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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 2562-2571.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22047

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of soil microbes on rice allelopathy and its mechanism of wild rice (Oryza longistaminata) and its descendants

XU Gao-Feng1,2(), SHEN Shi-Cai1,2, ZHANG Fu-Dou1,2,*(), YANG Shao-Song1,2, JIN Gui-Mei1,2, ZHENG Feng-Ping1,2, WEN Li-Na1,2, ZHANG Yun3,*(), WU Ran-Di1,4   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Research, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
    2Yunnan Lancang-Mekong Agricultural Bio-Security International Science and Technology Cooperation Joint Research Center, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
    3Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
    4College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2022-08-11 Accepted:2023-02-21 Online:2023-09-12 Published:2023-03-16
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960544);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860511);Technological Innovation Talent Plan of Yunnan Province(202105AD160021);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2600400);Special Funds of Major Science and Technology Project in Yunnan Province(202102AE090003)

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Abstract:

Soil microbes may affect weed inhibitory effects of allelopathic crops that it is great significant to understand their causes and mechanisms for green ecological management of weeds in paddy fields. Oryza longistaminata (OL), a wild rice with strong allelopathic potential, is excellent cultivars for breeding allelopathic rice. However, the effect of soil microbes on allelopathy of this wild rice and its descendants is still unclear. In this study, the allelopathic effects of two allelopathic rice genotypes (OL and its descendant-RL169) and non-allelopathic Asian cultivated rice cultivar (RD23) affected by soil microbes on barnyardgrass were studied, and characteristics of rhizosphere soil microbes, and absorption and utilization of nutrients of barnyardgrass were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Soil microbes significantly increased weed suppression of wild rice (OL) and its descendants (RL169) (P < 0.05) and had no significant effect on RD23. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that plant height, root length and biomass of barnyardgrass were significantly increased with interaction of soil microbes, root exudates and different allelopathic rice genotypes (P < 0.05). 2) Wild rice (OL) and its descendants (RL169) changed soil microbe community structure, reduced diversity and richness of bacteria in barnyardgrass rhizosphere soils, which the number of bacteria was significantly lower than that of RD23 at the family, genus and species levels (P < 0.05). 3) Soil microbes significantly reduced absorption and utilization of N, P and K of barnyardgrass which co-cultured with wild rice and its descendants (RL169). In the presence of soil microbes, the absorption of N and P of barnyardgrass which co-cultured with wild rice(OL) and the absorption of N of barnyardgrass which co-cultured with rice genotypes (RL169) were significantly reduced. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that soil microbes and allelopathic rice genotypes significantly affected N (P < 0.01) or K (P < 0.05) absorption of barnyardgrass and had no significant effect on P absorption; but nutrient utilization of barnyardgrass was only obviously affected by allelopathic rice genotypes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the allelopathic suppression of wild rice (OL) and its descendants (RL169) was significantly improved through soil microbe community structure changing of barnyardgrass rhizosphere soils and nutrient absorption and utilization (N, P, and K) reducing of barnyardgrass. Our study could increase further understanding of effect of soil microbes on rice allelopathy and provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of wild rice germplasm resources.

Key words: rice allelopathy, rhizospheric soil, soil microbial diversity, allelopathic weed suppression, nutrient absorption and utilization

Fig. 1

Effects of different allelopathic rice genotypes on plant height, root length, and biomass of barnyardgrass under different soil treatments Fig. A, B, and C show plant height, root length, and biomass of barnyardgrass, respectively. Lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level. RE × SM: root exudates × soil microbes; RE × NSM: only root exudates; NRE × SM: only soil microbes; NRE × NSM: no root exudates and no soil microbes."

Table 1

Multivariate analysis of the effects of different factors on the growth of barnyardgrass"

稗草生长
Barnyardgrass growth		 影响因子
Factor		 自由度
DF		 均方
MS		 F 值
F-value		 P 值
P-value
株高
Height		 A 1 44.8533 27.3844 0.0001
B 1 3.7408 2.2839 0.1395
C 2 11.7475 7.1722 0.0024
A × B 1 3.0000 1.8316 0.1844
A × C 2 11.4008 6.9606 0.0028
B × C 2 1.1658 0.7118 0.4975
A × B× C 2 6.8125 6.4961 0.0130
根长
Root length		 A 1 30.4008 37.1560 0.0001
B 1 1.9200 2.3466 0.1343
C 2 11.4494 13.9935 0.0001
A×B 1 0.6075 0.7425 0.3946
A×C 2 9.7627 11.9320 0.0001
B×C 2 0.3194 0.3903 0.6797
A × B× C 2 6.6869 6.8395 0.0402
生物量
Biomass		 A 2 5808.0000 128.4324 0.0001
B 2 132.0000 2.9480 0.0638
C 2 3892.0000 86.0639 0.0001
A×B 4 133.3333 2.9484 0.0946
A×C 4 1524.0000 33.7002 0.0001
B×C 4 156.0000 3.4496 0.0626
A × B× C 8 633.3333 49.5528 0.0152

