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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 728-737.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04146

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Growth, physiological, and heavy metal accumulation traits at seedling stage under heavy metal stress in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

LYU Dong-Mei1,2(), ZHU Guang-Long1(), WANG Yue1, SHI Yu1, LU Fa-Guang1, REN Zhen1, LIU Yu-Qian1, GU Li-Feng1, LU Hai-Tong1, Irshad Ahmad1, JIAO Xiu-Rong1, MENG Tian-Yao1, ZHOU Gui-Sheng1,*()   

  1. 1Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology in Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal H9X3V9, Canada
  • Received:2020-07-03 Accepted:2020-10-14 Online:2021-04-12 Published:2020-11-18
  • Contact: ZHOU Gui-Sheng E-mail:lyu@mail.mcgill.ca;zhuguang2007@163.com;gszhou@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0108100);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0800201);Science and Technology Innovation Cultivating Fund of Yangzhou University(2019CXJ198);Innovation and Promotion of Forestry Science and Technology Program of Jiangsu Province(LYKJ[2019]47);Talent Project of ‘LyuYangJinFeng’ of Yangzhou Government(2018)

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Abstract:

Agricultural ecology environment and human health are seriously threated by aggravating agricultural non-point source and heavy metals pollution. It is of great significance to explore the cumulative effect of crops on heavy metal pollution and its physiological mechanism. A castor (Ricinus communis L.) variety Zibi 5 was used to study the accumulation effect of heavy metals and associated physiological mechanism under heavy metals treatments (Cu, Zn and Cd at 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg L-1 concentrations). The results showed that seedling growth, physiological traits and heavy metals accumulation significantly affected by heavy metal treatments. Plant height was increased to the maximum with 60 mg L-1 and then decreased. However, root length, fresh weight and dry weight were all decreased under heavy metal treatments. In general, SOD activity was decreased at low treatment concentration but increased at high treatment concentration, the highest activity was showed at 120 mg L-1 under Cu and Zn treatments at 10 DAS (days after sowing), which were 45.5% and 31.8% higher than that under CK, respectively. POD activity was first decreased and then increased on 10 DAS, but significantly increased in both 25 DAS and 45 DAS, as well as prominently increased with prolonged the growth periods. Soluble protein was only significantly increased under 120 mg L-1 Cu treatment, and increased by 18.8%, 66.7%, and 83.3% at each growth stage, respectively. MDA content was significantly increased with the increase of treatment concentration and significantly decreased with prolonged the growth periods, and MDA content was significant higher under Cd treatment than that under Cu and Zn treatments. The accumulation contents of Cu, Zn, and Cd in castor plant were gradually increased with the increase of treatment concentration, and the maximum accumulation was at 120 mg L-1 concentration. Among of them, the accumulation of treatment concentration increased, and the maximum accumulation showed at 120 mg L-1 concentration. Among them, the accumulation of Zn was the highest, followed by Cd. The accumulation content of heavy metals in each organ was shown as root > stem > leaf. This study suggested that castor has a certain tolerance to heavy metals, which was increased the antioxidase activity to alleviate heavy metals stress. The castor has organ specificity in heavy metals accumulation. It is an effective approach to plant castor to repair soil pollution by heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, and Cd.

Key words: castor, heavy metal stress, growth trait, heavy metal accumulation, physiological mechanism

Fig. 1

Variation of plant height of castor seedlings under different heavy metals treatments 10 DAS: 10 days after seeding; 25 DAS: 25 days after seeding. Values followed by different capital and small letters above the bar at same growth periods are significantly different among treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 2

Variation of root length of castor seedlings under different heavy metals treatments 10 DAS: 10 days after seeding; 25 DAS: 25 days after seeding. Values followed by different capital and small letters above the bar at same growth periods are significantly different among treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 1

Variation of fresh and dry weight under different heavy metals treatments in caster seedlings"

处理
Treatment		 浓度
Concentration
(mg L-1)		 10 DAS 25 DAS
鲜重
Fresh weight
(g plant-1)		 干重
Dry weight
(g plant-1)		 鲜重
Fresh weight
(g plant-1)		 干重
Dry weight
(g plant-1)
Cu 0 2.14 a 0.30 a 3.11 c 0.61 c
30 1.87 b 0.21 d 3.33 b 0.71 b
60 1.35 d 0.26 b 3.00 d 0.55 d
120 1.69 c 0.24 c 3.75 a 0.81 a
Zn 0 2.14 a 0.30 a 3.11 b 0.61 a
30 1.61 c 0.26 b 2.79 c 0.42 cd
60 2.03 b 0.29 a 3.28 a 0.55 b
120 1.29 d 0.20 c 3.08 bc 0.47 c
Cd 0 2.14 a 0.30 a 3.11 a 0.61 a
30 1.88 b 0.22 c 1.86 d 0.54 b
60 1.04 d 0.14 d 2.15 c 0.56 b
120 1.72 c 0.26 b 2.45 b 0.57 b

Fig. 3

Accumulation of Cu, Zn, and Cd under different heavy metals treatments in seedlings 10 DAS: 10 days after seeding; 25 DAS: 25 days after seeding. Values followed by different small letters above the bar at same growth periods are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 4

Concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Cd) in roots, stems, and leaves under different heavy metals treatments in castor Values followed by different small letters above the bar at same growth periods are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 5

Variation of SOD activity at different growth periods under different heavy metals concentration in castor Values followed by different small letters above the bar at same growth periods are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. DAS: days after seeding."

Table 2

Variation of POD activity in leaf at different growth stages under different heavy metals treatments in castor seedlings"

处理
Treatment		 浓度
Concentration (mg L-1)		 POD (U g-1 FW)
10 DAS 25 DAS 45 DAS
Cu 0 51.5 b 50.8 c 89.2 d
30 39.7 d 64.1 b 125.5 c
60 49.8 c 74.3 ab 166.0 b
120 57.5 a 79.5 a 275.0 a
Zn 0 46.8 c 49.8 d 156.3 d
30 32.0 d 70.7 c 175.9 c
60 60.9 b 79.8 b 269.2 b
120 75.3 a 92.5 a 419.0 a
Cd 0 47.5 b 53.2 d 135.1 d
30 26.4 d 59.4 c 246.1 c
60 37.8 c 82.0 a 327.4 a
120 66.6 a 80.2 b 260.2 b

Fig. 6

Content of soluble protein in leaf at different growth periods under different heavy metals concentration in castor bean Values followed by different small letters above the bar at same growth periods are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. DAS: days after seeding."

Table 3

Content of MDA in leaf at different growth periods under different heavy metals concentration in castor"

处理
Treatment		 浓度
Concentration (mg L-1)		 MDA (μmol g-1 FW)
10 DAS 25 DAS 45 DAS
Cu 0 38.5 d 26.2 d 21.2 d
30 75.3 c 43.6 c 33.3 c
60 96.4 b 69.7 b 49.5 b
120 109.5 a 88.5 a 66.8 a
Zn 0 25.2 d 20.6 d 15.3 d
30 56.4 c 35.4 c 19.8 c
60 78.6 b 57.3 b 32.7 b
120 98.2 a 76.1 a 46.8 a
Cd 0 27.4 d 22.4 d 18.3 d
30 83.3 c 41.8 c 27.3 c
60 126.4 b 88.6 b 42.7 b
120 174.1 a 117.2 a 73.6 a
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