potassium (K) 296.1**
年份 Year (Y) 15.9**
N×K 29.2**
N×Y 3.2*
K×Y 1.3ns
N×K×Y 0.5ns

Table 2

Effects of different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application rates on yield components of rapeseed in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 growing season"

处理
Treatment		 单位面积角果数
Number of pods per unit area (No. m-2)		 平均
Average		 角粒数
Seed number
(No. pod-1)		 平均
Average		 千粒重
1000 seed weight
(g)		 平均Average
2016/2017 2017/2018 2016/2017 2017/2018 2016/2017 2017/2018
N0 K0 1245 b 1059 b 1152 24.7 a 24.4 b 24.5 3.3 a 2.9 a 3.1
K60 1444 ab 1160 b 1302 25.4 a 24.7 ab 25.0 3.2 a 3.1 a 3.2
K120 1575 a 1290 ab 1432 26.1 a 25.4 ab 25.8 3.1 a 3.1 a 3.1
K180 1679 a 1503 a 1591 25.8 a 25.8 a 25.8 3.1 a 3.1 a 3.1
平均 Average 1486 1253 1369 25.5 25.1 25.3 3.2 3.0 3.1
N90 K0 2981 c 2272 c 2626 24.1 b 23.4 b 23.8 3.2 a 2.9 a 3.1
K60 3408 bc 2742 b 3075 25.7 ab 26.3 ab 26.0 3.4 a 2.9 a 3.1
K120 3591 ab 3250 a 3421 25.1 ab 25.1 ab 25.1 3.2 a 2.9 a 3.1
K180 4114 a 3479 a 3796 26.3 a 26.6 a 26.4 3.1 a 2.9 a 3.0
平均 Average 3523 2936 3230 25.3 25.4 25.3 3.2 2.9 3.1
N180 K0 3649 c 2662 c 3156 24.3 c 22.7 b 23.5 3.2 b 3.0 a 3.1
K60 4508 b 3593 b 4051 26.3 b 26.3 a 26.3 3.4 ab 3.0 a 3.2
K120 4720 a 4838 a 4779 27.5 a 26.8 a 27.1 3.5 a 3.0 a 3.3
K180 4751 a 5024 a 4888 27.7 a 27.0 a 27.4 3.3 b 3.0 a 3.1
平均 Average 4407 4029 4218 26.5 25.7 26.1 3.4 3.0 3.2
N270 K0 3455 c 2151 d 2803 24.0 c 22.7 b 23.4 3.4 a 3.2 a 3.3
K60 4791 b 3626 c 4209 26.2 b 27.3 a 26.8 3.5 a 3.1 a 3.3
K120 5406 ab 5138 b 5272 27.5 ab 26.0 a 26.8 3.3 a 3.2 a 3.2
K180 5953 a 5710 a 5832 28.1 a 27.4 a 27.7 3.3 a 3.0 a 3.2
平均 Average 4901 4156 4529 26.4 25.9 26.2 3.4 3.1 3.3
方差分析 ANOVA F值 F-value
氮肥 Nitrogen (N) 491.6** 6.3** 9.6**
钾肥 Potassium (K) 119.2** 50.4** 2.9*
年份 Year (Y) 57.2** 4.9* 92.5**
N×K 14.9** 3.7** 1.0ns
N×Y 3.1* 0.9ns 2.9*
K×Y 6.9** 2.3ns 2.2ns
N×K×Y 1.7ns 0.7ns 1.7ns

Fig. 1

Effect of combined application of N and K fertilizer on shoot N and K accumulation at harvest during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 growing season Bar superscripted by different letters under the same N treatment in the same year are significantly different between different K fertilizer treatments by LSR test (P < 0.05); * and ** represent P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 2

Effect of combined application of N and K fertilizer application rates on N use efficiency of winter oilseed rape during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 growing season Bar superscripted by different letters under the same N treatment in the same year are significantly different between different K fertilizer treatments by LSR test (P < 0.05); * and ** represent P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively; ns means no significant difference. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 3

Rapeseed yield responses to N fertilizer application under different K fertilizer application rates and the optimal N and K fertilizer application rate for corresponding target seed yield The dashed line in the figure shows the N and K fertilizer application rate when the yield is set as 2500 kg hm-2, The dot dash line in the figure shows the N and K fertilizer application rate when the yield is set as 3000 kg hm-2; the black solid point is the average yield of 2016-2017, and the hollow point is the average yield of 2017-2018. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

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