Table 2

Weed suppression ability of different allelopathic rice genotypes under different soil treatments"

土壤处理
Soil treatment		 综合抑制率Synthetic inhibitory effect (IRSE)
长雄野生稻
Oryza longistaminata		 中化感潜力后代RL169
Medium allelopathic potential descendant of RL169		 亚洲栽培稻RD23
Asian cultivated rice of RD23
RE × SM 65.30±2.21 a 47.45±2.16 a 27.06±3.06 a
RE × NSM 49.73±1.41 b 42.04±3.72 a 26.21±1.55 a
NRE × SM 27.20±1.96 c 31.24±1.47 b 24.86±1.15 a
NRE × NSM 25.63±1.78 c 29.96±0.95 b 23.65±1.33 a

图A

Effects of barnyardgrass rhizosphere soil microbial community structure under different allelopathic rice genotypes and Fig. B show the number of bacteria in different taxa and their community structure character of barnyardgrass rhizosphere soil under different allelopathic rice genotypes."

Fig. 3

Effects of barnyardgrass rhizosphere soil microbial biodiversity index under different allelopathic rice genotypes"

Table 3

Effects of different allelopathic rice genotypes on nutrient absorption and utilization of barnyardgrass under different soil treatments"

营养元素
Nutrient		 土壤处理
Soil treatment		 长雄野生稻
Oryza longistaminata		 中化感潜力后代RL169
Medium allelopathic potential
descendant of RL169		 亚洲栽培稻RD23
Asian cultivated rice of RD23
养分吸收率
UPE (mg)		 养分利用率
NUE (%)		 养分吸收率
UPE (mg plant-1)		 养分利用率
NUE (%)		 养分吸收率
UPE (mg)		 养分利用率
NUE (%)
N 未灭菌SNS 1.03±0.07 Cc 35.37±2.28 Cb 1.48±0.09 Bc 42.64±3.51 Bb 2.14±0.07 Aa 47.39±2.14 Aab
灭菌SS 1.54±0.05 Cb 36.59±3.16 Cb 1.79±0.07 Bb 43.31±1.23 Bb 2.21±0.13 Aa 48.69±2.95 Aab
对照CK 2.31±0.11 Aa 56.49±3.27 Aa 2.31±0.11 Aa 56.49±3.27 Aa 2.31±0.11 Aa 56.49±3.27 Aa
P 未灭菌SNS 0.67±0.05 Cc 71.41±1.57 Cb 0.98±0.07 Bb 78.64±1.35 Bb 1.21±0.05 Aa 84.65±3.58 Aa
灭菌SS 1.08±0.10 Bb 72.63±1.08 Cb 1.04±0.08 Bb 79.26±4.67 Bb 1.29±0.07 Aa 85.19±4.03 Aa
对照CK 1.34±0.07 Aa 94.18±2.36 Aa 1.34±0.07 Aa 94.18±2.36 Aa 1.34±0.07 Aa 94.18±2.36 Aa
K 未灭菌SNS 0.14±0.02 Bb 276.45±7.91 Cb 0.19±0.05 Bb 289.35±13.72 Bb 0.31±0.04 Aa 324.92±6.52 Aab
灭菌SS 0.23±0.03 Bb 278.37±4.93 Cb 0.26±0.03 Bab 291.39±3.09 Bb 0.35±0.05 Aa 325.58±8.69 Aab
对照CK 0.39±0.04 Aa 358.19±8.58Aa 0.39±0.04 Aa 358.19±8.58 Aa 0.39±0.04 Aa 358.19±8.58 Aa

Table 4

Multivariate analysis of the effects of nutrient absorption and utilization on the growth of barnyardgrass"

养分吸收与利用
Nutrient absorption and utilization		 影响因子
Factor		 自由度
DF		 均方
MS		 F 值
F-value		 P 值
P-value
N (UPE) A 1 0.4902 19.5480 0.0003
B 2 1.6410 65.4400 0.0001
A×B 2 0.1848 13.3800 0.0067
P (UPE) A 1 0.1962 2.5360 0.2523
B 2 0.2835 3.6640 0.2144
A×B 2 0.0774 3.5380 0.0506
K (UPE) A 1 0.0280 5.1460 0.0358
B 2 0.0468 8.6030 0.0024
A×B 2 0.0011 0.1980 0.8220
N (NUE) A 1 5.6438 0.2260 0.6399
B 2 282.8473 11.3490 0.0006
A×B 2 0.0928 0.0040 0.9963
P (NUE) A 1 5.5129 21.4400 0.0436
B 2 335.1219 1303.3060 0.0008
A×B 2 0.2571 0.0070 0.9932
K (NUE) A 1 14.3586 0.0530 0.8198
B 2 4873.0003 18.1430 0.0001
A×B 2 1.0096 0.0040 0.9962
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