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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 2053-2065.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12038

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of vascular bundle of peduncle and flag leaf and assimilates translocation in leaves and stems of different types of rice varieties

ZHOU Chi-Yan(), LI Guo-Hui*(), XU Ke, ZHANG Chen-Hui, YANG Zi-Jun, ZHANG Fen-Fang, HUO Zhong-Yang, DAI Qi-Gen, ZHANG Hong-Cheng   

  1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-06-03 Accepted:2021-11-29 Online:2022-08-12 Published:2021-12-30
  • Contact: LI Guo-Hui E-mail:996979082@qq.com;lgh@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901425);Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX20_3002)

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Abstract:

To compare the characteristics of vascular bundle of peduncle and flag leaf and assimilate translocation of stems and leaves and to explore the relationship between the characteristics of vascular bundle and the assimilate translocation of stems and leaves and yield formation, four different types of rice varieties were selected and studied, including indica hybrid rice, indica-japonica hybrid rice, indica conventional rice, and japonica conventional rice. The results showed that there were differences in genotypic phenotypes among the number and anatomical characteristics of vascular bundles of peduncle and flag leaf and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) translocation in stems and leaves among different rice varieties. Among the four different types of rice varieties, the number of vascular bundles, average cross-section area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf of indica hybrid rice and indica-japonica hybrid rice were higher than those of the other two types of rice varieties, and the stem and leaf NSC translocation and yield were also higher than those of the other two types of rice varieties, followed by indica conventional rice. The vascular bundle number, average cross-sectional area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf in japonica conventional rice was the lowest, and the NSC translocation and yield of stem leaf was also the lowest. The characteristics of the vascular bundle and the translocation of stems and leaves NSC were affected by nitrogen application levels. Low nitrogen could promote the NSC translocation of stems and leaves, high nitrogen application could increase the number of vascular bundles, the average cross-section area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf, but the density of the cross-section vascular bundle of peduncle was decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the number of large and small vascular bundles of peduncle and flag leaf was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with NSC translocation of stems and leaves, the number of large and small vascular bundles, average cross-section area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with yield. In conclusion, selecting rice varieties with well vascular bundle phylogeny and rational application of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the characteristics of vascular bundle, facilitate the translocation of assimilate in stems and leaves, and promote grain yield.

Key words: rice, vascular bundle of peduncle, vascular bundle of flag leaf, assimilate translocation of stems and leaves, nitrogen

Fig. 1

Number of large and small vascular bundles of peduncle in different types of rice varieties under two nitrogen levels IH, IJH, IC, and JC are indica hybrid rice, indica-japonica hybrid rice, indica conventional rice, and japonica conventional rice, respectively. LN and HN treatments are 0.03 g N kg-1 soil and 0.3 g N kg-1 soil, respectively. Different letters on the top of histograms indicate significance at the 0.05 probability level among different varieties under the same nitrogen treatment. * indicates significance at the 0.05 probability level between the two nitrogen treatments for the same type of variety."

Fig. 2

Large and small vascular bundle densities of peduncle in different types of rice varieties under two nitrogen levels Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different letters on the top of histograms indicate significance at the 0.05 probability level among different varieties under the same nitrogen treatment. * indicates significance at the 0.05 probability level between the two nitrogen treatments for the same type of variety."

Fig. 3

Average cross-sectional area and phloem area of large and small vascular bundles of peduncle in different types of rice varieties under two nitrogen levels Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different letters on the top of histograms indicate significance at the 0.05 probability level among different varieties under the same nitrogen treatment. * indicates significance at the 0.05 probability level between the two nitrogen treatments for the same type of variety."

Fig. 4

Number of large and small vascular bundles of flag leaf in different types of rice varieties under two nitrogen levels Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different letters on the top of histograms indicate significance at the 0.05 probability level among different varieties under the same nitrogen treatment. * indicates significance at the 0.05 probability level between the two nitrogen treatments for the same type of variety."

Fig. 5

Average cross-sectional area and phloem area of large and small vascular bundles of flag leaf in different types of rice varieties under two nitrogen levels Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different letters on the top of histograms indicate significance at the 0.05 probability level among different varieties under the same nitrogen treatment. * indicates significance at the 0.05 probability level between the two nitrogen treatments for the same type of variety."

Fig. 6

Dynamic changes of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content in stems of different types of rice varieties under two nitrogen levels Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. HD: heading stage; DAH: days after heading; MD: maturity stage."

Fig. 7

Dynamic changes of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content in flag leaves of different types of rice varieties under two nitrogen levels Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 1

NSC translocation in stems of different types of rice varieties"

品种类型
Variety type		 茎鞘NSC表观转运量ATM (mg g-1) 茎鞘NSC表观转运率AR (%) 茎鞘NSC对产量的表观贡献率AC (%)
低氮
LN		 高氮
HN		 低氮
LN		 高氮
HN		 低氮
LN		 高氮
HN
籼型杂交稻IH 241.0 ab 216.2 b 90.1 a* 74.8 a 17.7 ab 15.7 a
籼粳杂交稻IJH 266.0 a 243.7 a 83.0 b 79.3 a 20.0 a 17.4 a
籼型常规稻IC 211.1 b* 150.2 c 84.8 ab* 58.3 b 15.8 ab* 11.5 b
粳型常规稻JC 175.6 c 122.6 d 67.6 c* 53.1 b 15.0 b 7.5 c

Table 2

NSC translocation in flag leaves of different types of rice varieties"

