Table 1

Primer sequences used in this study"

Fig. 1

Phenotypic observation of floral and silique morphology of mutilocular B. rapa a-b, c-f, g-j respesent the number of floral organs in WT, ml4 and srb, respectively; k-l, m-p, q-v respesent siliques with different carpel numbers in WT, ml4 and srb, respectively; cross-sections of gynoecia of WT (two carpels, w), ml4 (3-4 carpels, x and y) and srb (2-4 carpels, w to y) at stage 9-11; lc: locule; O: ovule; M: medial region; L: lateral region. Bar = 2 mm (k, m, o, q, s, u), 0.5 mm (l, o, p, r, t, v), and 100 μm (w-y)."

Table 2

Performance of multilocular silique trait in parents and F1 hybrids"

Fig. 2

BrCLV3 gene structure and amino acid sequences alignment a: BrCLV3 gene structure and natural variations between the alleles from WT and srb; black boxes represents the coding regions; there are two single nucleotide substitutions and one ATAT insertion/deletion in BrCLV3 gene regions between WT and srb. b: alignment of the amino acid sequences of CLV3 from B. rapa (srb, WT, ml4, Chiifu-401, and Arabidopsis); the putative signal sequence cleavage site is indicated by arrow, the conserved domain (CLE motif) at its C-terminus is underlined, and the amino acid changes in srb and ml4 are highlighted by the red highlighted font."

Fig. 3

Co-segregation analysis of genotype and multilocular phenotype in srb*WT F2 population by Brclv3Asp12 allele-specific SNP marker"

Fig. 4

Phenotypes of 35S::Brclv3Asp12 transgenic plants in the clv3-2 background The phenotypes of bilocular siliques (a, b) and normal inflorescence (q, r) in ler, multilocular siliques with 5-6 locular (i-l) and enlarged inflorescence (m, n) in clv3-2, and 35S::Brclv3Asp12 transgenic plants with partly rescue phenotypes, including 2-6 carpels (c-l) and normal inflorescence (o, p). Gene expression (s) and phenotype analysis of carpel numbers per plant (t) in five independent 35S::Brclv3Asp12 transgenic lines, which showed partially rescued phenotypes; the data and error bars represent the mean ± SD (n ≥ 15 plants for each line). Bars superscripted by lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level. Bar = 0.5 mm."

Fig. 5

Effects of different peptides on the SAMs in Arabidopsis 1: ler (a) and clv3-2 (b, c, d) plants were grown on 1/2 MS liquid media (a, b) containing 1 μmol L-1 Brclv3Asp12 peptide (c) and 1 μmol L-1 BrCLV3 peptide (d), and 9-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings were observed; the area of the SAM was measured on a median plane by calculating the area above the straight line from the upper edges of two opposite leaf primordia (arrowheads); Bar = 50 μm. 2: area of the SAM after different peptide treatments for nine days (e), the data and error bars represent the mean ± SD (n ≥ 20 plants for each line). Bars superscripted by lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.01 probability level."

Fig. 6

Effects of different peptides on the root and RAM in Arabidopsis Arabidopsis seedlings of 8-day-old were grown on agar media without (a, h) or with 1 nmol L-1 (b, c, i, j, o, r), 10 nmol L-1 (d, e, k, l, p, s), 100 nmol L-1 (f, g, m, n, q, t) of the BrCLV3Asp12 (b, d, f, i, k, m) or Brclv3 (c, e, g, j, l, n) peptides, respectively. The data and error bars represent the mean ± SD (n ≥ 26 plants for each line). ** indicates significant difference at the 0.01 probability level. Bar = 1 cm (a-g). Bar=100 μm (h-n). The black arrows indicate the border between the root meristematic and elongation zones."