Fig. 1

Barley root physio morphology, root length, and root number at 3 days and 7 days after P. indica colonization P. indica colonization A: root length and root number were compared between treatment and Mock at 3 days. Bar: 1.0 cm; B: branched roots were compared between treatment and Mock at 3 days. Bar: 1.0 cm; C: chart showing the statistical results of the root length of barley at 3 days and 7 days; D: chart showing the statistical results of the root number of barley at 3 days and 7 days. The experiments and statistical analysis were performed in three biological replicates."

Fig. 2

High-throughput sequencing flowchart of LncRNA identification"

Fig. 3

Hierarchical clustering heat map of differentially expressed LncRNA The abscissa is the sample, the ordinate is the differentially expressed LncRNA. On the left side, the genes are clustered according to the degree of similarity of expression, and the upper part of the sample is clustered according to the degree of similarity of the expression profile. The relative expression level is gradually up-regulated from blue to red, and the number is the relative expression after standardization."

Fig. 4

Differentially expressed LncRNA volcano map A: volcano map of differentially expressed LncRNA in 3 days vs Mock comparison group; B: volcano map of differentially expressed LncRNA in 7 days vs Mock comparison group; C: volcano map of differentially expressed LncRNA in 7 days vs 3 days comparison group. The abscissa indicates the multiple change of gene expression between different samples or comparison combinations (log2 (Fold Change)). The larger the absolute value of abscissa indicates the greater the multiple of expression change between the two comparison combinations; the ordinate indicates the significant level of expression difference. The up-regulated genes are represented by red dots, the down-regulated genes are represented by green dots, and the blue dots are genes that have not changed significantly (Padj < 0.05)."

Table 1

Primers for differential expression identification of LncRNA"

Fig. 5

Identification of differential expression of LncRNA by qRT-PCR A: LncRNA_XLOC_070335, XLOC_318641, and XLOC_067560 were up-regulated; B: LncRNA_XLOC_119623, XLOC_322519, and XLOC_206343 were down-regulated. The experiments of qRT-PCR and the data analysis were performed in three biological replicates. *: P < 0.05."

Fig. 6

GO enrichment histogram A: GO enrichment in 3 days vs Mock group; B: GO enrichment in 7 days vs Mock group; C: GO enrichment in 7 days vs 3 days group. The abscissa denotes the name of GO entry, which is divided into three categories by box (BP biological process, CC cell component, MF molecular function), distinguished by different frames, and the ordinate is the number of genes enriched by GO entry."

Fig. 7

Differentially expressed LncRNA enriched in KEEG pathway in three comparison groups The ordinate represents different pathways, and the abscissa represents the proportion of differentially expressed genes in the corresponding pathway to all genes in the pathway. The circle size represents the number of genes enriched in the corresponding pathway, and the larger the circle, the more genes are enriched in the pathway. Color represents enrichment significance, and the closer it is to be black, the more significant it is."

Fig. 8

Plant hormone signal transduction"