品种类型
Variety type		 叶片NSC表观转运量ATM (mg g-1) 叶片NSC表观转运率AR (%) 叶片NSC对产量的表观贡献率AC (%)
低氮
LN		 高氮
HN		 低氮
LN		 高氮
HN		 低氮
LN		 高氮
HN
籼型杂交稻IH 7.15 a 5.38 a 17.24 a* 11.77 a 0.02 b 0.06 a*
籼粳杂交稻IJH 16.15 a 10.39 a 31.06 a* 20.10 a 0.16 a 0.15 a
籼型常规稻IC -3.93 b -10.56 b -10.74 b -25.95 b -0.04 b -0.20 b
粳型常规稻JC -4.91 b -11.79 b -11.55 b -27.70 b -0.07 b -0.16 b

Table 3

Correlation between vascular bundle characteristics of peduncle and stem NSC translocation in different types of rice varieties (n = 24)"

性状
Characteristic		 大(小)维管束数量
Number of large (small) vascular bundles		 大(小)维管束密度
Large (small) vascular density		 大(小)维管束
平均横截面积
Average cross-sectional area of large (small) vascular bundles		 大(小)维管束
平均韧皮部面积
Average phloem area of large (small) vascular bundles
茎鞘NSC表观转运量ATM 0.62** (0.79**) -0.52** (-0.49*) 0.26 (0.35) 0.24 (0.20)
茎鞘NSC表观转运率AR 0.42* (0.47*) -0.47* (-0.45*) 0.20 (0.22) 0.23 (0.16)
茎鞘NSC对产量的表观贡献率AC 0.49* (0.51*) -0.48* (-0.46*) 0.22 (0.33) 0.18 (0.18)

Table 4

Correlation between vascular bundle characteristics of peduncle and flag leaf NSC translocation in different types of rice varieties (n = 24)"

性状
Characteristic		 大(小)维管束数量
Number of large (small) vascular bundles		 大(小)维管束密度
Large (small) vascular density		 大(小)维管束
平均横截面积
Average cross-sectional area of large (small)
vascular bundles		 大(小)维管束
平均韧皮部面积
Average phloem area of large (small) vascular
bundles
叶片NSC表观转运量ATM 0.65** (0.62**) -0.52** (-0.56**) 0.22 (0.37) 0.21 (0.16)
叶片NSC表观转运率AR 0.59** (0.59**) -0.55** (-0.60**) 0.25 (0.38) 0.25 (0.18)
叶片NSC对产量的表观贡献率AC 0.69** (0.71**) -0.46* (-0.54**) 0.16 (0.32) 0.17 (0.11)

Table 5

Yield and yield components of different types of rice varieties"

性状
Characteristic		 处理
Treatment		 籼型杂交稻
IH		 籼粳杂交稻
IJH		 籼型常规稻
IC		 粳型常规稻
JC
有效穗数
The effective panicles (No. plant-1)		 低氮LN 3.5 b 3.0 c 3.5 b 4.2 a
高氮HN 10.0 bc* 8.7 c* 10.7 b* 12.3 a*
每穗颖花数
Number of spikelets per panicle (No. panicle-1)		 低氮LN 140.1 b 208.1 a 136.7 b 95.1 c
高氮HN 194.3 b* 249.5 a* 172.1 b 106.5 c
结实率
Grain filling percentage (%)		 低氮LN 85.6 b 92.8 a 89.6 ab 87.4 ab
高氮HN 91.0 b* 92.5 ab 91.8 b 95.2 a
千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 低氮LN 24.6 a 23.2 b* 23.3 b 25.3 a
高氮HN 25.9 a* 22.4 d 23.6 c 24.6 b
产量
Yield (g pant-1)		 低氮LN 10.1 b 13.5 a 9.8 b 8.6 c
高氮HN 44.6 a* 44.9 a* 39.1 b* 30.0 c*
生物量
Biomass (g pant-1)		 低氮LN 18.7 b 25.6 a 18.7 b 17.4 b
高氮HN 84.5 ab* 85.3 a* 78.5 b* 54.0 c*
收获指数
Harvest index (%)		 低氮LN 54.2 a 52.6 a 52.0 a 49.2 b
高氮HN 52.9 ab* 52.3 ab 49.6 b 55.7 a

Table 6

Correlation between the characteristics of vascular bundle of peduncle and grain filling percentage, 1000-grain weight and yield of different types of rice varieties (n = 24)"

性状
Characteristic		 结实率
Grain filling percentage		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 产量
Yield
大(小)维管束数量
Number of large (small) vascular bundles		 0.38 (0.33) -0.72** (-0.55**) 0.18 (0.43*)
大(小)维管束平均横截面积
Average cross-sectional area of large (small) vascular bundles		 -0.06 (0.01) 0.26 (0.18) 0.50* (0.54**)
大(小)维管束平均韧皮部面积
Average phloem area of large (small) vascular bundles		 -0.16 (-0.03) 0.26 (0.24) 0.43* (0.52**)

Table 7

Correlation between the vascular bundle characteristics of flag leaf and grain filling percentage, 1000-grain weight and yield of different types of rice varieties (n = 24)"

性状
Characteristic		 结实率
Grain filling percentage		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 产量
Yield
大(小)维管束数量
Number of large (small) vascular bundles		 0.55** (0.40) -0.27 (-0.38) 0.90** (0.87**)
大(小)维管束平均横截面积
Average cross-sectional area of large (small) vascular bundles		 0.46* (0.45*) -0.32 (-0.36) 0.67** (0.54**)
大(小)维管束平均韧皮部面积
Average phloem area of large (small) vascular bundles		 0.33 (0.22) -0.02 (-0.09) 0.83** (0.70**)
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