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Effects of magnesium fertilization rates on rapeseed yield, magnesium uptake, and yield loss caused by frost damage

LI Bing-Lin1,YE Xiao-Lei1,XIAO Hong1,XIAO Guo-Bin2,LYU Wei-Sheng2,LIU Jun-Quan3,REN Tao1,LU Zhi-Feng1,*,LU Jian-Wei1   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 2 Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 331717, Jiangxi, China; 3Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Dafasi Town, Wuxue City, Hubei Province, Wuxue 435404, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-10-15 Revised:2025-04-25 Accepted:2025-04-25 Published:2025-05-13
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272820), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2301400), and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-12).

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Abstract:

Over 50% of soils in the primary winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production areas of the Yangtze River Basin are deficient in magnesium (Mg), which not only limits crop productivity but also increases susceptibility to low-temperature frost damage. To assess the effectiveness of Mg fertilization (0, 15, and 45 kg hm?2 MgO) in enhancing yield and improving frost tolerance, a two-year field experiment was conducted across the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 growing seasons in Jinxian (Jiangxi province) and Wuxue (Hubei province). The 2022/2023 season, which was free of frost, was compared with the frost-affected 2023/2024 season. Comprehensive measurements were taken, including yield components, biomass allocation, Mg concentration, and Mg accumulation. Results showed a significant positive relationship between Mg application and yield performance. Compared to the control (no Mg), Mg fertilization increased yield by 6.2% to 34.9%, and reduced frost-induced yield losses by 1.3% to 8.9%. Despite the frost in 2023/2024 causing average reductions of 38.0%–47.4% in shoot biomass and 41.2%–50.6% in total Mg uptake, Mg fertilization mitigated these effects by reducing biomass loss by 4.0%–9.4% and increasing aboveground Mg accumulation by 16.9%–46.0%. In direct-sown rapeseed, Mg application primarily enhanced seed yield by alleviating frost-induced reductions in plant density and seeds per pod. In contrast, for transplanted rapeseed, Mg fertilization preserved pod numbers per plant, thereby supporting both yield and frost tolerance. Overall, these findings demonstrate that while frost significantly reduces rapeseed yield and Mg uptake, Mg fertilization—particularly at 45 kg MgO hm?2—can effectively mitigate frost damage, resulting in improved yield and enhanced resilience.

Key words: magnesium fertilization rates, frost damage, oilseed rape yield, yield components, magnesium accumulation

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